Post-noun Modifiers
- Adjective Clauses
- Prepositional Phrases
- Adjective Phrases
- Verbal Phrases
- Appositive Phrases

Relative/Adjective Clauses
Form
• Relative pronoun + (S) V
• who, whom, which, that,whose
• where,
• when,
• why,
• how

Form: RP+V
• who, that, which

• IF, they function as the subject of the adjective clause.

Form: RP+S+V
• whom, where, when, why, how

WHOSE?
• whose+N -> S
• Everyone whose age is eighteen should plan for retirement.
• whose+N -> O
• Anna whose daughter I adore has been my good friend for ten years.
Example
• The boys are being punished by the teacher.
• The teacher always gives too many assignments.
• The boys are being punished by the teacher who always gives too many assignments.

Which VS Where
• Venice is a city in Italy.
• Everyone wants to go to this city.
• Venice, where everyone wants to go to, is a city in Italy.
• Venice is a beautiful city.
• It is located on the eastern cost of Italy.
• Venice, which is located on ...Italy, is a beautiful city.
• Venice is famous as a city of roads made of water.
• Millions of tourists love Venice.
• Venice, which millions of tourists love, is famous as....water.

Appositive Phrases
• Anna, being my uncle’s daughter, always complains about her math teacher.
• Anna, my uncle’s daughter, always complains about her math teacher.
• The teacher who punished the principal’s son will be fired.
• The teacher punishing ...will be fired.