Objective: Identify the use of relative pronouns in adjective clauses
Directions: Underline the relative pronoun in the following sentences.

1. Everyone whose age is eighteen or over should plan for retirement.
2. Most people will retire at age 62, the time when Social Security and pensions kick in.
3. Most people who are not formally employed will have another thirty years or more.
4. Many believe Congress who says pensions and Social Security benefits will be adequate and go on forever.
5. Many do not make any effort to create a personal nest egg that will add to any government or institutional benefits.
6. People whose beliefs include such ideas may have to work beyond age 62 because they don’t receive enough money from pensions and Social Security.
7. The reality of inflation, which has averaged 5 percent over the last sixty years, must be taken into account when planning for retirement.
8. The value of each dollar decreases an average of 5 percent a year, which can hurt the balance sheet.
9. January’s dollar is worth only 95 cents in December, which means it is worth only 50 cents in seven to ten years.
10. The personal nest egg that is created over many years of working will outpace inflation and provide additional comforts during retirement.

Objective: Practice producing complex sentences using adjective clauses
Directions: Read both sentences. Rewrite the sentences by embedding the second sentence into the first, revising the second sentence as necessary.

1. Venice is located on the eastern coast of Italy.
It is located on the Adriatic Sea.
Venice, is located on the eastern coast of Italy, which is located on the Adriatic Sea
2. Venice is built on a series of islands.
Venice has many bridges.
Venice, which has many bridges, is built on a series of islands.
3. Gondolas, water taxis, and water buses travel along the Grand Canal.
The Grand Canal is the main thoroughfare through the city.
Gondolas, water taxis, and water buses travel along the Grand Canal, which is the main thoroughfare through the city.
4. Venice has no cars.
Venice is a city of roads made of water.
Venice, a city of roads made of water, has no cars. or
Venice, whose roads are made of water, has no cars.
5. One of the main sites for tourists is along the Grand Canal.
This site is St. Mark’s Square.
One of the main sites for tourists that is called St. Mark’s Square is along the Grand Canal.
6. St. Mark’s Square has raised wooden walkways in winter.
The paving stones are under two to three feet of water.
St. Mark’s Square whose paving stones are under two to three feet of water has raised wooden walkways in winter.
7. The city of Venice has been sinking about one inch every fifty years.
Many basements built in the fifteenth century are now filled with water.
The city of Venice, whose many basements built in the fifteenth century are now filled with water, has been sinking about one inch every fifty years.
8. Venice is a fascinating city to explore.
It must be explored on foot or by boat.
Venice, which must be explored on foot or by boat, is a fascinating city( to explore).

Objective: Use the proper relative pronoun to create an adjective clause
Directions: In the space provided, write the appropriate relative pronoun to create an adjective clause.

1. A resume presents information about your experience and skills (which) the employer needs to decide if you are the right person for the job.
2. A resume which/that is sloppy or grammatically incorrect presents a bad image.
3. You should start with your employment experience which is the first thing the employer looks at.
4. Inventory all skills and abilities (which) you have acquired from all your employment.
5. List your accomplishments during employment which are good selling points as well.
6. The employer who has many resumes to sift through is looking for any reason to throw away your resume.
7. Applicants whose resumes or cover letters have spelling or grammatical errors stand little chance of passing that initial screening phase.
8. The applicant who has created a resume that is clear and concise in content, correct and neat in appearance, will progress through the hiring process more successfully.
9. The applicant (whom) the employer chooses will have created a great image on paper.
10. The applicant who is hired for the position must continue to present a good image to the existing employees whose opinions might force an early firing if the image doesn’t match the actual person presented on paper or in the interview.

Objective: Use the knowledge of adjective clauses to edit a grammatically incorrect paragraph

Directions: Read through the following paragraph to see where you can revise to incorporate adjective clauses into the paragraph. Some sentences may need punctuation. Rewrite the paragraph on another piece of paper.

A functional resume is one type of resume it which focuses on accomplishments and skills. It doesn’t matter when they were done. First, present the career objective it which/that states the position you are seeking. The functional resume lists the accomplishments section. thisThis section has several subheadings these subheadings which state your categories of accomplishments and skills. These categories might include Customer Service, these categories might include Computer Skills, these categories might include Management and Supervisory these categories might include, and Written Communication Skills. Under each category are listed specific accomplishments these accomplishments which should be bulleted. The applicant’s resume should lists many accomplishments in the appropriate categories for the position. this This ensures a good chance of getting an interview, at the very least.

Source: Pack and Henrickson. 1980. Sentence Construction Book 1. Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers.

Unit 2: Expansion through Modification: Noun: Reduction of Adjective Clauses

Objective: Reduce different kinds of adjective clauses into adjective phrases

Directions: Revise the following sentences by reducing the adjective clauses to verbal phrases, prepositional phrases, adjective phrases or noun phrases.

1. San Antonio, Texas, which is the tenth largest cit in the United States, lies halfway between the east and west coasts.

2. Covering food with a salt solution, which was known in England as “corn", is one of the oldest methods of preserving meat and fish.

3. The museum on our campus recently acquired a painting by Cuno Amiet, who is one of Switzerland’s most famous artists.

4. Some people believe that the Loch Ness monster, who is known as Nessie, may have some relatives who live living in the lakes and coastal waters of British Columbia.

5. The International Date Line, which is an imaginary line at 180 longitude, was fixed at the location on earth that is exactly Greenwich, England. Keep it

6. People who are interested in becoming astronauts should study science or engineering when they are in college.

7. According to researchers who work working at the Boston University School of Medicine, bald men who are bald have an increased risk of heart attack.

8. The statistics that were reported on baldness do not apply to men who have with or having receding hairlines.

9. People who are worried about preservatives should not be concerned about the preservatives that are added to bread to keep it fresher.

10. Left-handed children who are left-handed have more accidents than those who are right-handed/ the right-handed group, according to a group of pediatricians who conducted conducting a study at the Arkansas Children’s Hospital.

Source: Kolln, Martha and Funk, Robert. 1998. Exercises for Understanding English Grammar. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.

Unit 2: Expansion through Modification: Noun: Restrictive versus Nonrestrictive Clauses

Objective: Recognize restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses
Directions: Identify the underlined clause as R (Restrictive) or NR (Nonrestrictive). Insert commas where necessary.

1. Susan B. Anthony who was born in N.Y. is famous for her work in getting women the right to vote. NR
2. She was a schoolteacher who supported a woman’s right to vote. R
3. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the other founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association which was instrumental in changing the laws about women’s suffrage. NR
4. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman who graduated from a medical school in the United States. NR
5. She was not accepted by her teachers and later she was rebuffed by her friends who all ostracized her. R
6. Eventually, she finished her coursework; she was the student who got the highest grades in her class. R
7. She opened a hospital in New York. The hospital which was run by women later expanded to become a medical school. R
8. When Shannon Faulkner applied in 1993 for acceptance to The Citadel which is a state-supported military school in Charleston, South Carolina she did not indicate that she was female. NR
9. The school which was all-male until 1995 did not ask if an applicant was male or female at the time because only men were allowed in the school. R
10. When the school realized she was female, it withdrew its offer and Faulkner sued. She engaged in a legal battle that lasted several years but she finally won in 1995. The Citadel is no longer an all-male school. R

Objective: Recognize the difference in the pronunciation pattern of the restrictive and that of the nonrestrictive clauses

Directions: Listen to the instructor and note the different pronunciation in each of the following pair of sentences. Write your own conclusion of the difference. Then answer the comprehension questions that follow.
1. a. My friends, who are from Canada, will be at the party.
b. My friends who are from Canada will be at the party.
In which sentence are all his friends from Canada? a.
2. a. The students, who were attentive in class, passed the test.
b. The students who were attentive in class passed the test.
Which sentence states that only some of the students were attentive? b.
3. a. The tennis players, who were women, won the tournament.
b. The tennis players who were women won the tournament.
Which sentence states that all of the players were women? a.
4. a. My boyfriend who is from France is sitting over there.
b. My boyfriend, who is from France, is sitting over there.
Which sentence implies that she has more than one boyfriend? a.

Source: Steer, M. Jocelyn and Carlisi, A. Karen. 1998. The Advanced Grammar Book. Heinle & Heinle Publishers.

Unit 2: Expansion through Modification: Noun: Review Exercise: Adjective Clauses

Objective: Recognize and correct errors in adjective clauses use

Directions: Correct an error in each of the following sentences which use adjective clauses as their modifier.

1. You wouldn’t believe the test that we had it in our structure class last week!
2. John went to see a friend that his whose father is the president of his college.
3. My husband adores lumpia that, (which is) an Indonesian-style egg roll.
4. There is an old bridge crosses crossing the river in my town.
5. The class schedule that I got it yesterday has many errors on it, which I am going to complain to the administration.
6. My economics professor will let me take my final exam after vacation for that for which I am very grateful.
7. In my house I have all kinds of paintings, most of them which are from the twentieth century.
8. This is the kind of plant that you usually have to fertilize it regularly.
9. I used to have this doctor that/who I’d never go back to her.
10. 96.5 F.M. is one radio station that to which I listen a lot. (listen to the radio)
11. I love Georgia O’Keeffe’s paintings that which are all on exhibit in Los Angeles now.
12. She left her textbook that she needs for class tomorrow on the table in the kitchen. (Place the adj cls after the noun that it modifies)
13. I had an interesting talk with two students, both of them whom are from Turkey.
14. For my birthday I got a beautiful piece of crystal, which I love crystal.
15. Montpelier that, which is the capital city of Vermont, has six months of winter.
16. I would never marry a man that his whose religion is different from mine.
17. The movie that Loretta and Jack went to yesterday was Rain Man, which they loved.
18. The IPPONW, which was founded in 1980 by two Soviet and two United States citizen.
19. The objective is to consolidate medical opinion against the danger of nuclear arms which have bad effects on people whose mental and physical health are destroyed. (whose+noun)

Source: Steer, M. Jocelyn and Carlisi, A. Karen. 1998. The Advanced Grammar Book. Heinle & Heinle Publishers.