Key
names/terms
Christopher Columbus
Queen Isabella
King Ferdinand
Columbian Exchange
Treaty of Tordesillas
Plantation
Cash Crops
Questions:
Why did Spain finally agree to
sponsor Columbus’s voyage
What were the positive and
negative effects did Columbus’s voyages have?
Hidalgo
Conquistador
Isthmus
Colony
Mestizo
Presidio
Mission
Pueblo Revolt of 1860
Privateer
Charter
Joint-stock company
Royal colony
Legislature
House of Burgesses
Indentured servant
Bacon’s Rebellion
New England Colonies
Puritan
Persecute
Pilgrim
Mayflower Compact
Great Migration
Religious tolerance
Salem witch trials
Sachem
Pequot War
King Philip’s War
Middle Colonies
Diversity
Synagogue
Proprietary colony
Quaker
Haven
Southern Colonies
Trustee
Questions:
Why did the Spanish encourage
settlement in the Southeast, Southwest, and West Coast regions of North
America?
Describe the Pueblo Revolt of
1680.
Describe the challenges the English
faced in settling Virginia
List the reason’s for Jamestown’s
near failure.
Where was New France located?
Why did English Pilgrims come to
New England?
Why did conflicts develop between
Native Americans and the English settlers?
What challenges did the Puritan
colonists face and why do you think they succeeded in establishing permanent
settlements in New England?
Compare/Contrast the colonies of
New France, Plymouth, and Massachusetts Bay.
What events led to contributed to the outbreak of King Philip’s
War?
What was the Great Migration?
Why did the British want to take
over New Amsterdam?
Describe the groups that settled
in Pennsylvania
List some of the reasons people
settled in the Middle and Southern colonies.
Why was the colony of Georgia
established?
Key
names/terms:
Mercantilism
Balance of trade
Duty
Salutary neglect
Staple crop
Triangular trade
Gentry
Apprentice
Almanac
Indigo
Self-sufficient
Middle Passage
Mutiny
Stono Rebellion
Immigrant
Great Awakening
Itinerant
Dissent
Questions:
what was the British government’s
policy toward the colonies after the rule of James II had ended?
List 4 causes contributing to
salutary neglect
List 3 effects of salutary
neglect
How were the economies of the
Southern, Middle, and New England colonies similar?
How did they differ?
How did the legal status of women
differ from their actual importance in colonial society?
How was colonial society
structured?
Why did everyone in an average
colonial household have to work?
In what ways did the skills that
slaves brought from Africa allow the colonies of South Carolina and Georgia to
prosper?
Why was the Great Awakening an
indirect challenge to the hierarchical social order of the British colonies?
What was the impact of colonial
expansion?
Why was western Pennsylvania a
likely hot spot for confrontation between the French, English, and Native
Americans?
Describe the system of triangular
trade used by New Englanders in the 1700’s.
What duties did women perform in
colonial America?
Give 4 reasons why slaves in
South Carolina and Georgia were able to preserve their cultural traditions.
Why did colonists feel pressured to
expand westward in the mid-1700’s?
Key
names/terms:
French and Indian War
Albany Plan of Union
Militia
Prime minister
Siege
Treaty of Paris
Benjamin Franklin
Edward Braddock
George Washington
William Pitt
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Proclamation of 1763
Stamp Act
Sugar Act
Quartering Act
Declaratory Act
Townshend Acts
Tea Act
Intolerable Acts
Sons of Liberty
Boycott
Boston Massacre
First Continental Congress
Battles of Lexington & Concord
Revolutionary War
Common Sense
Second Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Declaration of Independence
Enlightenment
Natural Rights
Battle of Bunker Hill
Loyalist
Mercenary
Battle of Trenton
Battle of Saratoga
John Burgoyne
Horatio Gates
Baron Friedrich von Steuben
Marquis de Lafayette
Blockade
Profiteering
Battle of Yorktown
Treaty of Paris 1763
Treaty of Paris 1783
Questions:
How did the French and Indian War
cause the colonists to rethink their relationship with Britain?
What were the major causes and
effects of the war?
Why did the colonists protest new
British taxes, and in what ways did they protest?
What were the causes and effects
of the Stamp Act?
Why did Great Britain change its
colonial policies after 1863?
Describe some of the political
ideals that influenced the outbreak of the American Revolution
Why was Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common
Sense so important?
How did King George III’s
rejection of the Olive Branch Petition influence the Declaration of
Independence?
What factors contributed to
important American victories at Boston, Trenton, Princeton, Saratoga?
How did the victories at Trenton
and Princeton contribute to the victory at Saratoga?
What were the strengths and
weaknesses of the Americans at the start of the war?
What were the strengths and
weaknesses of the British?
What hardships did American
overcome to win the war against Britain?
Which battle of the Revolutionary
War do you think was most important and why?
Why was foreign aid important to
the Americans during the war?
What was the purpose of the
Declaration of Independence?
Key
Terms/People:
Articles of Confederation
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Constitution
Amendment
Veto
Federal
Separation of Powers
Checks & Balances
Electoral College
Federalist
Antifederalist
Ratify
Bill of Rights
Cabinet
George Washington
James Madison
Alexander Hamilton
Pierre-Charles L'Enfant
Three-Fifths Compromise
The Great Compromise
Questions:
What kind of government structure did the Articles of
Confederation create?
Why did some people support the Articles of Confederation
while others opposed it?
What were the effects of Shay's rebellion?
Why was the year 1787 a turning point in American history?
Describe the structure of the government created by the
Constitution.
What role did James Madison play at the Constitutional
convention?
How did the Federalists win ratification of the
Constitution?
Name a supporter of the Bill of Rights and explain his
argument for it.
What roles did Jefferson and Hamilton play in Washington's
administration?
What precedents did Washington set during his
administration?
How did Washington carry out his goal of creating a
respected government?
What were the most important features of the Constitution?
Chapter 6, (sections 1,2,3, & 5)
Key
Terms/People:
Strict construction
Tariff
Whiskey Rebellion
XYZ Affair
Alien & Sedition Acts of 1798
Marbury
v. Madison
Judicial review
Louisiana Purchase
Jay's Treaty
Missouri Compromise
Battle of New Orleans
Lewis & Clark Expedition
Impressment
Treaty of Ghent
Hartford Convention
Bureaucracy
Embargo
Thomas Jefferson
John Marshall
John Adams
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Jeffersonian Republicans
Questions:
Who opposed the Federalists during the Washington
administration? Why?
How did the Sedition Act reflect the Federalists' position
in the debate between order & liberty?
Why did the Jeffersonians win the presidential election of
1800?
Why was the election of 1800 significant in the history of
the United States?
Describe the changes that Jefferson tried to make in the
relationship between government and the people?
How was Alexander Hamilton able to change the national debt
from a weakness into a strength?
Why was the federal government determined to crush the
Whiskey Rebellion?
Summarize the views of the Federalists and Jeffersonian
Republicans in the 1790's
How was Jefferson's enforcement of the Embargo Act (1807) similar
to Washington's actions against the Whiskey Rebellion?
What was the goal of Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion?
What were the goals of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
Why was there a need to compromise over making Missouri a
state in 1820?
What issue was left unresolved by the Missouri Compromise?
Today we expect a peaceful transfer of power when Americans
vote to change political parties. Why were people unable to make this
assumption in the election of 1800?
Key
Terms/Names
Market Revolution
Manufacturing
Centralized
Free enterprise system
Capital
Bank note
Section
Urban
Population density
Industrialization
Tenement
Strike
Labor union
Rural
Turner’s Rebellion
Nat Turner
McCullough vs. Maryland
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Monroe Doctrine
John Quincy Adams
John C. Calhoun
Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson
Patronage
Spoils system
Tariff of 1828
Secede
Indian Removal Act
Trail of Tears
Questions:
How did factories change the American economy in the early
1800’s?
How might the increase in the numbers of factory workers
affect the demand for manufactured goods?
In what ways did the economy of the North change from
1800-1850?
How and why did the concept of “going to work” change in
parts of the North?
What benefits did centralized manufacturing offer?
What role did banks play in the economic growth of the
early 1800’s?
In what ways did economic change in the North, link people
together?
In what ways did it push them apart?
How did cotton growing change the South?
Compare and contrast the economics activities in the North
and South.
How did geography cause the North and South to develop
different economic systems?
What conditions led to the formation of labor unions?
Why, do you think, did southerners retire from their
professions to become plantation owners?
How might this explain the southerners’ defense of the
slave system?
Why did most slave rebellions fail?
Why did nationalism gain, then lose popularity?
Give examples of nationalism in foreign policy and at home
during the early 1820’s.
Why was the election of 1824 controversial?
Compare the views of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun,
Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson.
In what ways did Andrew Jackson’s presidency represent a
change from the past?
What issues did Jackson favor?
What issues did he oppose?
Explain Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis and
to the rechartering of the national bank.
Chapter
9: sections 2-4
Key
Terms/Names
Abolitionist movement
Emancipation
Underground Railroad
Gag rule
William Lloyd Garrison
Frederick Douglas
Sojourner Truth
Catherine Beecher
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Seneca Falls Convention
Suffrage
Declaration of Sentiments
Cult of Domesticity
Irish Potato Famine
Naturalize
Discrimination
Questions:
What tactics did the abolitionist movement use to battle
slavery?
Describe several effects of the abolitionist movement.
How did the role of women change in the mid-1800’s, and in what
ways did it not change?
What were the causes and effects of the Seneca Falls
convention?
Compare and contrast the views of Catherine Beecher and
Elizabeth Cady Stanton regarding women and reform.
How and why did Americans become less united in the 1830’s
and 1840’s?
What were the causes and effects of immigration in the
1840’s?
How did the reform movements deepen hostilities between the
Northern and Southern sections of the nation?
Key
Terms/Names
Great Plains
Middlemen
Nomadic
Pawnee
Mandan
Sioux
Crow
Cheyenne
Presidio
Secularize
Santa Fe Trail
Texas War for Independence
Stephen Austin
Sam Houston
Santa Anna
Battle of the Alamo
Mountain Man
Trek
Oregon Trail
Manifest Destiny
Annex
Mexican War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Gadsen Purchase
California Gold Rush
Boom town
Ghost town
James Polk
John Slidell
Zachary Taylor
John C. Fremont
Wilmot Proviso
Questions:
How did horses and traders change the way of life of the
Plains Indians?
How did the roles of Native American men and women change
with the switch from agricultural culture to a nomadic way of life?
What caused the decline of village societies on the Great
Plains?
Describe the way of life of the nomadic Plains Indians.
How did the Spanish try to strengthen their hold on
California in the late 1700’s?
Why did settlers in Texas want independence from Mexico?
What important changes took place in the areas of
California, New Mexico, and Texas during this period?
Name two effects of the increased trade between the United
States and northern Mexico.
What caused thousands of Americans to begin migrating to
the Oregon Country in the 1840’s?
What action by the United States Congress helped lead to
the Mexican War?
How did the war against Mexico help the United States
achieve its “Manifest Destiny?”
Key
terms/people
Fugitive Slave Act
Missouri Compromise
Nativism
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty
Free Soiler
Bleeding Kansas
Lecompton Constitution
Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Charles Sumner
Dred Scott
John Brown
Abraham Lincoln
Border States
Stephen Douglas
Jefferson Davis
Fort Sumter
Lower South
Upper South
Questions:
Some
historians who think Northerners & Southerners were fairly similar believe
war could have been avoided how?
What did Uncle Tom’s Cabin attack?
By 1860, where were the largest cities in the United States
located?
How were the North & South different by 1860?
What was the most important difference?
What were the provisions of the Compromise of 1850?
What did the Fugitive Slave Act specify?
How did John C. Calhoun view the North?
Why did the Whig party collapse in the 1850’s?
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect slavery in the new
territories?
Who were the main supporters of the republican party?
The Kansas-Nebraska bill gave Kansas voters the right to do
what?
How did “Bleeding Kansas” earned its name?
Who did Preston Brooks use his cane to beat and why?
The decision in the case Scott v. Sanford protected
whose rights?
In the 1858 Illinois Senate race, who did Stephen Douglas
defeat?
Why did John Brown attack the federal arsenal at Harper’s
Ferry?
Why did Republicans choose Abraham Lincoln as their
candidate?
Why did Southern states began to secede following the
election of 1860?
Why did Secessionists believe that they had a right to
leave the Union?
Why did the states from the Upper South secede?
Key
names/terms:
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
Confederate States of America
William Tecumseh Sherman
Copperhead
Pickett’s Charge
Martial Law
Thirteenth Amendment
Emancipation Proclamation
George McClellan
Gettysburg Address
Writ of Habeus Corpus
Battle of Manassas/Bull Run
Battle of Antietam
Anaconda Plan
Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of Atlanta
Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of Chancellorsville
Appomattox Court House
Questions:
At the start of the war, how would the South’s basic
strategy be described?
During the Civil War how did Union & Confederate
governments try to increase the size of their armies?
During the early part of the war, what was Lincoln’s main goal?
What major hardships did the Confederacy face during the
war?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect African
Americans?
How did Lee win a brilliant victory at Chancellorville?
Why did Lee cross into Pennsylvania?
At Gettysburg, where did the Union and Confederate lines
position themselves?
When were Confederate forces at Gettysburg blown apart by
canister shells?
Describe the geographic characteristics of Vicksburg.
How did Grant finally succeed in taking Vicksburg?
Why were Union victories at Vicksburg and Port Hudson so
important?
Describe the war strategies of Grant and Sherman.
How were the battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and
Cold Harbor similar?
What did George McClellan say he would do if he were elected
President in 1864?
Lincoln gained much needed voter support in the 1864
election after what happened?
The passage of the 13th Amendment showed that
Congress accepted Lincoln’s view regarding what?
Why did Sherman treat South Carolina so harshly?
Why did Lee finally surrender to Grant?
What happened at Ford’s theater on April 14, 1865?
Key
names/terms
Reconstruction
Pardon
Andrew Johnson
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Black Codes
Fourteenth Amendment
Civil Rights
Impeach
Fifteenth Amendment
Carpet Bagger
Scalawag
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Tenure of Office Act
Edwin Stanton
Blanche K. Bruce
Sharecropping
Tenant farming
Infrastructure
Solid South
Compromise of 1877
Questions
Name 3 major problems the South faced at the end of the
Civil War.
How did Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan differ from
Lincoln’s?
What challenges faced the three groups of southerners after
the Civil War?
How did African Americans try to improve their lives after
emancipation?
Why was it more difficult for freedmen to exercise their
freedom to own land than it was for them to exercise their freedoms to worship
or become educated?
Why did Congress take over Reconstruction and what policies
did it create?
What were the goals of the 14th and 15th
Amendments?
What were the effects of Radical Reconstruction?
How did Republicans gain control of southern governments?
How were Reconstruction legislatures unique in American
history?
What effects did Reconstruction have on agriculture and
industry in the South?
Describe the sharecropper’s cycle of debt.
What were some of the major successes and failures of
Reconstruction?
What were the events that led to the Compromise of 1877?
What tactics did some white southerners use to challenge
Reconstruction?
When and why did Reconstruction end?