US History                                                                                                                                Mr. Sandoe

Final Exam Review

 

Chapter 14: 1,2, 4

 

Key Terms/People: define the following

Patent

Productivity

Transcontinental railroad

Bessemer process

Mass production

Social Darwinism

Monopoly

Cartel

Trust

Sherman Anti-trust Act

Horizontal consolidation

Vertical consolidation

Economies of scale

Business cycle

Robber Barons

Captains of Industry

Socialism

Collective bargaining

Scab

Anarchist

Haymarket Riot

Homestead strike

Pulman strike

American Federation of Labor

Knights of Labor

George Westinghouse

Thomas Edison

Alexander Graham Bell

Samuel Morse

Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

 

Questions:

 

1. How did new railroads and improvements in railway technology help spur economic growth?

 

 

2. why did increasing the size of companies make sense in the expanding economy of the late 1800’s?

 

 

3. why was the Standard Oil Trust formed?

 

 

4. How successful was it?

 

 

5. How did rapid industrial growth affect the country?

 

 

6. What steps did employers take to fight labor unions?

 

 

7. which side did the federal government take in the major strikes of the late 1800’s? Explain.

 

Chapter 15 1&2.

 

Key Terms/People: define the following

Morrill Land Grant Act

Land speculator

Homestead Act

 

 

Questions

1. How did settlers acquire land in the West?

 

 

2. Describe some ways settlers relied on each other.

 

 

 

 

Chapter 16: 1, 2, & 4

 

Key Terms/People

Gilded Age

Laissez-faire

Subsidy

Blue law

Civil service

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Steerage

Quarantine

Chinese Exclusion Act

Segregation

Alien

Nativism

Temperance movement

Prohibition

Vice

Rutherford B. Hayes

Chester A. Arthur

James A. Garfield

Grover Cleveland

William McKinley

William Jennings Bryan

 

Questions:

1. How did business influence politicians during the Gilded Age?

 

 

2. What problems did the spoils system create?

 

 

3. Why did so many people want to come to the United States in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?

 

 

4. Starting in the 1890’s, where did the largest numbers of immigrants come from?

 

 

5. What actions did nativists take to restrict immigration?

 

 

 

Chapter 18: Becoming A World Power

 

Key Terms/Names

Imperialism

Nationalism

Annex

Banana republic

Arbitration

Jingoism

Sphere of Influence

Open Door Policy

Dollar Diplomacy

Monroe Doctrine

Theodore Roosevelt

William McKinley

William Howard Taft

 

Questions

1. Why did US policy makers feel the need to secure new markets abroad during the late 1800’s?

 

 

2. What actions led to the Spanish-American war?

 

 

3. How was President Taft’s dollar diplomacy both similar to and different from the approach to foreign policy taken by President Roosevelt?

 

 

4. How did the US secure the rights to build a canal through Panama?

 

 

5. Name the major arguments of the anti-imperialists

 

 

6. Explain why imperialism was such an appealing policy for many world powers during the late 1800’s.

 

 

7. Briefly explain the arguments of Alfred T. Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Albert J. Beveridge regarding expansionism.

 

 

8. Describe how the 1895 dispute between the US and Britain reaffirmed the Monroe Doctrine

 

 

9. Why did the American public favor war with Spain in 1898?

 

 

10. What was the Open Door Policy, and why was it important to the United States?

 

 

11. Describe Theodore Roosevelt’s approach to foreign policy.

 

 

12. How did the Roosevelt Corollary affect US policy in Latin America?

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 19: The Era of Progressive Reform

 

Key Terms/People

Injunction

Home rule

Muckraker

Progressive Era

Social welfare program

Direct primary

Initiative

Referendum

Recall

Holding company

Conservationist

New Nationalism

New Freedom

Clayton Antitrust Act

Federal Reserve System

Civil disobedience

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Congressional Union

Upton Sinclair

Theodore Roosevelt

William Howard Taft

Woodrow Wilson

Susan B. Anthony

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Carrie Chapman Catt

Alice Paul

 

Questions

1. summarize the main goals of the progressive reformers

 

 

2. what beliefs about the role of government lay at the heart of the Progressive Era?

 

 

3. Briefly describe the progressive reforms that were made at the city, state, and federal levels.

 

 

4. In what areas did President Taft back away from progressive reform?

 

 

5. What happened when he did this?

 

 

6. What were the two main strategies of the suffrage movement during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?

 

 

7. What did Progressives see as good about the US?

 

 

8. What did they want to reform?

 

 

9. What were the typical methods of progressive reformers?

 

 

10. What were the successes and failures of the Taft presidency?

 

 

11. Why did progressivism come to an end?

 

 

12. Where did campaigns to achieve suffrage first meet with success?

 

 

13. How did the Congressional Union and the NAWSA differ in their strategies?

 

 

 

Chapter 20: World War I

 

Key Terms/People

Liberty Bond

Allies

Convoy

American Expeditionary Force

Militarism

Imperialism

Nationalism

Versailles Treaty

Zimmerman Note

U-Boat

Armistice

Sedition

Central Powers

League of Nations

Fourteen Points

Stalemate

Schlieffen Plan

Mobilization

Lusitania

Sussex Pledge

Price Controls

Woodrow Wilson

Gavrilo Princep

Archduke Ferdinand

David Lloyd George

George Clemenceau

 

Questions:

 

1. What were the main causes of WWI?

 

 

2. What were the reactions in the US to the outbreak of war in Europe?

 

 

3. What were the main reasons the US stayed neutral at the start of the war?

 

 

4. Why did the US declare war on Germany?

 

 

5. Why did German submarine warfare upset the US so much?

 

 

6. Why and how did the US gov’t try to control the economy at home?

 

 

7. What was the American reaction to the treaty of Versailles?

 

 

8. Why did the 14 points fail as a basis for peace negotiations?

 

 

 

Chapter 21: The Twenties

 

Key Terms/People:

Communism

Red Scare

Isolationism

Disarmament

Quota

Teapot Dome Scandal

Kellog-Briand Pact

Consumer Economy

Installment Plan

Assembly line

Flapper

Demographics

Barrio

Mass Media

Jazz Age

Lost Generation

Harlem Renaissance

Bootlegger

Speakeasy

Fundamentalism

Scopes Trial

Warren Harding

Calvin Coolidge

Herbert Hoover

Charles Schenck

Henry Ford

Charles Lindbergh

Amelia Earhart

Jack Dempsey

Babe Ruth

Langston Hughes

Ernest Hemingway

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Al Capone

 

Questions:

1. What events caused the Red Scare of 1919?

 

 

2. How did the gov’t respond?

 

 

3. What events brought disgrace upon the Harding presidency?

 

 

4. How did Coolidge restore respect to the office?

 

 

5. How did the decade of Republican gov’t affect the US economy?

 

 

6. Describe the impact of Henry Ford on American business AND society.

 

 

7. In what ways did the role of women change during the 1920’s?

 

 

8. What kinds of demographic change occurred during the 1920’s?

 

 

9. What was the Lost Generation? What trends in society did it find troubling?

 

 

10. What themes and experiences did the writers of the Harlem Renaissance explore?

 

 

11. What long-term effects did Prohibition produce?

 

 

12. What divisions in American society were reflected in the Scopes Trial?

 

 

13. Why did divisions emerge in American society during the 1920’s?

 

 

14. What kinds of cultural changes took place in the US during the 1920’s?

 

 

15. In what ways did Americans react to the changing social values in America during the 1920’s?
16. Why was there a business boom in the 1920’s?

 

 

17. What were the main goals of the Republican administrations during the 1920’s?

 

 

 

Chapter 22: Crash & Depression

 

Key Terms/People:

Welfare Capitalism

Speculation

Buying on Margin

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Black Tuesday

Great Crash

Great Depression

Gross National Product

Hooverville

Dust Bowl

21^st Amendment

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Bonus Army

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Herbert Hoover

 

Questions:

 

1. Why did Americans unwisely trust the economy in the 1920’s?

 

 

2. What were the causes of the stock market crash in 1929?

 

 

3. How did the effects of the Great Crash widen into deeper economic crisis?

 

 

4. In what ways did Americans’ attitudes and outlook help them survive the Great Depression?

 

 

5. How did Hoover’s failures bring victory for FDR?

 

 

6. Name 3 problems that plagued farmers during the 1920’s and 1930’s.

 

 

7. Why was Herbert Hoover criticized for his handling of the Depression?

 

 

8. How did overspeculation in the stock market endanger the economy?

 

 

9. Why was the election of 1932 a turning point in the nation’s history?

 

 

10. What were the immediate effects of the Great Crash?

 

 

11. What were the long-term effects?

 

 

12. How did the Depression affect minorities?

 

 

13. What was welfare capitalism and why did private companies adopt this approach in the 1920’s?

 

 

14. What did Americans do to try to help one another during the Depression?

 

 

 

Chapter 23: Sections 1-2

 

Key Terms/People: Define the following

1.     First New Deal

2.     Second New Deal

3.     Hundred Days

4.     TVA

5.     Emergency Banking Act

6.     FDIC

7.     Public Works programs

8.     FERA

9.     CWA

10.   CCC

11.   National Industrial Recovery Act

12.   NRA

13.   PWA

14.   Federal Securities Act

15.   HOLC

16.   AAA

17.   WPA

18.   Wagner Act

19.   Social Security Act

20.   Demagogues

21.   Upton Sinclair

22.   Eleanor Roosevelt

23.   Huey Long

24.   Franklin Delano Roosevelt

 

 

Questions: Answer the following as thoroughly as possible

1.     Why did FDR begin the New Deal by closing the nation's banks?

 

 

 

2.     How did the National Industrial Recovery Act aim to help businesses?

 

 

 

3.     What did the 1936 election reveal about voters' attitudes toward the New Deal?

 

 

 

4.     What were some of the limitations of the New Deal?

 

 

 

5.     What was the main criticism of the New Deal by the American Liberty League?

 

 

 

6.     Why did FDR attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court?

 

 

 

7.     What permanent changes took place for labor unions as a result of the New Deal?

 

 

 

8.     Why did people criticize FDR and the New Deal?

 

 

 

9.     How did the Wagner Act affect labor unions in the United States?

 

 

 

Chapter 24: World War II (sections 1-4)

 

Key Terms/People: Define the following.

Totalitarian

Fascism

Axis Powers

Blitzkrieg

Allies

Lend-Lease Act

Adolf Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Il Duce

Mein Kampf

Der Fuhrer

Appeasement

Munich Conference

Joseph Stalin

Winston Churchill

Pearl Harbor

Atlantic Charter

Battle of Stalingrad

Carpet bombing

D-Day

Battle of the Bulge

Yalta Conference

Dwight D Eisenhower

George Patton

Bataan Death March

Battle of the Coral Sea

Battle of Midway

Battle of Guadalcanal

Kamakaze

Battle of Iwo Jima

Battle of Okinawa

Manhattan Project

Harry S. Truman

Douglas MacArthur

Anti-semitism

Kristallnacht

Wannsee Conference

Death camp

War Refugee Board

Holocaust

 

Questions: Answer the following as thoroughly as possible

1.     How did Hitler come to power in Germany?

 

 

2.     How did Fascist & Nazi aggression lead to war in Europe?

 

 

3.     How did the United States support the Allies with economic aid while staying out of the fighting?

 

 

4.     Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

 

 

5.     How did the Allied decision to begin fighting in North Africa & Italy instead of Western Europe affect war efforts in the Soviet Union?

 

 

6.     What contributions did minorities and women make to the American military efforts?

 

 

7.     What events in Europe & the Pacific helped turn the tide in favor of the Allies?

 

 

8.     What was the D-Day operation?

 

 

9.     Why didn't the United States not have to invade Japan at the end of the war?

 

 

10.   What was Hitler's "final solution"?

 

 

11.   How did the Nazis implement their plans for genocide?

 

 

12.   What were the alternatives to dropping the atomic bomb on Japan?

 

 

13.   What were the causes of World War II?

 

 

14.   How did the policy of appeasement contribute to the outbreak of World War II?

 

 

15.   Why did Japan want to build an empire in Asia?

 

 

Chapter 25: Sections 3-4:

 

Key Terms/People: Define the following:

1.     Rosie the Riveter

2.     Seniority

3.     "Double V" campaign

4.     Nisei

5.     Internment camp

 

Questions: Answer the following

1.     What changes took place in the kinds of jobs women held before & during World War II?

 

 

2.     Describe some of the benefits that women got from war work.

 

 

3.     What strategies did African Americans use to gain equal rights during World War II?

 

 

4.     What attitudes led to the internment of Japanese Americans during World II?

 

 

5.     What steps did the government take to mobilize industries & labor for war production?

 

 

6.     Did the wartime economy make discrimination worse or just create more of it? Explain.

 

 

7.     Compare the experiences of Mexican Americans and Native Americans at home during World War II.

 

 

8.     List some ways that the government enlisted public support for the war effort.

 

 

 

Chapter 26: 1-3 “The Cold War”

 

Identify the following terms:

Satellite nation

Iron curtain

Truman Doctrine

Cold War

Containment

Yalta Conference

Potsdam Conference

United Nations

NATO

Warsaw Pact

Marshall Plan

Berlin Airlift

Collective Security

HUAC

Hollywood Ten

Blacklist

McCarran-Walter Act

Korean War

38^th Parallel

domino theory

arms race

brinkmanship

ICBM

Sputnik

U2 incident

CIA

 

Identify the following people:

Winston Churchill

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Joseph Stalin

Harry S. Truman

Mao Zedong

Douglas MacArthur

Joseph McCarthy

Fidel Castro

Dwight D. Eisenhower

 

Answer the following questions:

1)     How did post war hostility develop between the United States and the Soviet Union?

 

 

2)     Why was 1945 a crucial year in history?

 

 

3)     How did Germany come to be a divided nation?

 

 

4)     Why were NATO and the Warsaw Pact created?

 

 

5)     What events led to the Berlin Airlift?

 

 

6)     Describe the rise and fall of Senator Joseph McCarthy

 

 

7)     Who was Douglas MacArthur, and what is his historical significance?

 

 

8)     What was the importance of the Iron Curtain speech?

 

 

9)     What events at home and abroad in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s helped raise Americans’ fears of communism?

 

 

 

10)   How was 1949 a key year in the development of the Cold War?

 

 

11)   Where and how was the Cold War carried out during the 1950’s?

 

 

12)   What overstatements did Senator McCarthy make in his accusations about Communists?

 

 

 

 

Chapter 28: 1-3

Identify the following terms:

Mandate

New Frontier

Warren Commission

NASA

Great Society

VISTA

Medicare

Medicaid

Immigration Act of 1965

Cuban Missile Crisis

Limited Test Ban Treaty

Alliance for Progress

Peace Corps

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Berlin Wall

Vietnam

 

Identify the following people:

John F. Kennedy

Lee Harvey Oswald

Lyndon B. Johnson

Jack Ruby

Barry Goldwater

Nikita Khrushchev

Robert Kennedy

Dean Acheson

 

Answer the following questions:

1)     Describe Kennedy’s economic & space programs in the New Frontier.

 

 

2)     What were some of the successes and failures of Kennedy’s domestic policies?

 

 

3)     What were the goals of President Johnson’s “Great Society?”

 

 

4)     How did President Johnson propose to bring about the “Great Society?”

 

 

5)     What were the effects of his efforts?

 

 

6)     Compare Johnson’s foreign policy to Kennedy’s. Were they similar or different? Explain.

 

 

7)     Explain why the Kennedy administration was compared to the Broadway musical Camelot

 

 

8)     What domestic programs did Kennedy propose?

 

 

9)     Why was his domestic program largely unsuccessful?

 

 

10)   What actions were taken to investigate Kennedy’s assassination?

 

 

 

11)   What were some of the consequences to the United States of the failed Bay of Pigs invasion?

 

 

12)   Describe the Berlin Crisis of 1961.

 

 

13)   Why did Kennedy establish the Peace Corps?

 

Chapter 17: 3 The World of Jim Crow

 

Key Terms/People:

Poll tax

Grandfather clause

Jim Crow

Plessy v. Ferguson

Lynching

NAACP

 

Questions

1. List some of the methods that white society used to discriminate against African Americans after Reconstruction.

 

 

2. How did the NAACP and National Urban League help African Americans during the early 1900’s?

 

 

3. What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?

 

 

 

4. What methods were used to keep African Americans from voting?

 

Chapter 27:4

Brown v. Board of Education

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Integration

 

Identify the following people:

Jackie Robinson

Oliver Brown

Rosa Parks

Martin Luther King Jr.

 

 

 

 

Answer the following questions:

1)     What avenues of protest did early Civil Rights activists use in their struggle?

 

 

2)     How did African Americans use the courts and nonviolent protest in their battle for equality?

 

 

 

Chapter 29: 1-3

 

Identify the following terms:

Congress of Racial Equality

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Nonviolent protest

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

NAACP

Sit-in

Freedom Ride

Albany Movement

March on Washington

Cloture

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Identify the following people:

W.E.B. DuBois

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Martin Luther King Jr.

 

Answer the following questions:

1)     What events of the 1940’s and 1950’s laid the groundwork for the Civil Rights movement of the 1960’s?

 

 

2)     In what ways did the SNCC and its goals differ from the SCLC?

 

 

3)     How did the violent response to the Freedom Rides and the Birmingham Boycott aid the Civil Rights movement?

 

 

4)     What events forced both Kennedy and Johnson to move ahead with civil rights legislation?

 

 

5)     What new approach did Martin Luther King Jr. bring to the Civil Rights movement?

 

 

6)     What was the inspiration for his philosophy?

 

 

7)     What happened at a typical sit-in?

 

 

8)     What were the goals of the Freedom Rides?

 

 

9)     What was President Johnson’s role in passing civil rights legislation?

 

 

 

10)   What events spurred the passage of the Voting Rights Act?

 

 

Chapter 31: 1 & 5

Identify the following terms:

Geneva Conference

Viet Cong

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Escalation

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Tet Offensive

Paris peace  talks

Vietnamization

 

Identify the following names:

Lyndon B. Johnson

Ho Chi Minh

Robert McNamara

Henry Kissinger

 

Answer the following questions:

1)     How did the Vietnam war escalate under President Johnson?

 

 

2)     Why did the United States get more and more involved in the conflict in Vietnam?

 

 

3)     What do you think Johnson hoped to gain by authorizing bombing targets in North Vietnam in 1965?

 

 

4)     Why did President Nixon authorize the invasion of Cambodia in 1970?

 

 

5)     Why did the end of the Vietnam War come so slowly?

 

 

6)     What was the lasting impact of the war on Vietnam and on the United States?

 

 

Chapter 32: 4 The Watergate Scandal

 

Key terms/people

Watergate Scandal

Special prosecutor

Impeachment

Richard Nixon

The Plumbers

Bob Woodward

Carl Bernstein

James McCord

Archibald Cox

 

Questions:

 

1. Explain how the siege mentality at the White House led to illegal and unethical actions during the Nixon reelection campaign.

 

 

2. Describe the Watergate break-in and how the story of the Watergate scandal unfolded.

 

 

3. Why was the Watergate break-in such an important event?

 

 

4. What illegal actions did Nixon take in attempting to cover up the Watergate break-in?

 

5. Why did Nixon resign?

 

Chapter 33. 3-4

 

Key Terms/People:

Jimmy Carter

Shuttle diplomacy

Camp David Accords

Dissident

Iran Hostage Crisis

 

Questions to answer:

 

1. What were Jimmy Carter’s accomplishments in the Middle East?

 

 

2. How did Jimmy Carter’s administration handle the Soviet Union?

 

 

3. Describe the events that led to the Iran Hostage Crisis?

 

 

4. How did the crisis end?

 

 

5. Describe the economic instability facing the Carter administration.

 

 

6. List the elements of Carter’s energy policy

 

 

7. Why was it difficult for Carter to win public and congressional support for his energy program?

 

 

8. What domestic issues weakened Carter’s presidency?

 

 

 

Ch. 34.1-4

 

Key Terms/People:

1. Why did Ronald Reagan win the presidency in 1980?

 

 

2. Explain Reagan’s economic plan for the U.S. and how it differed from previous economic plans.

 

 

3. What actions did the Reagan administration take too implement his economic plan and what were the results?

 

 

4. How did Reagan propose to change the American government and why?

 

 

5. What steps did he take to achieve these goals?

 

 

6. What was “New Federalism” and how successful was it?

 

 

7. What was Reagan’s Cold War policy and what actions did it lead him to take?

 

 

8. Describe the U.S. economy during Reagan’s first term

 

 

9. In what ways were Reagan’s economic plans a success? In what ways a failure?

 

 

10. Why did Reagan win reelection by such a wide margin in 1984?

 

 

11. How did the Reagan administration influence the income of Americans during the 1980’s?

 

 

12. How successful were advocates of Civil Rights and Women’s rights during the Reagan years?

 

 

13. How did Reagan influence the Supreme Court during his presidency?

 

 

14. Describe the Iran-Contra affair.

 

 

15. To what extent was Reagan responsible for Iran-Contra? Explain.

 

 

16. How did Reagan handle relations with the Soviets during his second term?

 

 

17. Why was George Bush an “underdog” in the presidential campaign of 1988?

 

 

18. How did he overcome this problem?

 

 

19. Describe the role that events in Poland played in ending the Cold War.

 

 

20. Why and how did the Berlin Wall come down?

 

 

21. What role did Mikhail Gorbachev play in the collapse of the Soviet Union?

 

 

22. Why did Bush go to war with Iraq in 1991?

 

 

23. What were the results of the war?

 

 

24. Why did Bush lose his reelection bid in 1992?