S Nu'spic GrQm'lr
1. Grammar rules in Nuspic are similar to the grammar rules of standard English. Exceptions to these rules will be listed below.
2. Apostrophes are used to separate syllables. Vowels not separated by apostrophes are pronounced as a dipthong or trithong. Consonants not separated by apostrophes are pronounced as clusters. (The "ch" sound is now made by the cluster "tx" and the "j" sound is now made by the cluster "dj").
3. All nouns and pronouns that are plural are made plural through the use of the ending -es (if the word ends in a consonant) or -s (if the word ends in a vowel).
4. All possessive forms of nouns and pronouns are made by adding the ending -ai for singular forms and -ais for plural forms.
5. The personal pronouns of Nuspic are as follows:
|
Nominative |
Objective |
Possessive |
| 1st Person Singular |
mei |
mi |
mai |
| 1st Person Plural |
meis |
mis |
mais |
| 2nd Person Singular |
iei |
ii |
iai |
| 2nd Person Plural |
ieis |
iis |
iais |
| 3rd Person Singular (Masculine) |
hei |
hi |
hai |
| 3rd Person Singular (Feminine) |
xei |
xi |
xai |
| 3rd Person Singular (Neuter) |
tei |
ti |
tai |
| 3rd Person Plural |
teis |
tis |
tais |
6. Conjugations of verbs are as follows:
|
Prefix/Suffix |
| Present Indicative |
(no change) |
| Past Indicative |
-ed |
| Future Indicative |
uyl- |
| Present Perfect |
hQv-,-ed |
| Past Perfect |
hQv'ed-,-ed |
| Future Perfect |
uyl'hQv-,-ed |
| Present Imperfect |
bi-,-yng |
| Past Imperfect |
bi'ed-,-yng |
| Future Imperfect |
uyl'bi-,-yng |
| Imperative (informal- to a subordinate or a colleague) |
du- |
| Imperative (polite- to a superior) |
pliz'du- |
| Infinitive |
tu- |
7. The subjunctive mood is achieved through context rather than explicit verb conjugation.
8. Questions must be written in verb-subject-object form and followed by a question mark.