T*Chem reaction-formula w/ symbols & amounts of reactants and products.
T*Precipitate- solid substance created from a chem reaction.
T*Coefficient- small whole number that is infront of a formula in a chem equ. that tells the # of mol..
T*Word equ.-a chem equ where products and reactants are expressed as words.
T*Formula equ.- represents the reactants and products in a chem reaction by formulas or symbols.
T*Reversable reaction- chem. reaction where the products can reform the original reactants.
T*Synthesis/Composition Reaction- where 2+ substances combine to make 1.
T*Decomposition reaction- a single compound reacts to make 2+ simpler substances.
T*Electrolysis- the decomposition of a substance by an electric current.
T*Single-Replacement/Displacement Reaction- Where one element replaces another in compound.
T*Double-Replacement Reaction- when ions of 2 compunds exchange places
T*Combustion Reaction- when a substance combines with oxygen to make energy as heat & light.
T*Activity Series-list of elements organized according to the ease that they react.
T*Composition Stoichiometry- relationships of mass relationships in compounds.
T*Reaction Stoichiometry- mass relationships between reactants and products in reactions.
T*Mole-Raito-Convertion factor that relates the amounts in moles of anything in chem reaction.
*Formula known mol X (mol notknown / mol known) = amount unknown (mol)
*Formula to find mass of substance if know mol., multiply mol. by molarmass (periodic table)
*Formula mass known substance (g) X (1 / Molarmass given) X (mol unknown / mol given) = amount unknown substance (mol)
*Formula mass of given substance X (1 / molar mass given (g/mol)) X (mol unknown / mol given) X molar mass of unknown = mass of unknown substance (in g)
*TTheoretical yield- is the max amount of product that can be made from given reactants.
*TActual yield- what is really made in reaction
*TPercent yield- ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100.
*Formula Percent yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) X 100
*TKinetic-molecular theroy- is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion.
*T Ideal gas- is an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumtions of the kinetic-molecular theory.
*T Elastic collision- is one in wich there is no net loss of kinetic energy.
*Formula- kinetic energy = (1/2) X Mass X speed (to the power of 2)
*Note- a fluid is a liquid or gas that flow.
*T Diffusion- spontanious mixing of two substances by their random motion that is called Diffusion.
*T Effusion- process by witch gas particles pass trough a tiny opening.
*T Real gas- is a gas that does not behave completly according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory.
*Formula pressure = force / area
*T Pressure- is defined as the force per unit of area on a surface.
*Note Standard atmosphere (1 atm) is = to 1.013 X 25 X 10^5 Pa.
*T Newton- abbreavated N
*T Barometer- is a device to measure atmospheric pressure
*T mm of mercury- symbolized as mm Hg, pressure of 1 mm Hg is = to 1 Torr
*Note One atm is = to 760 mmHg or 1 Torr.
*T Pascalis = to 1 newton of force per square meter.
*Note Boyle's law- the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversly with the pressure at a constant pressure and tempurature.
*Formula Volume = constant (k) X (1/Pressure) or Pressure X volume = Constant.
*Formula New pressure = ((old pressure X old volume) / (new volume))
*Formula (old pressure X old volume) = (new pressure X new volume)
*T Absolute zero- lowest possable temperature, is -273.15 C
*Formula Degrees K = 273.15 + Degrees C
*T Carles law- thevolume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure directly with K temerature
*Formula Volume = k (Constant) X Kelven temp. OR (Volume / Kelven temp) = k (constant)
*Formula (old volume / old temp K = new volume / new temp K)
*T Gay-Lussac's Law- the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume variesdirectly with the kelven temperature.
*Formula Pressure = k (constant) X Temp K OR (Pressure / Temp K) = k constant
*T Combined gas law- shows the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. *Formula Pressure X Volume = k (constant)
*Formula (old pressure X old volume) / Temp K = (new pressure X new volume) / Temp K
*T Dalton's law of partial pressures- states that the total pressure of a mixture of gasses is = to the sums of all the partial pressures of other gases present.
*Formula (Total Pressure) = all added pressures.
*T Capillary action- the atraction of a liquid to the surface of a solid.
*T Vaporization- process when a liquid or solid turn into a gas
*T Evaporation- the process of a liquid turing into a gas with out it boiling.
*T Freezing or Solidification- is the process of a liquid truing into a solid because its heat energy is removed.
*T Crystalline solid- solid that consists of crystals.
*T Crystal- a substance where the particles are arranged in a orderly fasion.
*T Amorphous solid- a solid where the particles are aranged randomly.