138 JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES VOLUME 20

FIG. 3. Isopleths of X as a function of Y and Z (thin solid curves), and isopleths of the lower of two values of X, where two values occur (dashed curves), for approximate surfaces formed by all points on limiting trajectories. Heavy solid curve, and extensions as dotted curves, indicate natural boundaries of surfaces.
 

as one of two smooth single-valued functions over the remainder of the range. In Fig. 3 the thin solid lines are isopleths of X, and where two values of X exist, the dashed lines are isopleths of the lower value. Thus, within the limits of accuracy of the printed values, the trajectory is confined to a pair of surfaces which appear to merge in the lower portion of Fig. 3. The spiral about C lies in the upper surface, while the spiral about C' lies in the lower surface. Thus it is possible for the trajectory to pass back and forth from one spiral to the other without intersecting itself.
Additional numerical solutions indicate that other trajectories, originating at points well removed from these surfaces, soon meet these surfaces. The surfaces therefore appear to be composed of all points lying on limiting trajectories.
Because the origin represents a steady state, no trajectory can pass through it. However, two trajectories emanate from it, i.e., approach it asymptotically as r→- ∞. The heavy solid curve in Fig. 3, and its extensions as dotted curves, are formed by these two trajectories. Trajectories passing close to the origin will tend to follow the heavy curve, but will not cross it, so that the heavy curve forms a natural boundary to the region which a trajectory can ultimately occupy. The

holes near C and C' also represent regions which cannot be occupied after they have once been abandoned.
Returning to Fig. 2, we find that the trajectory apparently leaves one spiral only after exceeding some critical distance from the center. Moreover, the extent to which this distance is exceeded appears to determine the point at which the next spiral is entered; this in turn seems to determine the number of circuits to be executed before changing spirals again.
It therefore seems that some single feature of a given circuit should predict the same feature of the following circuit. A suitable feature of this sort is the maximum value of Z, which occurs when a circuit is nearly completed. Table 2 has again been prepared by the computer, and shows the values of X, Y, and Z at only those iterations N for which Z has a relative maximum. The succession of circuits about C and C' is indicated by the succession of positive and negative values of X and Y. Evidently X and Y change signs following a maximum which exceeds some critical value printed as about 385.
Fig. 4 has been prepared from Table 2. The abscissa is Mn , the value of the nth maximum of Z, while the ordinate is Mn+1, the value of the following maximum. Each point represents a pair of successive values of Z taken from Table 2. Within the limits of the round-off

 
     
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