5 ALL ABOUT PRINTING 
 
There are so many considerations to printing--especially since
you have your choice of printing either in the TEXT mode or the
FONT mode--that printing deserves its own chapter.  actually, two
chapters, since some of the more esoteric considerations are
addressed in Chapter 9. 
 
 
The Print Options Window 
 
 
To print a document, press [C= P] or [CRTL 9].  The Print Option
Window will appear. 
 
You can toggle between Y(es) or N(o) for Options A-I by pressing the
letter which appears at the left of each option.  To increase Options
J-O, press the letter that corresponds to that option.  To decrease,
hold down the [SHIFT] key and press the letter that corresponds to
that option. 
 
The most important option is "A) PRINT FONTS Y/N."  Y indicates
that you want print fonts, meaning that you want to be in FONT
rather than TEXT mode.  In FONT mode, Options B-D and J-N are
available.  In TEXT mode, all options are available.  In FONT mode
page length is either LT (letter -- 11 inches long) or LG (legal
 -- 14 inches long).  In TEXT mode, page length can be increased or
decreased from 1 - 99 lines (66 lines is an 11-inch page.) 
 
Since WW prints from disk in FONT mode, the selected font(s) and the
printer driver (DEFAULT.GRF) must be on the same disk.  If they are
not, one of the following messages will appear on the Status line: 
 
1) FILE NOT FOUND 
 
2) FONT NOT FOUND 
 
3) DRIVER NOT FOUND 
 
If the font is not found, refer to the "Installing Fonts" section
in Chapter 2 to install the correct font. 
 
In TEXT mode, you can print from the computer's memory.  In FONT
mode, you must print from disk.  You will be given an opportunity
to save your document to disk when you press [RETURN] to begin
printing in FONT mode if the document has not been saved already. 
 
Following is an explanation of each option in the order in which
they are listed.  To set an option, type the letter which appears
to the left of it. 
 
 
Print Fonts [A] 
 
This is a simple Yes/No choice.  Press [A] to toggle between "Y"
for FONT mode and "N" for TEXT mode. 
 
 
Number Pages [B] 
 
If you want the printer to number the pages of your document without
setting up a footer, press [B] and the Number Pages option will
toggle from N(o) to Y(es).  If you want to change the number and
[SHIFT N] to decrease the number.  This method of page numbering
places a simple number at the bottom center of each page.  More
advanced page numbering can be accomplished using Header or Footers.
A footer will override this page number option.  In either case,
you must have a bottom margin, or you page number will not print. 
 
 
Blank Screen [C] 
 
This is a Yes/No choice.  Press [C] to blank the screen while
printing.  Choosing this option will speed up the printing
process, especially in FONT mode. 
 
 
Eject a Page [D] 
 
If you want your printer to kick out the blank lines on the
last page of your document (in TEXT or FONT mode), set Eject
Page to Y.  This will keep your paper aligned for your next
printing.  If you want the printer to simply stop when it finishes
printing, set Eject Page to N.  If you have used a footer or
page numbering, then WORD WRITER will always eject the blank
lines. 
 
 
Linefeed [E] 
 
If your printer requires linefeeds, press [E].  See you printer
manual for information on linefeeds.  FONT mode does not use this
option. 
 
 
Normal ASCII [F] 
 
If you printer requires normal ASCII characters, you must set
this option for Y(es).  To change this option to No (on a
Commodore printer), press [F].  For more information on ASCII
characters and you printer, consult your printer and interface
manuals.  The option is pre-set when you install your printer and
probably won't need to be changed.  It is not significant in FONT
mode, however. 
 
 
Linked Print [G] 
 
Linking is a check mark function.  If you have entered [CkMk N]
commands in your document, make sure all the fits you plan to
link together are on the same WORK disk and they each need to
begin with a margin check mark command. 
 
 
SAVE YOUR FILE BEFORE PRINTING!  If any changes have been made
to the document, WW won't begin printing until the file has been
saved. 
 
Press [C= P] to bring up the PRINT menu, and set option G, Linked
Print to Y(es).  When doing a linked print, you cannot be in FONT
mode, merge names or do multiple copies, but all other options
are available. 
 
For details on entering the check mark command, see "Linked
Printing" in Chapter 4. 
 
 
Merge Names [H] 
 
In TEXT mode, press [H] to set this option to Y(es) when you want
to merge name from an address list into your document.  When you
press [RETURN] to print, you will be prompted for the name of
your address list, and the line number where the address should
be inserted.  You must leave the blank lines in the letter where
the name and address will be inserted. 
 
A full description of this advanced feature can be found in
Chapter 8. 
 
 
Sheet Feed [I] 
 
You'll need this option if you are using a printer with single
sheet friction feed.  From the PRINTER OPTIONS menu ([C= P] or
[CTRL 9], press [I] to toggle Y(es).  This option is not available
in FONT mode. 
 
 
Open 4,4,? [J] 
 
Use Option J to set the secondary address for your printer
interface.  (The interface provides a connection between your
computer and your printer.)  This option is set when you install
your printer and probably won't need to be changed. 
 
To change the secondary address in the Print window, press [J].
The number on the right side of the window will increase.  To
decrease the number, press [SHIFT J].  Keep pressing the [J] key
until the number you want appears in the window.  You a choice on
numbers from 0 to 99.  COMMODORE PRINTER OWNERS: This option should
be 7. 
 
------------------- 
NOTE FOR COMMODORE MPS1000 PRINTER OWNERS: 
WW only supports the MPS1000 printer in IBM mode.  At the Print
window, press [SHIFT J] for the option OPEN 4,4,? until it reads
99.  This sets the correct secondary address for the MPS1000 printer.
Press [F] to select Y(es) for NORMAL ASCII.  Press [E] to set
LINEFEED to Y(es).  Dip switches 1 and 3 on the printer should be
ON and all others should be OFF. 
------------------- 
 
If your printer has trouble operating with WW (for example, if it
will only print in capital letters or graphics), your interface
may use a different secondary address.  The table following shows
some common interfaces and their secondary addresses: 
 
 
Interface          Sec Add   Dip Switch Settings                                
  
---------          -------   ------------------- 
Axiom Parallel        5      For the Cardco                                     
                             PS model Cardco (all             
                             models) only, set                  
                             Switch 2 at the                                
                             closed position. 
 
Easy Print 302        7      Switch 3 ON; and 302C                              
                             switches 1,2,            
                             and 4 OFF. 
 
Easy Print Graphics   5      Set switches Micro Word 350                        
                             1, 2, and 3 for         
                             your printer; switch                     
                             4 OFF; switch 5 ON;                       
                             switch 6 OFF. 
 
Grappler              7      Switches 1 and 2                                   
                             OFF; switches 6, 7                               
                             and 8 must be set                         
                             for your printer. 
 
Turbo Print GTC       5      Switch 1 ON;                                       
                             switches 3 and 4              
                             must be set for your                   
                             printer. 
 
Tymac                 6      Switch 1 and 2 in                                  
                             the lower right face             
                             of the interface                          
                             (under paper) must                       
                             be closed. 
 
U Print               1      N/A. 
 
Xetec GPI             5      Switches 1, 2,                                     
                             and 3 OFF; Switches                           
                             A, B and C must be                        
                             set for your printer. 
 
Xetec JR              5      Switches 2, 3,                                     
                             and 4 ON; switch 8 OFF. 
 
Xetec                 5      Switches 3 and 4 Supergraphics                     
                             ON; switch 8               
                             OFF. Set switches 1                            
                             and 2 to the font you                        
                             want to use. 
------------------------------------------------- 
 
In general, your interface must be set for transparent mode.  For
more information on secondary addresses and dip switch settings,
see you interface manual. 
 
 
Top and Bottom Margins [K] and [L] 
 
Top and bottom margins are also set from the PRINTER OPTIONS
menu.  Each is set at 4.  In TEXT mode it is the number of lines
in the margin.  In FONT mode, this represents one tenth on an inch.
For example, 5 would be one half inch (5/10 = 1/2).  You may need
to adjust these values as you change between modes.  To increase
the number in the top margin, press [K]; To decrease, press [SHIFT
K].  To increase the number in the bottom margin, press [L]; to
decrease, press [SHIFT L]. 
 
In FONT mode, headers and footers are centered in the margin if
there is sufficient room.  See Headers, Entering. 
 
 
Page Length, Changing [M] 
 
Your options vary depending on whether you are in FONT mode or
TEXT mode. 
 
Font mode - If Y(es) arrears after Option A (PRINT FONTS), you
are in FONT mode.  In FONT mode, you select between letter
length (11 inches) and legal length (14 inches).  Press [M] to
toggle between LT (letter and LG (legal). 
 
Text mode - If N(o) appears after Option A (PRINT FONTS), you
are in TEXT mode.  To increase the page length from 66 lines,
press [M].  To decrease page length, press [SHIFT M].  The actual
number of text lines printed per page can be determined by this
formula: text lines=page length - (top margin + bottom margin). 
 
 
Number from [N] 
 
Use this option to set the starting page number for your
document. 
 
 
Number of Copies [O] 
 
Use this option to tell WW how many copies of your document you
want to print.  From the Printer Options Window ([C= P] or
[CRTL 9]), press [O] and the number on the right side of the
window will increase through 99.  To decrease the number, press
[SHIFT O].  This option is not available in FONT mode. 
 
 
Print Preview [F1] 
 
To preview your document on the screen before it is printed,
press [F1] while in the PRINTER OPTIONS window.  Preview will
work in either TEXT or FONT mode, but will not display fonts.
The first 80 columns of you text will be displayed (including
the left margin).  Any text that you have assigned to printer
code 1 (underlining) will be underlined on your screen.  All
other text that you have assigned to other printer codes will
appear highlighted.  To pause the Print Preview mode, press the
[SPACBAR] key.  Then, press any other key to start again.  To exit
this mode, press [RUN/STOP].  You will exit to you document.  In
FONT MODE, since lines often contain more then eighty character,
WW will not include the left margin.  Everything will arrear left
aligned.  Also in FONT mode, pagination, headers and footers will
not display. 
 
The Print Preview mode requires 11K of free memory.  If you do
not have enough memory available, this function will not work. 
 
 
Draft Printing [SHIFT RETURN] 
 
Some printers support a draft print function in WW.  Draft
printing is faster than FONT mode printing and can be used to
preview the layout of your document prior to printer in the
high-quality FONT mode.  At the Printer Options Window, press
[SHIFT RETURN] for draft printing.  If your printer does not
support WW's Draft printing function, you'll see the message,
"DRIVER NOT FOUND."  In this case, use FONT and TEXT printing
only. 
 
 
 
 
Unraveling the Mystery of Your Printer 
 
All of us would like to use all of our printer's special
features without first learning about our printer.  But given
the variations among printer, that's virtually impossible.  We'd
like to help you learn about your printer as quickly and
painlessly as possible so you can apply that knowledge to your
work with WW. 
 
 
Using Special Printer Features in FONT Mode 
 
When you send a document to your printer in FONT mode, WW does all
of the work, telling the printer precisely which dot to print in
order to "draw" the characters correctly, based on the chosen font.
This includes all of the text enhancements like underlining, bold
italics, superscript and subscript.  These too are created by WW
and sent to the printer - regardless of whether or not the printer
itself supports these functions. 
 
Because each individual dot is controlled by WW, much more
information is being sent to the printer in FONT mode than in TEXT
mode.  Consequently, printer takes longer.  Although addressing each
individual dot of every character sounds very complex, WW is in
complete control - once you tell it what printer is connected, you
simply sit back and enjoy the results. 
 
 
Using Special Printer Features in TEXT Mode 
 
Even in TEXT mode, the computer does not really send the
document as you see it on your screen.  The printer would not
recognize the letters that you have typed in.  Instead your
printer understands numbers from 0 to 255.  For example, when
 you tell it to print "hello," the computer actually send a
numbered code that represents that work "hello": 
 
72, 69, 76, 76, 79 
 
These numbers represent a code called ASCII (American Standard
Code for Information Interchange, pronounced ASK'ee).  Each
character that your printer prints has its own ASCII code.
Fortunately, you only need to type a word like "hello" and your
printer does the rest. 
 
Control Codes 
 
Although most of the ASCII codes tell the printer to print a
letter or a number in TEXT mode, there are other numbers or
groups of numbers that tell the printer to print in a certain
way, such as italic, boldface and underlining.  These numbers,
which are sometimes referred to as "control codes" or "printer
codes,"  usually very from printer to printer. 
 
Somewhere in your printer manual, you should find a chart
containing control codes for all of the special functions that your
printer can perform.  If a desired style is not listed in your
printer manual, your printer probably does not support that style. 
 
 
The ESCAPE Code 
 
If you don't have a Commodore printer, one very important code
that you should become familiar with is the ESCAPE (ESC) code.
The ESC code is ASCII code 27.  This code tells the printer that
the number(s) that will follow represent a control code not a
printable character (e.g., Boldface on an Epson: ON 27, 71; OFF 27,
71). 
 
 
How to Read Your Printer Manual 
 
So now you confidently grab your printer manual, flip to the
section on control codes - and as you look at the page of
printer codes, you may become totally confused because you're
faced with something that looks like this: 
 
                      Character   Hex     Decimal 
Underline ON          ESC"-"1     2D,01   45,1 
Underline OFF         ESC"-"0     2D,00   45,0 
 
There are three basic things to keep in mind: 
 
1) Disregard any information labeled "Hex" or "Hexadecimal." 
 
2) The only information to be concerned with is in the
"Character" or "Decimal" columns. 
 
3) The ESC code is often shown only one of these columns, but
it must be entered before the values shown in the "Decimal"
column, even if your printer manual does not show this
specifically. 
 
Refer back to Printer Codes, Defining and Printer Codes
(Entering Style Tokens) in Chapter 4 for the procedures to use
in applying this information to WORD WRITER. 
 
 
Helpful Printing Hints 
 
Printing can be an art - or the most frustrating part of using
a word processor.  The two most common trouble spots involve the
number of printable lines on a page and the correct paper
alignment. 
 
 
The Number of "Printable Lines" on a Page 
 
The number of printable lines is the actual number of lines on a
page to which the printer's print head can be aligned to print a
line of text.  For the following explanations let us assume you
are using paper that is a standard 11 inches long, and that your
printer is set to print at a very common setting of six lines per
inch.  This yields 66 lines in TEXT mode - although in some cases
these will not all be "printable" lines.  We'll get to that in a
moment. 
 
 
Correct Paper Alignment in the Printer 
 
Correct paper alignment refers to the positioning of the paper
in the printer such that the printer's print head is set to print
on the first printable line.  The first printable line varies,
depending on whether you are using tractor-feed or sheet-feed
printing methods. 
 
Here's how they relate: 
 
Tractor Feed Alignment - If you are using continuous tractor feed
paper, the first printable line is the one immediately after the
perforation.  On most printers, correct paper alignment is
impossible on the first physical page of continuous paper.  You
must advance the paper to the second page and align the print head
right after the perforation.  There are 66 printable lines.
In TEXT mode, you should set the page length at 66 in the Print
Options Window. 
 
Sheet Feed Alignment - Laser printers and printers with automatic
sheet feeders will position the paper automatically, but may not
be able to print all 66 lines. 
 
If you are manually inserting each page into the printer, you
probably cannot position that print head to the top of the paper
- more like an inch of so down.  This is not a problem, just make
sure you stay consistent with where you position the paper on each
sheet.  You definitely don't have 66 printable lines, and you'll
need to adjust the page length in the Print Options Window to a
lesser value. 
 
 
Removing Font Style Tokens 
 
If you want to remove all of the font and style tokens from within
a document, simply switch to OUTLINE mode [F5] and load the
document.  Without changing anything, save the file.  It will be
stripped of all font and style tokens. 
 
 
Saving Installed Font Tables 
 
WORD WRITER normally saves the table of installed fonts along with
the document.  If you set up a document with different fonts
installed, anytime that document is loaded, its font table will
replace the current one.  There are two ways to get the orginal
settings back: 
 
1) Default Font Document - If you have a set of fonts you use
often, set up the fonts, create a blank document and then save it
with a name like font.table.  When you need this set of fonts, load
the blank font.table file and your default fonts are immediately
available.  Enter you text and save the file with a new, different
name.  You can create many default documents (each with different
names) with font sets for various purposes. 
 
2) Merging the file - The file will be "loaded," but the font
table information will not.  This is useful if you want to look
at a file but do not want to disrupt the existing font
information.  (If you try to print, the existing font table
information will be used.)
 
