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A
abduction (Peter Achinstein)
Abelard [Abailard], Peter (Peter King)
Abner of Burgos (Charles Manekin)
Abrabanel, Judah (Aaron Hughes)
abstract objects (Gideon Rosen)
Academy, Plato's (Wolfgang Mann)
accidental properties -- see essential vs. accidental properties
action (George Wilson)
logic of -- see logic: action
action at a distance -- see quantum mechanics: action at a distance in
actualism (Christopher Menzel)
adaptation (Steven Orzack)
Adorno, Theodor (Lambert Zuidervaart)
Aegidius Romanus -- see Giles of Rome
Aenesidemus -- see skepticism: ancient
aesthetics
aesthetic judgment (Nick Zangwill)
Beardsley (Michael Wreen)
British, in the 18th century (James Shelley)
feminist -- see feminist (interventions): aesthetics
French, in the 18th century (Jacques Morizot)
German, in the 18th century (Paul Guyer)
Goodman (Alessandro Giovannelli)
Hume -- see Hume, David: aesthetics
in African Philosophy -- see African Philosophy: aesthetics
Plato -- see Plato: aesthetics
Schopenhauer (Alex Neill)
Wittgenstein -- see Wittgenstein, Ludwig: aesthetics
affirmative action (Robert Fullinwider)
African Philosophy
aesthetics (Ifeanyi Menkiti)
ethnophilosophy (Barry Hallen)
in Anglophone Africa (Barry Hallen)
philosophy of religion (Elias Bongmba)
sage philosophy (Dismas Masolo)
Afro-Caribbean Philosophy (Paget Henry)
afterlife (William Hasker)
agent-relative vs. agent-neutral reasons -- see reasons: agent-neutral vs. agent-relative
agnosticism -- see atheism and agnosticism
Agrippa -- see skepticism: ancient
Agrippa von Nettesheim, Cornelius (Wolf-Dieter Mueller-Jahncke)
Akan Philosophy
of the person (Ajume Wingo)
Albert of Saxony (Jo�l Biard)
Albert the Great [= Albertus magnus] (Markus F�hrer)
Albo, Joseph (Dror Ehrlich)
Alcmaeon (Carl Huffman)
Alexander of Aphrodisias (Dorothea Frede)
algebra (Vaughan Pratt)
alternative axiomatic theories -- see set theory
altruism
biological (Samir Okasha)
Alyngton, Robert (Alessandro Conti)
Ammonius (David Blank)
Ammonius Saccas -- see Plotinus
analogy
medieval theories of (E. Jennifer Ashworth)
analysis (Michael Beaney)
analytic/synthetic distinction (Georges Rey)
anaphora (Jeffrey C. King)
Anaxagoras (Patricia Curd)
Anaxarchus -- see Pyrrho
animal consciousness -- see consciousness: animal
animals, moral status of (Lori Gruen)
anomalous monism (Steven Yalowitz)
Anselm, Saint [Anselm of Bec, Anselm of Canterbury] (Thomas Williams)
anti-realism, moral -- see moral anti-realism
Antiochus of Ascalon (James Allen)
a posteriori knowledge -- see a priori justification and knowledge
appearance vs. reality
epistemological problems of perception -- see perception: epistemological problems of
skepticism -- see skepticism
a priori justification and knowledge (Robin Jeshion)
Aquinas, Saint Thomas (Ralph McInerny and John O'Callaghan)
moral and political philosophy (John Finnis)
Arcesilaus (Charles Brittain)
Archytas (Carl Huffman)
Arendt, Hannah (Roy Tsao)
arete -- see ethics: ancient
Aristotelianism
in the Renaissance (Heinrich Kuhn)
Aristotle (Christopher Shields)
biology (James Lennox)
causality (Andrea Falcon)
ethics (Richard Kraut)
logic (Robin Smith)
mathematics (Henry Mendell)
metaphysics (S. Marc Cohen)
on non-contradiction (Paula Gottlieb)
physics (Istvan Bodnar)
poetics (Richard Janko)
political theory (Fred Miller)
psychology (Christopher Shields)
rhetoric (Christof Rapp)
Aristotle, commentators on (Andrea Falcon)
artifact (Risto Hilpinen)
artificial intelligence (Selmer Bringsjord)
logic and (Richmond Thomason)
assertion (Peter Pagin)
Astell, Mary (Alice Sowaal)
atheism and agnosticism (J. J. C. Smart)
atomism
ancient (Sylvia Berryman)
atomism, 17th to 20th century (Alan Chalmers)
attributes -- see properties
Augustine, Saint (Michael Mendelson)
relation to Greek philosophy (Charles Brittain)
Auriol [Aureol, Aureoli], Peter (Russell L. Friedman)
Austin, John (Brian Bix)
authority (Tom Christiano)
legal -- see legal obligation and authority
automated reasoning -- see reasoning: automated
autonomy
in moral and political philosophy (John Christman)
personal (Sarah Buss)
Avicebron (Ibn Gabirol) (Sarah Pessin)
Ayer, Alfred Jules (Graham Macdonald)
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B
Bacon, Francis (Juergen Klein)
Bacon, Roger (Jeremiah Hackett)
Bain, Alexander -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
basing relation, epistemic (Keith Allen Korcz)
Baudrillard, Jean (Douglas Kellner)
Bauer, Bruno (Douglas Moggach)
Bayes' Theorem (James Joyce)
Bayle, Pierre (Thomas M. Lennon)
Beardsley, Monroe C.
aesthetics -- see aesthetics: Beardsley
Beattie, James -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Beauvoir, Simone de (Debra Bergoffen)
behaviorism (George Graham)
being -- see existence
being and becoming -- see time
in modern physics -- see space and time: being and becoming in modern physics
belief (Eric Schwitzgebel)
Bell's Theorem (Abner Shimony)
Bergson, Henri (Leonard Lawlor and Valentine Moulard)
Berkeley, George (Lisa Downing)
Berlin, Isaiah (Joshua Cherniss and Henry Hardy)
Bessarion, Basil [Cardinal] (John Monfasani)
binarium famosissimum [= most famous pair] (Paul Vincent Spade)
biodiversity -- see ecology: biodiversity
biological information -- see information: biological
biology
conservation -- see conservation biology
molecular -- see molecular biology
notion of individual (Jack Wilson)
notion of self (Alfred Tauber)
teleological notions in -- see teleology: teleological notions in biology
biology, philosophy of (Sahotra Sarkar and Paul Griffiths)
feminist -- see feminist (interventions): philosophy of biology
Blair, Hugh -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Bodin, Jean (Mario Turchetti)
body -- see substance
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (John Marenbon)
Bolzano, Bernard (Edgar Morscher)
Bonaventure, Saint (Tim Noone and Rollen Edward Houser)
Boole, George (Sriram Nambiar)
Boolean algebra
the mathematics of (J. Donald Monk)
Bosanquet, Bernard (William Sweet)
boundary (Achille Varzi)
Boyle, Robert (J. J. MacIntosh)
Bradley, Francis Herbert (Stewart Candlish)
brains in a vat (Tony Brueckner)
Brentano, Franz (Wolfgang Huemer)
theory of judgement (Johannes Brandl)
Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan (Mark van Atten)
Brown, Thomas -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Bruno, Giordano (Dilwyn Knox)
Buber, Martin (Michael Zank)
bundle theory -- see substance
Buridan, John [Jean] (Jack Zupko)
Burke, Edmund (Ian Harris)
Burley [Burleigh], Walter (Alessandro Conti)
Burnet, James [Lord Monboddo] -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Butler, Joseph
moral philosophy (Nicholas Sturgeon)
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C
Caird, Edward -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Callicles and Thrasymachus (Rachel Barney)
Cambridge Platonists (Sarah Hutton)
Campanella, Tommaso (Germana Ernst)
Campbell, George -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Carnap, Rudolf (Hannes Leitgeb)
Carneades (James Allen)
Caspi, Joseph (Hannah Kasher)
Cassirer, Ernst (Michael Friedman)
casuistry -- see reasoning: moral
categories (Amie Thomasson)
medieval theories of (Llyod Newton)
category theory (Jean-Pierre Marquis)
causation
backward (Jan Faye)
causal processes (Phil Dowe)
counterfactual theories of (Peter Menzies)
in the law (Antony Honor�)
and manipulability (James Woodward)
medieval theories of (Graham White)
mental -- see mental causation
the metaphysics of (Jonathan Schaffer)
probabilistic (Christopher Hitchcock)
censorship -- see pornography: and censorship
change (Chris Mortensen)
chaos (Robert Bishop)
character, moral (Marcia Homiak)
character/trait (Manfred Laubichler)
Chatton, Walter (Rondo Keele)
chemistry, philosophy of (Andrea I. Woody and Jeff Ramsey)
childhood, the philosophy of (Gareth Matthews)
children, philosophy for (Michael Pritchard)
Chinese room argument (David Cole)
Christian theology, philosophy and (Michael Murray)
Church-Turing Thesis (B. Jack Copeland)
Church's Thesis -- see Church-Turing Thesis
citizenship (Dominique Leydet)
civil rights (Andrew Altman)
Clarke, Samuel (Ezio Vailati)
Clement of Alexandria -- see doxography of ancient philosophy
Cockburn, Catharine Trotter (Patricia Sheridan)
coercion (Scott Anderson)
cognitive science (Paul Thagard)
cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism, moral (Mark van Roojen)
Cohen, Hermann (Lanier Anderson)
Collingwood, Robin George (Giuseppina D'Oro)
Collins, Anthony (William Uzgalis)
color (Barry Maund)
common knowledge (Peter Vanderschraaf)
communitarianism (Daniel Bell)
comparative philosophy
Chinese and Western (David Wong)
compatibilism (Michael McKenna)
composition, the vagueness of -- see many, problem of
compositionality (Zolt�n Gendler Szab�)
computability and complexity (Neil Immerman)
computational theory of mind -- see mind: computational theory of
computer ethics
basic concepts and historical overview (Terrell Bynum)
computing
modern history of (B. Jack Copeland)
and moral responsibility (Kari Gwen Coleman)
concepts (Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence)
conclusion, repugnant -- see repugnant conclusion
condemnation of 1277 (Hans Thijssen)
Condillac, �tienne Bonnot de (Lorne Falkenstein)
conditionals (Dorothy Edgington)
counterfactual (Peter Menzies)
logic of -- see logic: conditionals
confirmation (Branden Fitelson)
Confucius (Jeffrey Riegel)
connectionism (James Garson)
conscience
medieval theories of (Douglas Langston)
consciousness (Robert Van Gulick)
animal (Colin Allen)
higher-order theories (Peter Carruthers)
and intentionality (Charles Siewert)
representational theories of (William Lycan)
self- -- see self-consciousness
unity of (Andrew Brook)
consequence relations and algebraic logic (Ramon Jansana)
consequentialism (Walter Sinnott-Armstrong)
rule (Brad Hooker)
conservation biology (Sahotra Sarkar)
constitutionalism (Wil Waluchow)
constructive type theory -- see type theory: constructive
constructivism
moral and political (Andrew Williams)
contextualism, epistemic (Jason Stanley)
continuant -- see change
continuity and infinitesimals (John L. Bell)
contractarianism (Ann Cudd)
contracts, theories of (Jody Kraus)
contractualism (Elizabeth Ashford and Simon Caney)
contradiction (Laurence R. Horn)
Conway, Lady Anne (Sarah Hutton)
Copernicus, Nicolaus (Sheila Rabin)
Cordemoy, Geraud de (Fred Ablondi)
cosmological argument (Bruce Reichenbach)
cosmology
methodological debates in the 1930s and 1940s (George Gale)
cosmopolitanism (Pauline Kleingeld and Eric Brown)
counterfactuals -- see conditionals: counterfactual
counterpart theory -- see possible objects
Crathorn, William (Jack Zupko and Aur�lien Robert)
creationism (Michael Ruse)
criminal law, theories of (Antony Duff)
critical theory (James Bohman)
Cudworth, Ralph -- see Cambridge Platonists
cultural evolution -- see evolution: cultural
Culverwell, Nathaniel -- see Cambridge Platonists
Curry's paradox (JC Beall)
Cusanus, Nicolaus [Nicolas of Cusa] (Peter Casarella)
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D
Damian, Peter (Toivo J. Holopainen)
Dante Alighieri (Winthrop Wetherbee)
Daoism -- see Taoism
Darwinism (James Lennox)
Dasein -- see Heidegger, Martin
Daud, Abraham Ibn -- see Ibn Daud, Abraham
David (Christian Wildberg)
Davidson, Donald (Jeff Malpas)
death (Steven Luper)
de Beauvoir, Simone -- see Beauvoir, Simone de
decision theory
causal (James Joyce)
definition (Anil Gupta)
Deleuze, Gilles (Daniel Smith)
Delmedigo, Elijah (Jacob Ross)
democracy (Tom Christiano)
Democritus (Sylvia Berryman)
demonstration
Aristotle's theory of -- see Aristotle: logic
medieval theories of (John Longeway)
demonstratives -- see indexicals
denotation -- see reference
dependence, ontological (E. Jonathan Lowe)
Derrida, Jacques (Leonard Lawlor)
Descartes
physics (Edward Slowik)
Descartes, Ren� (Alan Nelson)
epistemology (Lex Newman)
ethics (Donald Rutherford)
life and works (Kurt Smith)
modal metaphysics (David Cunning)
ontological argument (Lawrence Nolan)
and the pineal gland (Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
descriptions (Peter Ludlow)
desert (Owen McLeod)
Desgabets, Robert (Patricia Easton)
determinates vs. determinables (David H. Sanford)
determinism
ancient theories of -- see freedom: ancient theories of
causal (Carl Hoefer)
developmental biology (Lenny Moss and Paul Griffiths)
epigenesis and preformationism (Jane Maienschein)
evolution and development (Jason Scott Robert)
Dewey, John
moral philosophy (Elizabeth Anderson)
political philosophy (Matthew Festenstein)
diagrams (Sun-Joo Shin and Oliver Lemon)
Dialectical School (Susanne Bobzien)
dialetheism [dialethism] (Graham Priest)
Dietrich of Freiburg (Markus F�hrer)
Diodorus Cronus (Susanne Bobzien)
Diogenes Laertius -- see doxography of ancient philosophy
Dionysius the Areopagite -- see Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
dirty hands (C.A.J. (Tony) Coady)
disjunction (Ray Jennings)
dispositions (Michael Fara)
distributive justice -- see justice: distributive
diversity
religious -- see religious diversity
divine, concepts of the (William Wainwright)
divine command theory -- see voluntarism, theological
divine illumination (Robert Pasnau)
doing vs. allowing harm (Frances Howard-Snyder)
double effect, doctrine of (Alison McIntyre)
doxography of ancient philosophy (Jaap Mansfeld)
dualism (Howard Robinson)
Dunbar, James -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Duns Scotus, John (Thomas Williams)
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E
Eckhart, Meister -- see Meister Eckhart
ecology (Sahotra Sarkar)
biodiversity (Daniel P. Faith)
conservation biology -- see conservation biology
economics, philosophy of (Daniel M. Hausman)
economics and economic justice (Marc Fleurbaey)
Edwards, Jonathan (William Wainwright)
egalitarianism (Richard Arneson)
egoism (Robert Shaver)
Einstein, Albert
Einstein-Bohr debates (Don A. Howard)
the hole argument -- see space and time: the hole argument
philosophy of science (Don A. Howard)
Elias (Christian Wildberg)
emergent properties (Timothy O'Connor and Hong Yu Wong)
Emerson, Ralph Waldo (Russell Goodman)
emotion (Ronald de Sousa)
religious (Robert Roberts)
emotions
17th and 18th century theories of (Amy M. Schmitter)
Empedocles (Richard Parry)
empiricism -- see rationalism vs. empiricism
entailment -- see logical consequence
environmentalism (Andrew Light)
envy (Justin D'Arms)
Epictetus (Anthony Long)
Epicurus (David Konstan)
epiphenomenalism (William Robinson)
episteme and techne [= scientific knowledge and expertise] (Richard Parry)
epistemic basing relation -- see basing relation, epistemic
epistemic closure principle (Steven Luper)
epistemic paradoxes (Roy Sorensen)
epistemology (Matthias Steup)
Bayesian (William Talbott)
contextualism in -- see contextualism, epistemic
evolutionary (Michael Bradie and William Harms)
feminist -- see feminist (interventions): epistemology and philosophy of science
moral -- see moral epistemology
naturalized (Richard Feldman)
social (Alvin Goldman)
virtue (John Greco)
epsilon calculus (Jeremy Avigad and Richard Zach)
equality (Stefan Gosepath)
of opportunity (Richard Arneson)
equivalence of mass and energy (Francisco Flores)
Erasmus, Desiderius (Marc van der Poel)
Eriugena, John Scottus (Dermot Moran)
essentialism -- see essential vs. accidental properties
essential vs. accidental properties (Teresa Robertson)
eternity (Paul Helm)
ethics
ancient (Richard Parry)
business (Alexei Marcoux)
computer -- see computer ethics: basic concepts and historical overview
environmental (Andrew Brennan and Yeuk-Sze Lo)
feminist -- see feminist (interventions): ethics
natural law tradition (Mark Murphy)
and personal identity -- see personal identity: and ethics
utilitarian -- see consequentialism
virtue (Rosalind Hursthouse)
ethics, applied
phenomenological approaches to ethics and information technology -- see information technology: phenomenological approaches to ethics and
ethics, morality and practical reason -- see morality and practical reason
eudaimonia -- see ethics: ancient
euthanasia
voluntary (Robert Young)
events (Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
evidence (Thomas Kelly)
evil, problem of (Michael Tooley)
evolution (Phillip Sloan)
cultural (William Wimsatt)
evolutionary game theory -- see game theory: evolutionary
evolutionary psychology -- see sociobiology
exemplification -- see predication and instantiation
existence (Barry Miller)
existentialism (Steven Crowell)
experimentation
in physics -- see physics: experiment in
explanation
scientific -- see scientific explanation
exploitation (Alan Wertheimer)
extrinsic -- see intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties
Ezra, Abraham Ibn -- see Ibn Ezra, Abraham
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F
Fackenheim, Emil (Michael Morgan)
facts (Kevin Mulligan and Fabrice Correia)
fallacies -- see logic: informal
fatalism (Hugh Rice)
federalism (Andreas F�llesdal)
feminism, approaches to (Nancy Tuana)
analytic philosophy (Ann Garry)
continental philosophy (Ann Cahill)
intersections between analytic and continental philosophy (Georgia Warnke)
intersections between pragmatist and continental philosophy (Shannon Sullivan)
pragmatism (Judy Whipps)
feminist (interventions)
aesthetics (Carolyn Korsmeyer)
bioethics (Anne Donchin)
environmental philosophy (Karen Warren)
epistemology and philosophy of science (Elizabeth Anderson)
ethics (Rosemarie Tong)
history of philosophy (Charlotte Witt)
metaphysics (Sally Haslanger)
philosophy of biology (Carla Fehr)
philosophy of language (Jennifer Saul)
philosophy of religion (Nancy Frankenberry)
feminist (topics) (Sally Haslanger and Nancy Tuana)
perspectives on class and work (Ann Ferguson)
perspectives on power (Amy Allen)
perspectives on reproduction and the family (Debra Satz)
perspectives on science (Alison Wylie and Elizabeth Potter)
perspectives on sex markets (Laurie Shrage)
perspectives on sexuality (Nancy Tuana)
perspectives on the self (Diana Meyers)
Ferguson, Adam -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Ferrier, James -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas (Van A. Harvey)
Feyerabend, Paul (John Preston)
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (Dan Breazeale)
Ficino, Marsilio (Michael Allen)
fiction (Fred Kroon)
fictionalism (Matti Eklund)
modal (Daniel Nolan)
fideism (Richard Amesbury)
film, philosophy of (Thomas Wartenberg)
Fitch's paradox of knowability (Berit Brogaard and Joe Salerno)
fitness (Alexander Rosenberg and Frederic Bouchard)
folk psychology
as mental simulation (Robert M. Gordon)
as a theory (Ian Ravenscroft)
foreknowledge, divine -- see free will: divine foreknowledge and
Forms [Platonic] -- see Plato: middle period metaphysics and epistemology
Foucault, Michel (Gary Gutting)
four dimensionalism -- see temporal parts
frame problem (Murray Shanahan)
Francis of Marchia (Christopher Schabel)
freedom
ancient theories of (Susanne Bobzien)
divine (William Rowe)
of speech (David van Mill)
free rider problem (Russell Hardin)
free will (Timothy O'Connor)
(nondeterministic) theories of -- see incompatibilism: (nondeterministic) theories of free will
divine foreknowledge and (Linda Zagzebski)
Frege, Gottlob (Edward N. Zalta)
logic, theorem, and foundations for arithmetic (Edward N. Zalta)
friendship (Bennett Helm)
function
in biology -- see teleology: teleological notions in biology
recursive (Piergiorgio Odifreddi)
functionalism (Janet Levin)
future contingents
medieval theories of (Simo Knuuttila)
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G
Gadamer, Hans-Georg (Jeff Malpas)
Galileo Galilei (Peter Machamer)
game theory (Don Ross)
and ethics (Bruno Verbeek and Christopher Morris)
evolutionary (J. McKenzie Alexander)
Gassendi, Pierre (Saul Fisher)
gene (Hans-J�rg Rheinberger and Staffan M�ller-Wille)
generalized quantifiers (Dag Westerst�hl)
general relativity
early philosophical interpretations of (Thomas A. Ryckman)
genetics (Ken Waters)
evolutionary (Michael Wade)
genotype/phenotype distinction (Richard Lewontin)
molecular genetics (Ken Waters)
geometry
finitism in (Jean-Paul Van Bendegem)
in the 19th century (Roberto Torretti)
Gerard, Alexander -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
German Philosophy
in the 18th century, prior to Kant (Brigitte Sassen)
Gersonides (Tamar Rudavsky)
Giles of Rome (Roberto Lambertini)
given, the -- see justification, epistemic: foundationalist theories of
globalization (William Scheuerman)
God
concepts of -- see divine, concepts of the
and other necessary beings (Matthew Davidson)
God, arguments for belief in
pragmatic -- see pragmatic arguments for belief in God
God, arguments for the existence of
cosmological -- see cosmological argument
Descartes' ontological -- see Descartes, Ren�: ontological argument
moral arguments (Peter Byrne)
ontological -- see ontological arguments
teleological -- see teleology: teleological arguments for God's existence
Godfrey of Fontaines (John Wippel)
Godwin, William (Mark Philp)
G�del, Kurt (Juliette Kennedy)
Goodman, Nelson
aesthetics -- see aesthetics: Goodman
Green, Thomas Hill (Colin Tyler)
Gregory of Rimini (Christopher Schabel)
Grice, Paul (Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner)
Grotius, Hugo (Jon Miller)
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H
Habermas, J�rgen (James Bohman)
haecceity -- see substance
medieval theories of (Richard Cross)
Halevi (Barry Kogan)
Hamann, Johann Georg (Gwen Griffith-Dickson)
Hamilton, William -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Hartley, David (Richard Allen)
Hartmann, Nicolai (Armin Wildfeuer)
Hartshorne, Charles (Dan Dombrowski)
heaven and hell (Jonathan Kvanvig)
hedonism (Andrew Moore)
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (Paul Redding)
Heidegger, Martin (Thomas Sheehan)
hell -- see heaven and hell
Herder, Johann Gottfried von ( )
heredity and heritability (Stephen M. Downes)
hermeneutics (Bj�rn Ramberg and Kristin Gjesdal)
Heytesbury, William (John Longeway)
Hilbert's Program (Richard Zach)
Hobbes, Thomas
moral and political philosophy (Sharon A. Lloyd)
Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry (Baron) d' (Michael LeBuffe)
holes (Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
Holkot [Holcot], Robert (Hester Gelber)
Home, Henry [Lord Kames] -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
homology -- see character/trait
homosexuality (Brent Pickett)
human genome project (Lisa Gannett)
humanism
in the Renaissance (Eckhard Ke�ler)
humanism, civic (Athanasios Moulakis)
human rights -- see rights: human
Humboldt, Wilhelm von (Kurt Mueller-Vollmer)
Hume, David (William Edward Morris)
aesthetics (Ted Gracyk)
moral philosophy (Rachel Cohon)
on religion (Paul Russell)
Husserl, Edmund (Christian Beyer)
Hutcheson, Francis -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Hutton, James -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
hybrid logic -- see logic: hybrid
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I
Ibn Daud, Abraham (Resianne Fontaine)
Ibn Ezra, Abraham (Tzvi Langermann)
Ibn Tibbon, Samuel -- see Tibbon, Samuel Ibn
identity (Harold Noonan)
of indiscernibles (Peter Forrest)
over time (Andre Gallois)
personal -- see personal identity
relative (Harry Deutsch)
transworld (Penelope Mackie)
transworld -- see possible worlds
identity politics (Cressida Heyes)
identity theory of mind (J. J. C. Smart)
idiolects (Alex Barber)
imagery, mental -- see mental imagery
imitation game -- see Turing test
immortality -- see afterlife
immutability (Brian Leftow)
impartiality (Troy Jollimore)
implicature (Wayne Davis)
incompatibilism
(nondeterministic) theories of free will (Randolph Clarke)
arguments for (Kadri Vihvelin)
indexicals (David Braun)
individualism, methodological (Joseph Heath)
induction
problem of (John Vickers)
inductive logic -- see logic: inductive
inequality -- see equality
inertial systems -- see space and time: inertial frames
inference to the best explanation -- see abduction
infinitesimals -- see continuity and infinitesimals
informal logic -- see logic: informal
information
biological (Peter Godfrey-Smith and Kim Sterelny)
semantic conceptions of (Luciano Floridi)
information technology
and moral values (James Moor)
phenomenological approaches to ethics and (Lucas Introna)
and privacy (Jeroen van den Hoven)
Ingarden, Roman (Amie Thomasson)
inherence -- see substance
innate/acquired distinction (Paul Griffiths)
innatism
linguistic (Fiona Cowie)
insolubles [= insolubilia] (Paul Vincent Spade)
instantiation -- see predication and instantiation
integrity (Damian Cox, Marguerite La Caze, and Michael Levine)
intelligent design, theory of -- see creationism
intensional transitive verbs (Graeme Forbes)
intentionality (Pierre Jacob)
consciousness and -- see consciousness: and intentionality
in ancient philosophy (Victor Caston)
intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties (Brian Weatherson)
inverted qualia -- see qualia: inverted
Israeli, Isaac (Tamar Rudavsky)
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J
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (George di Giovanni)
James, William (Russell Goodman)
Japanese Philosophy (Thomas Kasulis)
aesthetics (Graham Parkes)
Confucian (Samuel Yamashita)
Kokugaku School [Native Studies School] (Susan Burns)
Kukai (John Krummel)
Kyoto School (Bret Davis)
Nishida Kitar� -- see Nishida Kitar�
Pure Land (Dennis Hirota)
Watsuji Tetsur� -- see Watsuji Tetsur�
Zen Buddhism (Shigenori Nagatomo)
John of Salisbury (Kevin Guilfoy)
Judah Halevi -- see Halevi
judgment
aesthetic -- see aesthetics: aesthetic judgment
justice
distributive (Julian Lamont)
intergenerational (Lukas Meyer)
international (Michael Blake)
as a virtue (Michael Slote)
justification, epistemic
a priori -- see a priori justification and knowledge
coherentist theories of (Jonathan Kvanvig)
foundationalist theories of (Richard Fumerton)
internalist vs. externalist conceptions of (George Pappas)
justification, political
public (Fred D'Agostino)
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
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K
Kant, Immanuel (Paul Guyer)
aesthetics and teleology (Hannah Ginsborg)
critique of metaphysics (Michelle Grier)
and Hume (Graciela De Pierris)
and Leibniz (Catherine Wilson)
moral philosophy (Robert Johnson)
philosophical development (Martin Sch�nfeld)
philosophy of religion (Philip Rossi)
philosophy of science (Eric Watkins)
theory of judgment (Robert Hanna)
and transcendental arguments (Jonathan Vogel)
view of mind and consciousness of self (Andrew Brook)
views on space and time (Daniel Warren)
Kepler, Johannes (Daniel Di Liscia)
Kierkegaard, S�ren (William McDonald)
killing vs. letting die -- see doing vs. allowing harm
Kilvington, Richard (Elzbieta Jung)
knowledge
analysis of (Matthias Steup)
a priori -- see a priori justification and knowledge
by acquaintance vs. description (Richard Fumerton)
self- -- see self-knowledge
knowledge, value of (Jonathan M. Weinberg)
Kochen-Specker theorem -- see quantum mechanics: Kochen-Specker theorem
Kuhn, Thomas (Alexander Bird)
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L
Lacan, Jacques (Charles Shepherdson)
Lakatos, Imre (Alan Musgrave)
Lange, Friedrich Albert (Nadeem J. Z. Hussain)
language, philosophy of (Jason Stanley)
language of thought hypothesis (Murat Aydede)
Laozi (Alan Chan)
law
and ideology (Christine Sypnowich)
and language (Timothy Endicott)
limits of -- see limits of law
nature of -- see nature of law: natural law theories
laws of nature (John W. Carroll)
learning theory, formal (Oliver Schulte)
legal obligation and authority (Leslie Green)
legal philosophy (Martin Stone)
economic analysis of law (Lewis Kornhauser)
legal positivism -- see nature of law: legal positivism
legal punishment -- see punishment, legal
legal realisms -- see nature of law: legal realisms
legal reasoning
interpretation and coherence (Julie Dickson)
precedent and analogy (Grant Lamond)
legal rights (Kenneth Campbell)
Le Grand, Antoine (Patricia Easton)
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (Alan Nelson)
ethics (Andrew Youpa)
modal metaphysics (Jan Cover)
on causation (Marc Bobro)
on the problem of evil (Michael Murray)
philosophy of mind (Mark Kulstad and Laurence Carlin)
Leucippus (Sylvia Berryman)
L�vinas, Emmanuel (Betina Bergo)
Lewis, Clarence Irving (Bruce Hunter)
Lewis, David (Ned Hall)
liar paradox (JC Beall and Michael Glanzberg)
liberalism (Gerald Gaus and Shane D. Courtland)
libertarianism (Peter Vallentyne)
liberty
positive and negative (Ian Carter)
life (Bruce Weber)
lifeworld -- see Husserl, Edmund
limits of law (John Stanton-Ife)
linear logic -- see logic: linear
Lipsius, Justus (Jan Papy)
Locke, John (William Uzgalis)
moral philosophy (Jane McIntyre)
political philosophy (Alex Tuckness)
logic
action (Krister Segerberg)
ancient (Susanne Bobzien)
and artificial intelligence -- see artificial intelligence: logic and
classical (Stewart Shapiro)
conditionals (Horacio Arlo-Costa)
connexive (Heinrich Wansing)
deontic (Paul McNamara)
epistemic (Vincent Hendricks and John Symons)
for belief revision (Sven Owe Hansson)
free (Harry Deutsch)
fuzzy (Petr Hajek)
and games (Wilfrid Hodges)
hybrid (Torben Bra�ner)
inductive (James Hawthorne)
infinitary (John L. Bell)
informal (Leo Groarke)
intensional (Melvin Fitting)
intuitionistic (Joan Moschovakis)
linear (Dale Miller)
many-valued (Siegfried Gottwald)
modal (James Garson)
non-monotonic (Aldo Antonelli)
paraconsistent (Graham Priest and Koji Tanaka)
provability (Rineke (L.C.) Verbrugge)
relevance (Edwin Mares)
second-order and higher-order (Herbert B. Enderton)
substructural (Greg Restall)
temporal (Antony Galton)
logical atomism
Russell's (Kevin Klement)
Wittgenstein's (Ian Proops)
logical consequence (JC Beall and Greg Restall)
logical constants (John MacFarlane)
logical constructions (Bernard Linsky)
logical form (Paul Pietroski)
logical truth (Mario Gomez-Torrente)
logic and ontology (Thomas Hofweber)
Lotze, Hermann (David Sullivan)
love (Bennett Helm)
luck
justice and bad luck (Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen)
moral (Dana K. Nelkin)
Lucretius (David Sedley)
Lvov-Warsaw School (Jan Wole?ski)
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M
Machiavelli, Niccol� (Cary Nederman)
Maimon, Salomon (Peter Thielke and Yitzhak Melamed)
Maimonides
the influence of Islamic thought on (Sarah Pessin)
Maimonides [Moses ben Maimon] (Kenneth Seeskin)
Malebranche, Nicolas (Tad Schmaltz)
theory of ideas and vision in God (Lawrence Nolan)
Mally, Ernst (Alexander Hieke and Gerhard Zecha)
deontic logic (Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
many, problem of (Brian Weatherson)
Marcel, Gabriel (-Honor�) (Brian Treanor)
Maritain, Jacques (William Sweet)
Marsilius of Inghen (Maarten Hoenen)
Marx, Karl (Jonathan Wolff)
Masham, Lady Damaris (Sarah Hutton)
mass/energy equivalence -- see equivalence of mass and energy
materialism (Jeffrey Poland)
eliminative (William Ramsey)
mathematics
constructive (Douglas Bridges)
inconsistent (Chris Mortensen)
mathematics, philosophy of
indispensability arguments in the (Mark Colyvan)
nominalism in the -- see nominalism: in the philosophy of mathematics
measurement
in quantum theory -- see quantum theory: measurement in
medieval philosophy (Paul Vincent Spade)
literary forms of (Eileen Sweeney)
medieval theories
analogy -- see analogy: medieval theories of
categories -- see categories: medieval theories of
causation -- see causation: medieval theories of
conscience -- see conscience: medieval theories of
of demonstration -- see demonstration: medieval theories of
future contingents -- see future contingents: medieval theories of
haecceity -- see haecceity: medieval theories of
of mental representation -- see mental representation: in medieval philosophy
modality -- see modality: medieval theories of
of obligationes -- see obligationes, medieval theories of
practical reason -- see practical reason: medieval theories of
properties of terms -- see terms, properties of: medieval theories of
relations -- see relations: medieval theories of
of singular terms -- see singular terms: medieval theories of
syllogism -- see syllogism: medieval theories of
Meinong, Alexius (Johann Marek)
Meister Eckhart (Burkhard Mojsisch)
memory (John Sutton)
epistemological problems of (Thomas D. Senor)
Mencius (Kwong Loi Shun)
Mendelssohn, Moses (Daniel Dahlstrom)
mental causation (David Robb and John Heil)
mental content
causal theories of (Fred Adams)
externalism about (Joe Lau)
narrow (Curtis Brown)
nonconceptual (Jos� Berm�dez)
teleological theories of -- see teleology: teleological theories of mental content
mental illness (Christian Perring)
mental imagery (Nigel Thomas)
mental representation (David Pitt)
in medieval philosophy (Henrik Lagerlund)
mereology (Achille Varzi)
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (Bernard Flynn)
metaethics (Geoff Sayre-McCord)
moral anti-realism -- see moral anti-realism
moral cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism -- see cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism, moral
moral epistemology -- see moral epistemology
moral motivation -- see moral motivation
moral naturalism -- see naturalism: moral
moral non-naturalism -- see non-naturalism, moral
moral particularism -- see moral particularism
moral realism -- see moral realism
moral skepticism -- see skepticism: moral
metaphor (David Hills)
metaphysics (Peter van Inwagen)
Mill, Harriet Taylor (Dale E. Miller)
Mill, James (Terence Ball)
Mill, John Stuart (Fred Wilson)
moral and political philosophy (David Brink)
mind
computational theory of (Steven Horst)
identity theory of -- see identity theory of mind
miracles (Michael Levine)
modality
medieval theories of (Simo Knuuttila)
modality, metaphysics of (Joseph Melia)
modal logic -- see logic: modal
modal realism -- see modality, metaphysics of
models in science (Roman Frigg and Stephan Hartmann)
model theory (Wilfrid Hodges)
first-order (Wilfrid Hodges)
Mohism (Chris Fraser)
Mohist Canons (Chris Fraser)
molecular biology (Lindley Darden and James Tabery)
Molyneux's problem (Marjolein Degenaar and Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
monism (Jonathan Schaffer)
anomalous -- see anomalous monism
monotheism (William Wainwright)
Montaigne, Michel de (Marc Foglia)
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de (Hilary Bok)
Moore, George Edward (Tom Baldwin)
moral philosophy (Thomas Hurka)
moral anti-realism (Richard Joyce)
moral character -- see character, moral
moral dilemmas (Terrance McConnell)
moral epistemology (Richmond Campbell)
morality, definition of (Bernard Gert)
morality and practical reason (Duncan MacIntosh)
moral luck -- see luck: moral
moral motivation (Connie Rosati)
moral naturalism -- see naturalism: moral
moral non-naturalism -- see non-naturalism, moral
moral particularism (Jonathan Dancy)
moral psychology (John Doris and Stephen Stich)
moral realism (Geoff Sayre-McCord)
moral reasoning -- see reasoning: moral
moral relativism (Chris Gowans)
moral responsibility (Andrew Eshleman)
moral skepticism -- see skepticism: moral
moral status
of animals -- see animals, moral status of
More, Henry -- see Cambridge Platonists
More, Thomas (Ralph Keen)
multiple realizability (John Bickle)
mysticism (Jerome Gellman)
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N
names (Richard Heck)
Narboni, Moses (Gitit Holzman)
nationalism (Nenad Miscevic)
Natorp, Paul (Alan Kim)
naturalism (David Papineau)
moral (James Lenman)
naturalism in legal philosophy (Brian Leiter)
natural kinds (Alexander Bird)
natural law
tradition in ethics -- see ethics: natural law tradition
natural selection (Robert Brandon)
units and levels of (Elisabeth Lloyd)
nature of law (Andrei Marmor)
interpretivist theories (Nicos Stavropoulos)
legal positivism (Leslie Green)
legal realisms (Brian Leiter)
natural law theories (John Finnis)
pure theory of law (Andrei Marmor)
necessary and sufficient conditions (Andrew Brennan)
necessary beings
and God -- see God: and other necessary beings
necessity -- see modality, metaphysics of
negation (Ian Rumfitt)
Negritude (Ronald Judy)
neologicism (Kai F. Wehmeier)
Neoplatonism (Christian Wildberg)
neuroscience, philosophy of (John Bickle and Peter Mandik)
neutral monism (Leopold Stubenberg)
Newton, Isaac
and Newtonianism (Andrew Janiak, Eric Schliesser, and George Smith)
views on space, time, and motion (Robert Rynasiewicz)
Nicholas of Autrecourt [de Altricuria, Autricuria, Ultricuria, Autricort] (Hans Thijssen)
Nietzsche, Friedrich (Robert Wicks)
moral and political philosophy (Brian Leiter)
Nishida Kitar� (John Maraldo)
noema -- see Husserl, Edmund
nominalism
in metaphysics (Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra)
in the philosophy of mathematics (Ot�vio Bueno)
non-naturalism, moral (Michael Ridge)
nonconceptual content -- see mental content: nonconceptual
nonexistent objects (Maria Reicher)
norms of cooperation -- see social norms
nothingness (Roy Sorensen)
number (Eric Steinhart)
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O
object (Henry Laycock)
obligation
legal -- see legal obligation and authority
obligationes, medieval theories of (Paul Vincent Spade)
obligations
special (Diane Jeske)
Ockham [Occam], William (Paul Vincent Spade)
Olivi, Peter John (Robert Pasnau)
Olympiodorus (Christian Wildberg)
omnipotence (Joshua Hoffman and Gary Rosenkrantz)
omnipresence (Edward Wierenga)
omniscience (Edward Wierenga)
ontological arguments (Graham Oppy)
ontological dependence -- see dependence, ontological
ontology
and information science (Barry Smith)
ontology and ontological commitment (Phillip Bricker)
original position (Fred D'Agostino)
other minds (Alec Hyslop)
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P
pain (Murat Aydede)
panpsychism (William Seager)
pantheism (Michael Levine)
paradox
Curry -- see Curry's paradox
Fitch's paradox of knowability -- see Fitch's paradox of knowability
of the liar -- see liar paradox
Russell's paradox -- see Russell's paradox
Simpson's paradox -- see Simpson's paradox
St. Petersburg paradox -- see St. Petersburg paradox
Zeno's paradoxes -- see Zeno's paradoxes
epistemic -- see epistemic paradoxes
parenthood and procreation (Tim Bayne and Avery Kolers)
part/whole -- see mereology
Pascal's wager (Alan H�jek)
paternalism (Gerald Dworkin)
Patrizi, Francesco (Fred Purnell)
Paul of Venice (Alessandro Conti)
Peirce, Benjamin (Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh)
Peirce, Charles Sanders (Robert Burch)
logic (Eric Hammer)
Penbygull, William (Alessandro Conti)
perception
the contents of (Susanna Siegel)
the disjunctive theory of (Scott Sturgeon)
epistemological problems of (Laurence BonJour)
the problem of (Tim Crane)
persistence -- see temporal parts
personal identity (Eric T. Olson)
and ethics (David Shoemaker)
persons -- see personal identity
Peter of Spain [= Petrus Hispanus] (Joke Spruyt)
Petrizi, Joane (Tengiz Iremadze)
phenomenology (David Woodruff Smith)
Philip the Chancellor (Colleen McCluskey)
Philodemus (David Blank)
Philolaus (Carl Huffman)
Philo of Larissa (Charles Brittain)
Philoponus (Christian Wildberg)
philosophy of law -- see legal philosophy
Philo the Dialectician -- see Dialectical School
physicalism (Daniel Stoljar)
physics
experiment in (Allan Franklin)
holism and nonseparability (Richard Healey)
intertheory relations in (Robert Batterman)
quantum field theory -- see quantum theory: quantum field theory
Reichenbach's common cause principle (Frank Arntzenius)
structuralism in (Heinz-Juergen Schmidt)
symmetry and symmetry breaking (Katherine Brading and Elena Castellani)
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (Brian Copenhaver)
pineal gland -- see Descartes, Ren�: and the pineal gland
Plato (Richard Kraut)
aesthetics (John Heil, Jr.)
ethics (Dorothea Frede)
ethics and politics in The Republic (Eric Brown)
friendship and eros (C. D. C. Reeve)
middle period metaphysics and epistemology (Allan Silverman)
naming and knowledge (David Sedley)
on knowledge in the Theaetetus (Timothy Chappell)
on the sophist and the statesman (Mary Louise Gill)
on utopia (Chris Bobonich)
rhetoric and poetry (Charles Griswold)
shorter ethical works (Paul Woodruff)
Timaeus (Donald Zeyl)
Platonism
in metaphysics (Mark Balaguer)
pleasure (Leonard D. Katz)
Plotinus (Lloyd Gerson)
pluralism
in biology (Sandra Mitchell)
religious -- see religious diversity
plurality of forms -- see binarium famosissimum
plural quantification (�ystein Linnebo)
Polgar, Isaac (Charles Manekin)
Pomponazzi, Pietro (Stefano Perfetti)
Popper, Karl (Stephen Thornton)
pornography
and censorship (Caroline West)
Porphyry (Eyj�lfur Emilsson)
possible objects (Takashi Yagisawa)
possible worlds (Christopher Menzel)
postmodernism (Gary Aylesworth)
poverty of the stimulus argument -- see innatism: linguistic
practical reason (R. Jay Wallace)
medieval theories of (Anthony Celano)
morality and -- see morality and practical reason
and the structure of actions (Elijah Millgram)
pragmatic arguments for belief in God (Jeff Jordan)
pragmatics (Kepa Korta and John Perry)
predicate calculus -- see logic: classical
predication and instantiation (Kevin Mulligan)
preformationism -- see developmental biology: epigenesis and preformationism
Presocratic Philosophy (Patricia Curd)
presupposition (David I. Beaver)
Principia Mathematica (A. D. Irvine)
notation in (Bernard Linsky)
Prior, Arthur (B. Jack Copeland)
prisoner's dilemma (Steven Kuhn)
privacy (Judith DeCew)
private language (Stewart Candlish)
probability, interpretations of (Alan H�jek)
process philosophy (Nicholas Rescher)
process theism -- see theism: process
procreation -- see parenthood and procreation
proof theory (Wolfram Pohlers)
properties (Chris Swoyer)
emergent -- see emergent properties
essential vs. accidental -- see essential vs. accidental properties
property (Jeremy Waldron)
prophecy (Scott Davison)
propositional attitude reports (Thomas McKay)
propositional function (Edwin Mares)
propositions (Matthew McGrath)
singular (Greg Fitch)
structured (Jeffrey C. King)
providence, divine (Hugh J. McCann)
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (Kevin Corrigan and Michael Harrington)
psyche -- see soul, ancient theories of
psychologism (Martin Kusch)
publicity (Axel Gosseries)
punishment (Hugo Adam Bedau)
punishment, legal (Antony Duff)
Pyrrho (Richard Bett)
Pyrrhonism -- see skepticism: ancient
Pythagoras (Carl Huffman)
Pythagoreanism (Carl Huffman)
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Q
qualia (Michael Tye)
inverted (Alex Byrne)
knowledge argument (Martine Nida-R�melin)
quantum mechanics (Jenann Ismael)
action at a distance in (Joseph Berkovitz)
Bell's Theorem -- see Bell's Theorem
Bohmian mechanics (Sheldon Goldstein)
collapse theories (Giancarlo Ghirardi)
Copenhagen interpretation of (Jan Faye)
Everett's relative-state formulation of (Jeffrey Barrett)
Kochen-Specker theorem (Carsten Held)
many-worlds interpretation of (Lev Vaidman)
modal interpretations of (Michael Dickson)
relational (Federico Laudisa and Carlo Rovelli)
the role of decoherence in (Guido Bacciagaluppi)
quantum theory
and consciousness (Harald Atmanspacher)
the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument in (Arthur Fine)
identity and individuality in (Steven French)
measurement in (Henry Krips)
quantum entanglement and information (Jeffrey Bub)
quantum field theory (Meinard Kuhlmann)
quantum gravity (Steven Weinstein)
quantum logic and probability theory (Alexander Wilce)
uncertainty principle in -- see Uncertainty Principle
von Neumann vs. Dirac (Fred Kronz)
Quine, Willard van Orman (Gerald Massey)
New Foundations (Thomas Forster)
quotation (Ernest LePore and Herman Cappelen)
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R
Ramsay, Allan -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Ramsey, Frank (Brad Armendt)
Ramus, Petrus (Erland Sellberg)
rationalism vs. empiricism (Peter Markie)
rationality
Bayesian -- see epistemology: Bayesian
historicist theories of (Carl Matheson)
realism (Alexander Miller)
moral -- see moral realism
scientific -- see scientific realism
semantic challenges to (Drew Khlentzos)
reasoning
automated (Frederic Portoraro)
defeasible (Robert Koons)
moral (Henry Richardson)
reasons
agent-neutral vs. agent-relative (Michael Ridge)
justification vs. explanation (Jimmy Lenman)
recursive function -- see function: recursive
redistribution (Christian Barry)
reference (Marga Reimer)
reflective equilibrium (Norman Daniels)
Rehberg, August Wilhelm (Fred Beiser)
Reid, Thomas (Gideon Yaffe)
Reinhold, Karl Leonhard (Dan Breazeale)
reism (Jan Wole?ski)
relations -- see properties
medieval theories of (Jeffrey Brower)
relativism (Chris Swoyer)
moral -- see moral relativism
reliabilism (Alvin Goldman)
religion
epistemology of (Peter Forrest)
feminist philosophy of -- see feminist (interventions): philosophy of religion
and morality (John Hare)
and science (Alvin Plantinga)
religious diversity (David Basinger)
replication (David Hull and John S. Wilkins)
representation, political (Suzanne Dovi)
republicanism (Philip Pettit)
repugnant conclusion (Jesper Ryberg)
respect (Robin S. Dillon)
responsibility
collective (Marion Smiley)
rhetoric (Jes�s Larrazabal)
Richard the Sophister [Ricardus Sophista, Magister abstractionum] (Paul Streveler)
Rickert, Heinrich (Lanier Anderson)
Ricoeur, Paul (Bernard Dauenhauer)
rights (Leif Wenar)
of children (David William Archard)
civil -- see civil rights
group (Jacob T. Levy)
human (James Nickel)
legal -- see legal rights
rigid designators (Joseph LaPorte)
risk (Sven Owe Hansson)
role obligations -- see obligations: special
Rorty, Richard (Bj�rn Ramberg)
Rosmini, Antonio (Denis Cleary)
Royce, Josiah (Kelly A. Parker)
Rufus, Richard -- see Richard the Sophister
rule consequentialism -- see consequentialism: rule
Russell, Bertrand (A. D. Irvine)
logical atomism -- see logical atomism: Russell's
moral philosophy (Charles Pigden)
Russell's paradox (A. D. Irvine)
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S
Saadya [Saadiah] (Sarah Pessin)
Santayana, George (Herman Saatkamp)
Sartre, Jean-Paul (Thomas Flynn)
scepticism -- see skepticism
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (Andrew Bowie)
schema (John Corcoran)
Schlegel, Friedrich (Allen Speight)
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst (Michael Forster)
School of Names (Chris Fraser)
Schopenhauer, Arthur (Robert Wicks)
aesthetics -- see aesthetics: Schopenhauer
Schutz, Alfred (Michael Barber)
science, models in -- see models in science
science fiction (Ryan Nichols)
scientific explanation (James Woodward)
scientific instruments (Davis Baird)
scientific knowledge
social dimensions of (Helen Longino)
scientific progress (Ilkka Niiniluoto)
scientific realism (Richard Boyd)
scientific unity (Jordi Cat)
Scottish Philosophy
in the 18th Century (Alexander Broadie)
in the 19th century (Gordon Graham)
Scottus [Scotus] Eriugena [Erigena], John -- see Eriugena, John Scottus
Scotus, John Duns -- see Duns Scotus, John
Sebond, Raymond -- see Montaigne, Michel de
secession (Allen Buchanan)
self
feminist perspectives on the -- see feminist (topics): perspectives on the self
self-consciousness (Uriah Kriegel)
phenomenological approaches to (Shaun Gallagher and Dan Zahavi)
self-knowledge (Brie Gertler)
self-respect -- see respect
Sellars, Wilfrid (Jay Rosenberg)
semiotics
medieval (Stephan Meier-Oeser)
sense-data (Michael Huemer)
set-theory
nonwellfounded (Peter Aczel)
set theory (M. Randall Holmes)
set theory (Thomas Jech)
sexuality
feminist perspectives on -- see feminist (topics): perspectives on sexuality
Shaftesbury, Lord [Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of] (Michael Gill)
Sharpe, Johannes (Alessandro Conti)
Sidgwick, Henry (Barton Schultz)
Simon of Faversham (John Longeway)
simplicity (Alan Baker)
divine (William F. Vallicella)
Simplicius (Christian Wildberg)
Simpson's paradox (Gary Malinas and John Bigelow)
singular terms
medieval theories of (E. Jennifer Ashworth)
skepticism (Peter Klein)
ancient (Leo Groarke)
brains in a vat -- see brains in a vat
moral (Walter Sinnott-Armstrong)
Smith, Adam -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
moral philosophy (Kate Abramson)
Smith, John -- see Cambridge Platonists
social contract -- see contractarianism
contemporary approaches to (Fred D'Agostino)
social institutions (Seumas Miller)
social minimum [basic income] (Stuart White)
social norms (Christina Bicchieri)
sociobiology (Harmon Holcomb)
Socrates (Debra Nails)
Soloveitchik, Joseph (Lawrence Kaplan)
sophismata [= sophisms] (Fabienne Pironet)
Sorites paradox (Dominic Hyde)
sortals (Richard E. Grandy)
soul, ancient theories of (Hendrik Lorenz)
sounds (Roberto Casati and Jerome Dokic)
sovereignty (Dan Philpott)
space and time
being and becoming in modern physics (Steven Savitt)
conventionality of simultaneity (Allen Janis)
the hole argument (John Norton)
inertial frames (Robert DiSalle)
Malament-Hogarth spacetimes and the new computability (Mark Hogarth)
singularities and black holes (Erik Curiel)
supertasks (Jon P�rez Laraudogoitia)
spacetime
absolute and relational theories of space and motion (Nick Huggett)
species (Marc Ereshefsky)
speech acts (Mitchell Green)
Spencer, Herbert (David Weinstein)
Speusippus (Russell Dancy)
Spinoza, Baruch [Benedict] (Steven Nadler)
psychological theory (Michael LeBuffe)
square of opposition (Terence Parsons)
St. Petersburg paradox (Robert Martin)
states of affairs (Thomas Wetzel)
statistical physics
Boltzmann's work in (Jos Uffink)
philosophy of statistical mechanics (Lawrence Sklar)
Sterry, Peter -- see Cambridge Platonists
Stewart, Dugald -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Stirner, Max (David Leopold)
Stoicism (Dirk Baltzly)
structuralism
in physics -- see physics: structuralism in
substance (Howard Robinson)
substructural logics -- see logic: substructural
suicide (Michael Cholbi)
supererogation (David Heyd)
supervenience (Brian McLaughlin and Karen Bennett)
syllogism
medieval theories of (Henrik Lagerlund)
symmetry and symmetry breaking -- see physics: symmetry and symmetry breaking
synthetic -- see analytic/synthetic distinction
Syrianus (Christian Wildberg)
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T
Taoism (Chad Hansen)
Tarski, Alfred (Mario Gomez-Torrente)
truth definitions (Wilfrid Hodges)
techne -- see episteme and techne
teleology
teleological arguments for God's existence (Del Ratzsch)
teleological notions in biology (Colin Allen)
teleological theories of mental content (Karen Neander)
Telesio, Bernardino (Michaela Boenke)
temporal parts (Katherine Hawley)
terms, properties of
medieval theories of (Stephen Read)
testimony
epistemological problems of (Jonathan Adler)
theism
process (Donald Viney)
Thomas of Erfurt (Jack Zupko)
Thoreau, Henry David (Rick Anthony Furtak)
thought experiments (James R. Brown)
Thrasymachus -- see Callicles and Thrasymachus
Tibbon, Samuel Ibn (James T. Robinson)
time (Ned Markosian)
the experience and perception of (Robin Le Poidevin)
thermodynamic asymmetry in (Craig Callender)
time machines (John Earman and Christian W�thrich)
time travel (Peter Vranas)
and modern physics (Frank Arntzenius and Tim Maudlin)
Timon of Phlius (Richard Bett)
toleration (Rainer Forst)
tort law, theories of (Jules Coleman)
transcendentalism (Russell Goodman)
tropes (John Bacon)
trust (Carolyn McLeod)
truth (Michael Glanzberg)
axiomatic theories of (Volker Halbach)
coherence theory of (James O. Young)
correspondence theory of (Marian David)
deflationary theory of (Daniel Stoljar)
identity theory of (Stewart Candlish)
revision theory of (Eric Hammer)
truthlikeness (Graham Oddie)
truthmakers (Josh Parsons)
Turing, Alan (Andrew Hodges)
Turing machines (David Barker-Plummer)
Turing test (Graham Oppy and David Dowe)
Turnbull, George -- see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
type-theory
Church's type theory (Peter Andrews)
types and tokens (Linda Wetzel)
type theory (Thierry Coquand)
constructive (G�ran Sundholm)
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U
Uncertainty Principle (Jan Hilgevoord and Jos Uffink)
unity of science -- see scientific unity
universal hylomorphism -- see binarium famosissimum
universals -- see properties
the medieval problem of (Gyula Klima)
utilitarianism -- see consequentialism
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V
vagueness (Roy Sorensen)
vagueness of composition -- see many, problem of
validity -- see logical truth
Valla, Lorenzo (Jill Kraye)
value
incommensurable (Nien-h� Hsieh)
intrinsic vs. extrinsic (Michael J. Zimmerman)
of knowledge -- see knowledge, value of
pluralism (Elinor Mason)
value theory (Daniel Jacobson)
veil of ignorance -- see original position
verbs, intensional transitive -- see intensional transitive verbs
verisimilitude -- see truthlikeness
Vico, Giambattista (Timothy Costelloe)
Vienna Circle (Thomas Uebel)
virtue
ancient theories of -- see ethics: ancient
virtue ethics -- see ethics: virtue
volition -- see free will
voluntarism, theological (Mark Murphy)
von Pufendorf, Samuel Freiherr
moral and political philosophy (Michael Seidler)
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W
war (Brian Orend)
Watsuji Tetsur� (Robert Carter)
well-being (Roger Crisp)
Whewell, William (Laura J. Snyder)
Whichcote, Benjamin -- see Cambridge Platonists
Whitehead, Alfred North (A. D. Irvine)
William of Champeaux (Kevin Guilfoy)
William of Ockham -- see Ockham, William
Williams, Bernard (Timothy Chappell)
Windelband, Wilhelm (Lanier Anderson)
wisdom (Sharon Ryan)
Wittgenstein, Ludwig (Anat Biletzki and Anat Matar)
aesthetics (Garry Hagberg)
logical atomism -- see logical atomism: Wittgenstein's
philosophy of mathematics (Victor Rodych)
world government (Catherine Lu)
Wright, Chauncey (Jean De Groot)
Wundt, Wilhelm Maximilien (Alan Kim)
Wyclif, John (Alessandro Conti)
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X
Xenocrates (Russell Dancy)
Xenophanes (James Lesher)
Xunzi (Dan Robins)
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Y
Yoruba Philosophy
ethics and aesthetics (Olusegun Gbadegesin)
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Z
Zabarella, Giacomo (Heikki Mikkeli)
Zeno of Citium (James Allen)
Zeno's paradoxes (Nick Huggett)
Zhuangzi (Harold Roth)
zombies (Robert Kirk)
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The Miskatonic Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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