During orientation you will be given a guide, "Academic Standard Guidelines for Medical Students and the Committee on Promotions," which you can review for a thorough explanation of what to expect academically in your tenure at Pritzker. It covers issues such as the Pass/Fail system, the third year evaluation, obtaining honors, disciplinary procedures, promotions, and many other issues that you may find relevant. In "Life at Pritzker", we want to add the student perspective.
Course overview for the Pre-Clinical Years
The majority (although not all) of your time in the first two years will be spent taking classes, studying, and passing exams. This section provides you with an overview of what those classes will be.
MSI Fall:
Human Morphology (gross anatomy, histology, and embryology)
Physiology
Biochemistry
Introduction to Clinical Medicine (patient interviewing and history writing)
MSI Winter:
Human Morphology
Physiology
Cell Biology
Social Context of Medicine
The Doctor-Patient Relationship (medical ethics)
MSI Spring:
Neurobiology (neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology)
Genetics
Development and Psychopathology
Nutrition
Epidemiology
Electives
MSII Fall:
Immunobiology
Microbiology
Pharmacology
Cell Pathology
MSII Winter:
Clinical Pathophysiology (CPP)
Clinical Skills (physical diagnosis)
MSII Spring:
Introduction to Therapeutics
Clinical Skills (physical diagnosis)
Review of Basic Sciences (for the Boards Step I)
Electives
The Pass/Fail System (P = M.D.)
Grading
The pass/fail system is new to most of you. You are probably used to doing well in academic endeavors and will continue to strive to achieve at the same level as in the past. However, the amount of information you will be inundated with will increase and your free time may seem insufficient. What to do? Relax. This is the heart of the pass/fail system. P=M.D. Your new task in studying will be to wade through the material and extract the more important points ("high-yield"). Youll be amazed at all the little stuff that sneaks in along the way. Grasping concepts in crucial, but being able to quote minutia you will find a waste of time.
All required first- and second- year medical school courses are graded on a strictly pass or fail basis. There is no honors designation. Pritzker does not compute a class rank, and it would not be possible to create one. This system is designed to focus attention on the acquisition of knowledge and experience for its own sake. Third and fourth years classes are graded honors/high pass/pass/low pass/fail. But there will be time to worry about this later.
Pass/fail is your friend. While you still need to learn the material, the grading system allows you to pursue other activities that will enrich your life both now and in the future. Skip class to follow a doctor in her clinic, stay up late working on your latest musical masterpiece, volunteer, sleep-in on weekends, etc. Plus there are tons of extra-curricular programs both related to medicine and unrelated to medicine. Teach Chicago middle school students about the effects of drugs on their bodies, baby-sit at a local shelter while mothers learn about maintaining their own health, lead a chapter of a national medical student organization, start your own interest group... Remember that the activities we run weekly dont change around our exam schedule. Those extra three hours you could have spent to earn 5 extra points on the exam that you were going to pass anyway could make a huge difference in the life of someone you helped instead.
Exams
During first and second years, written exams and lab practicals evaluate academic performance. Sometimes exams are conveniently scheduled for alternating weeks so that you can spread your studying between classes. More often exams get lumped together for one long week. You will be given a schedule of all exams (and all classes actually) at the beginning of each quarter, so you can prepare however far in advance you want.
The exams are written by the course instructors and are usually short answer/essay format. These exams may include drawing diagrams - some people recommended colored pencils for easier comprehension. Lab practicals for human morphology involve timed identification/function questions in the gross anatomy suite. Some professors are moving towards board-style multiple-choice questions (particularly in the spring semester the horrors of scantron all over again). However, the course instructors write all question and the exams tend to vary minimally from year-to-year. Nobody uses standardized exams that are commercially available. It is a good idea to try to get old exams from second year students. Usually the co-op note service puts the exams on on-line reserve. For some classes many years of exams are available.
Graded exams are returned to students in their mailboxes or in class. Grades are reported numerically to students; sometimes calculated means and standard deviations are posted. The numerical scores are used to determine cut-offs for the pass or fail designation. Course coordinators choose their own method to make this determination. In some classes, an overall average of 60% ( or whatever the professor determines) at the end of the quarter is passing. In other classes, you must get at least 60% on each exam or each part of the exam (written, practical, etc.). In general though, almost everyone will pass. And if you dont pass, the instructors are more than willing to help you make up the difference. Make sure you talk to them if you are having trouble with the material, dont do well on an exam, or have extenuating circumstances. In addition, the administration is available if you have other concerns. Numerical exam scores for the whole class are also used to determine letter grades for graduate and undergraduate students who are taking the class. These students need letter grades for their degrees.
One final note. Dont worry about passing, yet be sure to take your classes seriously. Eventually you are going to have to know the material - either for patient care or the Boards.
Electives and the pass/fail system
The grading of any elective course within the Biological Sciences Division and the Pritzker School of Medicine, including senior elective courses, is at the discretion of the course instructor. Almost without exception, however, course instructors in the BSD and at Pritzker adhere to the strictly Pass/Fail system used for required medical school courses. If a student wishes to have a letter grade on the transcripts, he or she must notify the course instructor by the end of the first week of the course.
Elective courses taken outside the BSD and Pritzker are graded according to the policy of the individual course instructor and/or the appropriate division or professional school. Medical students who wish to register for such electives on a pass/fail basis must obtain permission from the course instructor at the first meeting and complete whatever forms may be required in that professional school or division. A letter grade must be taken if the outside faculty member does not allow pass/fail grades in this course. Letter grades submitted by outside faculty cannot be converted to pass/fail grades at a later date unless permission is obtained directly from the course instructor.
Clinical Grades
At the end of each clerkship (classes in the clinical years), the faculty discuss each students clinical and examination performance and assign a final grade. Clerkships include clinical performance over the entire course, an oral exam, and a written exam. The composite clinical grade usually accounts for 60% of the final grade, the oral exam, if given, for 10%, and the National Board Subject Exam for 30%. However, this varies by department. The final designation uses the following scale: Honors, High Pass, Pass, Low Pass, and Fail. A passing grade is required in all three areas. Third year is the one time in medical school when grades really do matter, however these designations are awarded internally and used in drafting your Deans Letter for residency; Pass/Fail is still the only designation on the transcript.
The vast majority of students receive a final grade of High Pass or Honors. High Pass is reserved for those students who clearly exceeded the course objectives and Honors for those who were outstanding in all aspects - inpatient, outpatient, and examinations. In the rare circumstance that a student receives a failing grade on any of the three components of the final grade, means of remedying the failing grade are determined on a case-by-case basis.
Recording of Grades
For all required pre-clinical courses, only the P (pass), CN (conditional pass), I (incomplete), or F (fail) designations are sent to the OME. CN and I designations need to be corrected - speak to the course instructor. Usually, the course director will contact students who arent doing well early in the quarter. They are just trying to help - no one wants to see you fail. Instructors are required to notify the OME of all students who do incomplete, borderline, or failing work. Again, this is designed to help students who are struggling. If a student does exceptionally well in a course, the instructor may inform the student in writing of his or her performance. This is totally at the discretion of the individual instructor, and will not effect your grade or Deans Letter (for residency applications). Scores are only sent to the OME when needed to document borderline or failing performance. You will not receive a grade report in your mailbox. After every quarter, you should go to the registrars website to ensure that your grades were all recorded correctly.
For clinical courses, student evaluations are maintained by the departmental offices of student programs. Each student has access to his or her entire evaluation, as do members of the department faculty and faculty advisors. The departments do not rank students. A summary paragraph describing the students clinical performance as well as his or her final grade and the grades on the written and oral examinations are sent to the OME and to the students mailbox. This information forms the major structure of the students Deans Letter, which is a very important part of residency applications.
Clerkships outside of Hyde Park
In the third year, students are assigned to various sites off campus for the outpatient portion of the clinical rotations. The family medicine clerkship is taught at MacNeal Hospital, a community hospital. Some students will spend part of their pediatrics time at La Rabida, a hospital for chronically ill children which is affiliated with the U of C.
In the fourth year, students in the regular 4-year MD program are eligible to apply for study at institutions other than the University of Chicago, such as Cook County or institutions in other parts of the country. Some fourth years use this time to experience programs where they might like to do their residency. A maximum of three months of senior electives may be taken off-campus. All applications must be approved in advance by the Dean of Students. A student may petition the Committee on Promotions for more time if unusual circumstances are involved.
When studying off-campus, students must register and pay tuition at Pritzker. Duly registered students are covered by the schools malpractice insurance and are eligible to purchase health insurance when studying at approved locations. A written evaluation of the students performance is required before credit will be given. Ensuring that this evaluation is completed is the responsibility of the student.
Catalogues of senior elective possibilities from other medical schools, as well as residency information, are kept in the OME. More information is also available on the Internet (such as the AMSA web page, and the web pages of individual residency programs). Other resources include the internet based American Medical Associations Freida database (lists all accredited U.S. Residency programs).
MSTP and other MD/Ph.D. grades
Students in joint MD/Ph.D. programs receive letter grades (A, B, C, D, F) on their permanent transcripts in advanced basic science courses taken as part of their Ph.D. requirements. Medical school courses required for the Ph.D. are also graded A/B/C/D/F. All other basic medical school course work is graded Pass/Fail. When there is a choice, students must decide by the end of the first week of class.
Deficiencies in academic performance
Consider this the "fine print" section - you should know about this information but most likely it will never effect you. Course work is deficient if either the quality or quantity of work does not meet the standards of the course instructor(s). Any student who, for valid reasons such as an illness or death in the family is unable to complete course requirements is given an "incomplete" which appears as an I on the transcript. If all but a single course requirement (such as an exam) are completed satisfactorily, a student will receive a temporary designation of "conditional" or CN which does not appear on the transcript. The worst case scenario is the "fail" or F grade, which indicates that an entire course was completed unsatisfactorily. F grades remain on the transcript permanently even when the course is completed satisfactorily later.
Before a student may advance to the next year of studies all deficiencies must be corrected. In the case of a CN, the designation will be replaced by a P after completing the necessary work as determined by the course instructor and/or the Committee on Promotions (see below). There are two ways to rectify conditional, failing, or incomplete grades. If the course instructor agrees, a make-up exam or additional remedial work may be sufficient. Alternatively, the student could meet requirements through a special departmental tutorial, and have that grade placed on the transcript in addition to the original. If more than one course has been failed, the student probably should review the guidelines for the Committee on Promotions.
The Committee on Promotions is chaired by the Dean of Students and consists of course directors from the basic and clinical science courses who meet every two months throughout the year to review the academic progress of all medical students in that quarter. The committee receives and reviews reports on any borderline, failing, or incomplete work. Recommendations by course instructors are given careful consideration in the committees determination of the appropriate action to be taken in the removal of an academic deficiency. The committee operates within a set of performance standard guidelines. These guidelines are distributed to incoming students at the beginning of the first year. Students in academic difficulty will be notified of the problem and the means by which the deficiency may be remedied. It is the policy of Pritzker that no student may continue from one year into the next with deficiencies remaining on the record from the previous year. During senior year, deficiencies must be corrected before electives are taken.
The committee evaluates personal behavior and attitudes affecting the function of the student as a physician as well as objective academic performance. These factors all affect continuance and graduation from medical school. On rare occasions, the committee may recommend to the Dean of Students that a disciplinary committee be convened to consider any serious matter brought to their attention.
Leaves of Absence
The Committee on Promotions also handles leaves of absence. Some students decide to take time off often to do research, pursue a second degree, or for personal or health reasons. The student must consult the Dean of Students and then submit a petition to the Committee on Promotions. After the leave of absence, the student must re-petition the committee to resume medical studies. The committee, at its discretion, must approve all plans to take leave and return to medical school. All students must discuss their plans with the Dean of Students before submitting a petition.
Academic Advising
Students are counseled regarding academic matters by the Dean of Students and the Committee on Promotions (see above) during all four years of medical school. In addition, most clinicians are very glad to talk to you about their field of specialization. This is very helpful during first and second years - most faculty members are ready and willing to have students shadow them in the hospital or in clinic. Feel free to respectfully approach physicians who teach or guest lecture in your classes or those listed in the faculty directory. The hard part is making the initial contacts.
Third year students select an official faculty advisor in the students intended area of specialization. The advisor, along with the Dean of Students, counsels the student regarding residency applications and the residency selection process. Although the student may have only one official advisor, he or she is encouraged to consult with other faculty members regarding career plans and desired programs of study.
Joint Degree Programs
Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP)
The Medical Scientist Training Program is Pritzkers main MD/Ph.D. program for incoming students. If youre already in the MSTP, you will receive much more detailed information elsewhere - this is for the rest of you. Students in this program receive full tuition scholarships and a living stipend for six years of study, which includes four years of regular medical school studies. The department or committee in which the student is a member often has a training grant, otherwise students advisor provides some funding support from funded research grants.
Training Program in Growth and Development
If you are not MSTP and would still like to pursue an MD/Ph.D., the training program in growth and development (Pediatric Training Grant) offers basic science training for investigation in developmental biology and a breadth of other basic molecular and cellular research. Two to four students per year, a total of 12 trainees at a time, are selected. Usually selection occurs after the first two years of medical school. These students receive full tuition scholarships and a living stipend for the three years of Ph.D. studies and the last two years of medical school. Interested students should contact Dr. Nancy Schwartz, Associate Dean for Graduate Affairs and the Director of the Training Program in Growth and Development.
Other MD/Ph.D. options
Most years, more medical students are interested in combined MD/Ph.D. programs than there are positions available in the TPGD. These students may obtain funding for living expenses and tuition requirements during the period of graduate work from the laboratory where they do their research, as research assistants, or by appointment to any of the training grants that support Ph.D. work. For students interested in neurobiology, individual National Research Service Awards from the NIH can be competitively sought in conjunction with a research sponsor.
Alternatively, medical students who wish to pursue a Ph.D. but do not receive support from any of the sources above, may be eligible for support from outside fellowships. An increasing number of these fellowship awards are becoming available, and recently Chicago students have been very successful in obtaining such support. Further information is available from the OME.
MD/MBA
Selecting this option allows students to explore the relationship between medicine and management. Students must apply directly to the Graduate School of Business. Usually, students apply in the first or second year, and if a student is accepted, he/she will usually start business school after completing two full years of medical studies. Other students have chosen to enter business school after third year. The MBA program must be completed before receipt of the MD degree. Medical students are able to complete the requirements for the MBA degree in four quarters of study. This is a highly competitive process. Please discuss this option with the Dean of Students. One full-tuition scholarship, the Steven Weiner Scholarship, is available yearly on a competitive basis.
MD/JD
This is not a formal combined program. Medical students, once accepted to the law school, may take a leave of absence to complete the JD degree. Usually the combined process lasts seven years - four for med school and three for law school.
Research Opportunities
The University of Chicago is one of the best research institutions in the country. You will find that medical students are very much encouraged to pursue research during their years here, and it is very easy to arrange research in any field that interests you.
Opportunities for students include research in the basic medical sciences, clinical medicine, medical ethics, outcomes research, public policy and community-based research. In addition to those enrolled in the formal MD/Ph.D. programs, many other medical students participate in research during their elective periods, in their spare time, and during the summer after first year. Most basic science and clinical faculty are interested in working with students. Nearly all departments distribute materials to medical students describing research opportunities for the current year. In addition, second years are a good resource to talk to about research - many just finished doing summer research projects. Finally, announcements concerning special opportunities (for example, the Howard Hughes and Sarnoff Research Fellowships) are distributed to medical students as they become available.
A research information session will be held in the winter quarter with ample time to find a lab and mentor for spring and summer research. You will learn about specific research opportunities, but not all opportunities are explicitly promoted. If you feel you have not learned about specific areas of interest, contact the deans in the OME or a specific faculty member. They can usually provide with a list of people to contact for further opportunities.
Academic year
Many students use some of their elective time in MSI Spring quarter to start a summer research project. Others have done research solely during the academic year and do something else for the summer. In either case, there are many opportunities for research - all you have to do is find them.
Summer
The summer research program is a great way to become involved with medical research and its a good way to meet faculty members. About 50 or 60% of the first year class participates each summer. The program involves a twelve-week commitment to a well-defined research project. All areas of medicine, including basic science and clinical science, provide potential projects. It is the students responsibility to chose a project and get a faculty member to sponsor that project. (A booklet of possible projects and mentors is provided by the OME at the Summer Research Orientation meeting.)
Participation in the program also includes weekly cluster group meetings (required) and seminars every couple of weeks (also required). The cluster groups are composed of students working on similar research projects and interested faculty members. These meetings are "work-in-progress" sessions, during which students update other members of the group on their latest research findings. Seminars will be on various topics relevant to all student researchers. At the end of the summer a Scientific Forum will be held, and all students are required to present their research (10 minutes), followed by a five-minute discussion with a faculty mentor. Five awards are given for the best work; two in basic science; two in clinical research; and one overall-best award.
This program is compensated with a stipend that may be sacrificed if mandatory sessions are not attended. The funding comes from the OME and the National Institutes of Health. You will be given more information in the winter quarter.
Remember - this will be your last free summer. You dont have to do research here. Many people travel, work or do research elsewhere.
Senior Scientific Seminar
One good thing about doing research during medical school is the chance to present that research at the senior scientific seminar. Presenting at the seminar might lead to graduating with honors. Every year about 20% of the graduating class presents research at this annual symposium held during the spring quarter. Of these, about half have received a Ph.D. The rest did research in the summer and elective periods as described above. Four presenters are selected for recognition at the Divisional Honors ceremony.
Interested students should contact the departmental chairpersons, advisors from that department, or (as always) the OME. A list of chairpersons and phone numbers follows this section, but students should feel free to speak with any member of the faculty. Students interested in the social, legal, and public policy issues associated with medicine are encouraged to discuss research opportunities with the Director of the Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, as well as faculty in other divisions or professional schools in the University.
Employment
Various employment opportunities are available to medical students. These include course assistantships, medically related jobs, work-study jobs, and other part-time positions. A brief description of each is provided below.
Teaching Assistantships (TA)
TA jobs with stipends are available in several of the first and second year medical school courses and in many undergraduate classes. Interested students should contact the course directors for the respective classes. In addition, watch for announcements on bulletin boards in the BSLC. For more information and to obtain a course listing, ask in the OME.
The undergraduate premed student organization (PMSA) sponsors a yearly MCAT preparation class in the winter quarter. They usually recruit teachers from the first and second year classes. Teaching involves preparing and presenting a total of 6 hours (three Saturday mornings) on one of the MCAT subjects. A few open office hours are also expected. Last year PMSA paid $200 for the whole class.
Medical jobs
Positions such as phlebotomists, ECG technicians, and CPR instructors are available to students on a limited basis. Interested students should contact the University Medical Center Personnel Office (AMB B124). Also, pay attention to announcements and posters.
Work-study and part-time
Work-study opportunities are available for eligible students (as determined by the Financial Aid Office). Those interested should contact the Office of Career Planning and Placement in Ida Noyes Hall. Hours are Monday through Friday, 9 to 11 AM and 1 to 5 PM (702-7040). This office also maintains a listing of on and off campus part-time jobs. Other good sources for part-time job listings are student newspapers, local papers, and bulletin boards throughout the campus.
Resident Advisors (RA) and Assistant Resident Heads
Graduate/Medical students may apply to be RAs or resident heads for the University Housing system. These positions involve frequent on-call nights, some programming, and some student discipline enforcement. In return, students receive room, board, and a small stipend (in other words you get to eat and sleep for free - rare in medical school). This is also a good way to meet undergraduates and adults associated with the university (as resident heads). Medical students have occasionally held these positions - try to talk to one before applying for these positions. Interested students should contact the University Housing Office (702-7366). Applications are usually available in the winter quarter for positions in the subsequent year.