CUBISMO
CUBISM - Historically the Cubism originated in the work of Cézanne, because for him the painting should treat the forms of the nature as if they were cones, spheres and cylinders. However, the cubists were far away than Cézanne. They started to represent the objects with whole its parts in a same plan. It is as if they were open and they presented all its sides in the front plan in relation to the spectator. Actually, that attitude of decomposing the objects didn't have any fidelity commitment with the real appearance of the things. The cubist painter tries to represent the objects in three dimensions, in a plane surface, under geometric forms, with the prevalence of straight lines. It doesn't represent, but he/she suggests the structure of the bodies or objects. It represents them as if they moved around them, sells them under all the visual angles, for top and underneath, noticing all the plans and volumes.
Main characteristics:
The cubism divides in two phases:
Analytic cubism - characterized by the desestruturação of the work in all its elements. Decomposing the work in parts, the artist registers all its elements in successive plans and superpostos, seeking the total vision of the illustration, examined her in all the angles in the same instant, through her fragmentation. That fragmentation of the you be it was so big, that became impossible the recognition of any illustration in the cubist paintings.
Synthetic cubism - reacting to the excessive fragmentation of the objects and the destruction of its structure. Basically, that tendency tried to turn the illustrations again recognizable. Also called of Collage because it introduces letters, words, numbers, wood pieces, glass, metal and even whole objects in the paintings. That innovation can be explained by the artists' intention in creating plastic effects and of surpassing the limits of the visual sensations that the painting suggests, also waking up in the observer the tactile sensations.
Main Artists
Picasso - having lived 92 years and painted from very young to close to its death it went by several phases. However, they are clearer the blue phase, that represents the sadness and the melancholy of the more poor, and the pink phase in that paints acrobats and harlequins. After to discover the African art and to understand that the black artist doesn't paint or you/he/she sculpts in agreement with them tendency of a certain aesthetic movement, but with a very larger freedom.
Picasso developed a true revolution in the art. In 1907, with the work you Read Avignon Demoiselles it begins to elaborate the cubist aesthetics that, as we saw previously, it is based in the destruction of classic harmony of the illustrations and in the decomposição of the reality. We can highlight, also the mural Guernica, that represents, with vehement indignation, the bombing of the Spanish city of Guernica, responsible for the death of great part of the civil population formed by children, women and workers, during the Spanish War. Another outstanding work: The Poet.
Braque - an artist that went by the phase of the analytic and synthetic cubism. Outstanding work: Woman with Guitar.
Of the Brazilian artists we highlighted:
Tarsila of Amaral - in spite of not having exposed in the Week of 22, it collaborated decisively for the development of the Brazilian modern art, because it produced an indicative work of new directions. In 1928 he/she led off a phase call antropofágica. To her it belongs the screen Abaporu whose name, according to the artist is of indigenous origin and it means " cannibal ". It also used of thematic social in its pictures as in the screen Workers.
Monteiro - one of the first Brazilian artists to accomplish a work inside of the cubist aesthetics. He/she studied in Paris, after the Week of Modern Art, its life was alternated between France and Brazil. It was also recognized in that country, he/she has its pictures inside of the acervo of some important museums. Outstanding work: Pietà.