THE SUDAN (The South)
Sudan enjoys an important strategic location in Africa. It also represents the natural depth to Egypt, which is the most important state in the east. Besides, it penetrates through the depths of Africa, coming in contact with Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Central Africa. It overlooks the Red Sea, thus facing Tohama and Hijaz in the Arab Peninsular. Its eastern neighbours are Abyssinia and Eritrea, while Chad and Libya
come in the west. This wide expansion of Sudan is paralleled by wide and huge riches, weather and resources, which made of it the greatest agricultural and animal producer. Nile, with its many tributaries, contributed to the outstanding fertility of its soil, which is capable of providing the main food basket for all the Muslim countries. This makes Muslims enjoy their necessary food security, which is not less important
than their military or political security. Sudan riches are not confined to the agricultural field; rather its underground is full with the precious metals necessary for industry, such as gold, chrome and mica,
besides the oil wells in its centre, which flow abundantly. It effectively has the necessary elements required for a super power. This explains the struggle of the super powers, in the past and currently, over dominating its fantastic and incessant riches. Sudan is an old Islamic country, where Islam entered it in early times, in 31 AH, at the hand of Abdullah b. As-Sarh, the governor of Uthman (ra) in Egypt. When Sudan was under the British colonial authority, the British administration issued a law in 1922 that made the South Sudan a closed and isolated area. This aimed at preventing the infiltration of the people of the South to the North, and preventing the people in the North from mixing with the South. It formed a local army from the people of the South, under the leadership of English officers, so as to create separation between the North and South, early in time. This closure of the South encouraged the missionaries to freely carry out extensive christianisation activities for its people. On the other side, colonial authorities prevented the Muslims of the North to sending Islamic missions to the South. This happened when the mission of the Graduates Conference tried in 1938 to send an Islamic mission from Khartoum to the South for propagating Islam.
The British government called in 1947 some people from the North and others from the South, for Juba conference. This conference was the first official trap Britain designed for Sudan, so that the Sudanese people recognise the existence of two entities in Sudan. The view of Britain towards Sudan was basically built on the existence of two entities in it: one of them is an Arab and Muslim, in the North, while the other was Christian- pagan in the South. This is the same basis that America adopted later on. Before the British colonial power left Sudan in 1956, Britain prompted a revolt in the South of Sudan in 1955. This was the revolt that preoccupied all the Sudanese governments that assumed the power, since that date till today. After the independence, Britain appointed puppet rulers who accepted the South as an inherited problem that needs special solution. In the round table conference held in 1965, the parties of the North and the South met and discussed the solution, on the same basis laid down by Britain. However, they did not reach an agreement, and thus the problem was more aggravated.
Sadiq Al-Mahdi, one of the most prominent politicians in Sudan, recognised this problem, since early time, before the constituent assembly. He demanded transforming Sudan from a united republic to federal republic, and giving autonomy to South Sudan under the pretext of having a special situation. He said in 1965: �The political parties in the North and South have reached now an agreement draft that
gives the South a local status, which accommodates its special situation, and gives it as well a decentralized authority� . The politicians in Sudan differed regarding the nature of the special status of Sudan.
In 1967, the Prime Minister, Ismail Al-Azhari, launched an attack against the local authority, which Al-Mahdi called for. He instead called for giving the South autonomy only. Uganda was entrusted since that time of giving sanctuary to an exiled government so as to become a concentration point for invading the South. Britain left the problem of the South as a wedge, by which it kept Sudan busy through the decades that followed the independence. It also placed the seed of the separation of the South from the North, before it left Sudan. Later on, the western countries looked after that seed and watered it to the point that the British agent rulers and the American agent rulers who governed Sudan did not differ over it. They did not differ over the view that the South had a special status. This was the view of most of the parties, whether they were loyal to America, like the Khatmiyya sect, represented by the Sudanese National Unity party, led by Al-Mirghani, or loyal to Britain like the Mahdiyya � Ansar sect, represented by the Ummah party, led by Al-Mahdi. All of them approved the secession, in a form or another; the difference was only over the styles. The Mahdi government made dialogue on the basis of autonomy or local authority. Numeiri government implemented the local authority and appointed an upper council for assuming the authority in the South. The Salvation government, led by Omer Hasan Al-Bashir, executed the federal authority and presented the idea of right to self-determination to the Southerners. The opposition parties did not differ with Al- Bashir over this idea. The evidence to this is that the National Democratic Gathering, which gathers the parties opposing the Salvation government led by Al-Bashir, had offered right to self-determination to the Southerners and Juba Mountains in the conference of vital issues that was held in Asmara, the capital of Eritrea in 1995.
The treacherous ideas, such as federalism and right to self-determination to the people of the South became political demands and legitimate political realities. Thus, the sons of the Islamic Mahdi revolt that broke out in 1881 against the English occupation in defence of Sudan and its Islam, these sons changed to become agents for implementing the English project. That great revolt had levelled many reprehensible defeats against the English army at that time, and reclaimed capital, Khartoum from their hands and killed the British commissioner in it, in 1885.
Sudan, like other colonies, had been a field for strong international struggle between the old colonialist, Britain and the new colonialist, America, over its domination. When it was given independence in 1956, it was with Britain. It remained so with the efficient leadership of Mahdi party and other politicians loyal to Britain. It continued to fluctuate between Britain and America since then till 1969, where Ja� far Numeiri,
with support from Nasser, the main America agent in the region at that time, led a successive military coup against the parties and politicians loyal to England. Numeiri held authority with military grip; and America successively managed to concentrate its influence within the army during his relatively long term of government. Under the rule of Numeiri, the problem of the South developed worse and became more complicated. There were some factors that contributed to the complication of the problem. One of which was the neglect of the South and absence of development in it, by all the rulers that assumed the power. Another factor was their approval to give the South a special status that would lead to its separation. John Garang became prominent in the South at the end of Numeiri rule. He was an officer in the Sudanese army, who was sent to the South to maintain security. He however seceded from the government and formed a special militia loyal to him by the help of Uganda and coordination with America. This aimed at creation of a Christian - pagan force that prevents the spread of Islam in the South. It was also a tool in the hand of America, where it would use it for exercising pressure against the Sudanese government and directing it the way she wants. When the problems accumulated in Sudan, in all of its security, political, economic and social aspects, America found it necessary to get rid of Numeiri. So, Suwar ad-Dahab, one of the generals of the army, made a coup against Numeiri when he was abroad. When Numeiri tried to return back to Sudan and challenge the coup, Husni Mubarak, the Egyptian president, prevented him from doing so in compliance with orders from America, and he forced him to stay in Cairo. Suwar ad-Dahab was already known as one of the military loyal to Numeiri. His coup was evidence that most of the senior officers in the Sudanese army became
completely under the American influence.
Suwar ad-Dahab remained only one year in authority, but the real authority was in the hand of the army loyal to America. He handed the authority to the politicians and allowed running elections; so the English agents returned to power. Sadiq Al-Mahdi formed the government in 1985, where Sudan was left to fumble about for three years during his government. In that period, a session was arranged in Washington in
February 1987, and a meeting was held in London in September 1987, where they both were related to the South separation plans. Other initiatives were submitted in Africa. All of these initiatives emphasised the formal unity of Sudan, besides the focus on the cultural diversity, the importance of development and division of wealth and authority. The army, at that period watched the situation closely; and when the
matters deteriorated to a point the people wished the military back, Omer Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir made a successful military coup in August 1989. He removed the government of Al-Mahdi, and benefited of the mistakes of the previous military, like Numeiri. So, he engrafted his military government by Islamic shade. He brought Hasan Turabi, the chairman of the People Congress and the leader of the main
Islamic movement in Sudan, closer to government, so as to give his military authority legal shade and popularity, which Numeiri lacked in the past.
Thus, the military loyal to America got their strong hold over Sudan, and accordingly America strengthened its grip over Sudan through the army. The military American agents thus could achieve that which the English parties and politicians failed to do by undertaking serious political actions that lead to the confirmed secession of the South from the North. Since Al-Bashir assumed the authority in Sudan, the mode of negotiations, meetings and initiatives increased, paralleled with escalation in the encounters and battles in the South so as to give these negotiations credibility and justification for achieving vital progress in this delicate and dangerous issue. There were meetings in Nairobi in 1989 under the auspices of the previous American president, Jimmy Carter. These were introduction to those that followed. There were meetings under the charge of Carter between the Sudanese government delegation led by Mohammad al-Amin Khalifah and the delegation of the revolt movement led by Lam Akol. In 1992, other negotiations were held at the initiative of the previous Nigerian president, Ebrahim Babinjida in Abuja, between the government delegation led by Mohammad Al-Amin and the delegation of the revolt movement led by William Noon representing Garang group, and Lam Kol representing Nasser group. These talks agreed on the necessity of solving the problem by dividing the resources and creating a political institution that works based on racial, linguist and cultural
plurality in Sudan. In 1993, negotiations were held in Entebbe in Uganda under the supervision of the Ugandan president, Yuri Musivini, between the government led by Ali Hajj Mohammad, and the delegation of the People� s Army (revolt movement) led by Garang. In the same year, and one month after the past talks, a meeting was held in Nairobi between the government delegation led by Ali Uthman Mohammad Taha
and the delegation of the revolt movement. Talks continued in Kenya and Nigeria till a meeting was held in Nairobi in 17 March 1994, with initiative from the committee of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), led by the Kenyan president Daniel arap Moi and the membership of the presidents of Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritrea and the presence of Omer Hassan Al-Bashir and the leader of the two factions
of revolt movement. The negotiations continued till it faced the disaster of signature on "Joint Communiqu� and Machakos Protocol� in 20/7/2003. This was the most dangerous in the process of ceding the South from Sudan. It was a fruit of tireless efforts that lasted for tens of years, and was introduction to the final (peace treaty). The protocol contained texts of delicate wording, considerable danger and includes
all the requirements of secession, such as right to self-determination. The texts were worded with great attention so as to achieve the aim with minimum costs. The most dangerous thing in the protocol is to stipulate an international role and a defined mechanism for securing the implementation of the articles of the agreement so as to achieve the secession. Thus, this protocol became a basis for all the forthcoming
negotiations. The talks were then resumed under international auspices of America, Britain, Norway, Italy and the states of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD). This was for discussing the details of the questions that were left suspended at that time, such as dividing the wealth and authority and others. It was noticed there was no disagreement in the talks between the international sides,
particularly America and Britain.
In 25 September 2003, the security and military agreement between the government and the revolt was signed. It stipulated presence of three armies: the army of the government, the army of the rebels and a joint army from the government and the rebels. Thus, the criminal secessionist revolt factions were preserved as an army parallel to the official army, and legally equal to it. The agreement also stipulated the
necessary withdrawal of the government army from the South within a maximum period of two years and a half. The multitude of the armies in the country, as it came in the agreement, clearly aimed at multiplicity of power centres. This would threaten the security and stability in the country and thus drag it easily into wars, conflicts and fragmentation, particularly when we speak about the rebels� army, which is linked with the disbelieving west in terms of the objective, training and armament. How is it possible for the people of Sudan to feel safe when the rebels� army exists in Khartoum, South of Blue Nile and Nuba mountains, besides it alone controls the entire South of Sudan? The idea of having two or three armies has been proposed and imposed on the government by America after the negotiations reached a deadlock. The Sudanese
newspaper of Akhbar ul Yawm� mentioned that explicitly in 25/9/2003. Thus, America imposed the agreement on the government, and warned it of various types of threats if it rejected the agreement. In 17/1/2004, the Sudanese government and the rebels� movement signed the agreement of dividing the wealth. Accordingly, the oil and other revenues in South Sudan and the other three disputed areas were divided equally between the government and the rebels. Besides, it was agreed to set up two separate bank systems: one belongs to the government, and the other to the South. This aims at sanctioning secession from economic aspect as it was sanctioned from military aspect.
Negotiations still continued over dividing the authority and the future of the three disputed regions, which are Ebi, South of Blue Nile and Juba Mountains. Al-Bashir government is about to concede Abi to the rebels according to an American paper carried by Reverenced John Danforth, the America envoy of Bush to Sudan. This paper was submitted to the negotiators in Nivasha, and it contained giving the people of Abi the right to self-determination as that given to the people of the South. It also contained the agreement of security measures stated in paragraph (c) article (4), which stipulates a joint force in (Juba Mountains made of 6 thousands) and in (South of Blue Nile made of 6 thousands). This represents an introduction to creating a special status to the three regions on the same model of South Sudan. The newspapers published in Khartoum mentioned in 20/3/2004 the details of the American paper that was submitted to the two sides of negotiations in Nivasha (the government and the rebels� movement) for solving the issue of Ibyi. They are almost the same proposals presented by the rebels� movement, which the government rejected. The most dangerous matter that came in this paper is (that the people of Ibyi 11 make a separate referendum at the same time of the referendum in Sudan, which comes after the transitional period, so as to decide whether they remain with the North or join Bahr el-Ghazal). John Danforth said in a press conference he held in
Nivasha, which was published in the Sudanese newspaper of �Akhbar ul-Yawm� , issue number (3378) in 20/3/2004: � President Bush is annoyed, he thinks peace can be achieved before the end of the current month, and the American administration considers the side that obstructs the peace process responsible for the collapse of the negotiations� . All of this confirms the impartiality of the American administration
and it completely and totally takes the side of the rebels� movement. It also shows the explicit threat of the administration to the government if it did not approve the paper (as it came in the press conference made by the special American envoy for peace in Sudan, John Danforth). This confirms the American paper is the final stance of the American government regarding the issue of Ibyi. The rebels� movement rushed to accept the paper, which is natural to do for, in origin, it is its proposals.
The Sudanese government accepted the paper as a basis for negotiation, according to the Sudanese newspaper �As-Sahafah� , issue (2882) in Sunday 21/3/2004. This came in a broad meeting attended by president Al-Bashir, the leaders of the ruling party, and some of the army generals, besides three people of the negotiating team who returned back from Nivasha. They extensively discussed the American proposal and
considered it suitable as a basis for negotiation. This indicates the impotence of the government and its emaciated stance. The position of those who described the American proposal to be reconciliatory
confirms their submission to the American pressures and their endeavour to please her. While Allah (swt) says: "Indeed Allah and His Messenger are more worthy to be pleased� . [9: 62] The American embassy in Khartoum announced on Thursday, 13/5/2004 that the next week will witness the signature of the agreement between the Sudanese government and the 'Sudanese People's Liberation Movement' (SPLM), led by Doctor George Garang, over the three regions and the division of the authority. Besides the final agreement would be signed in the middle of next month. One of Garang Movement officials confirmed the main points of the Peace Agreement are ready. The Charge de Affaires of the American embassy in Khartoum, Jerard Kaloshi said also in the same date that the mid of next month, June will witness the signature of a
comprehensive Peace Agreement in Nairobi between the Sudanese government and the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement' (SPLM). He added before a limited number of journalists on Wednesday � Thursday night that his country started, since some time, constructive discussions with the Sudanese government. He said the American administration would start complete normalization of her relations with Khartoum once peace agreement was concluded and the phase of complete and final cease-fire arrangements was reached. Kaloshi said lifting the American sanctions from the Sudanese government depends on three issues, which are cooperation in the dossier of fight against international terrorism, conclusion of peace agreement through the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), and production of comprehensive progress in the dossier of human rights. He said Washington expects lifting the state of emergency after signing the peace agreement. The Sudanese People�s Liberation Movement� (SPLM), led by John Garang confirmed that � the main points of the Peace Agreement are ready� , but it recommended � seeking the help of a third party as an arbitrator regarding the remaining details in case the first deputy of the president of Sudan, Ali Uthman
Mohammad Taha and Garang failed to solve them� . UN sources indicated, � There are some difficulties that face the Sudanese negotiators� . However the official spokesman of (SPLM), Yasser Irman said, � the
main issues have been solved. The remaining details should have not taken all the time they too; they need decisions from both sides for solving them, and the movement considers this viable� . He confirmed, � the main points in the agreement are ready; and the two sides have to proceed to finalizing and signing the agreement� . He revealed that � the remaining issues are two types: one of them relates to rewording of some paragraphs of the agreement, while the other is objective that relates to the Blue Nile and Juba Mountains, besides the central authority� . He went on explaining, � that Khartoum offered the Movement 40% of the authority in Blue Nile and Juba Mountains, and 60% for the government. It also offered the Movement 28% of the central authority while the Movement demands of 38%� . As regards the association of other political powers, Erman pointed out � that study of the participation of others has started and still continues between the two sides� . As regards the capital, he mentioned, � that the issue of the capital has been settled, and the two sides agreed on the main points� .
During these talks and before finalizing the negotiations regarding the secession of the South under the leadership of the rebel John Garang, there was emphasis on the region of (Darfor), west of Sudan. Three factors have created and aggravated this problem:
These are local competition over the land and pastures, foreign intervention and incitement of the problem, and the neglect of the Sudanese government in looking after its citizens as dictated by Islam with fairness and kindness. As regarding the local competition, Darfor accommodates the African tribes of (For) and other Arab tribes. The struggle started when the natural resources declined at a time the flocks and the planted areas increased. Moreover, the Arab tribes that have camels looked for owning lands for grazing. On the other side the African tribes of (For) refused to share the land and pastures with Arabs, as being their owners through inheritance.
Revolt started dependent on the tribe of (Zaghawa), but these wanted to attract other tribes in the rebel. So they started to scare them by invading them and imposing taxes against them. Thus, the tribes faced two options: either they join the rebel or form militia to protect themselves against the attack. So, these tribes formed militia, which they soon became strong due to the availability of weapons that come from the
neighboring countries. This aggravated the situation, which became worse and complicated every day. Thousands of lives were lost, hundreds of villages were burnt and hundreds of thousands of people were driven away from their homes and left without bedding except the sky and the ground. Some of them fled to Chad fearing for their lives. As regarding the foreign intervention and incitement of the problem, the Europeans,
particularly France and Britain, stirred the incidents of Darfor. The evidence on this is that the rebels from the African tribes of For received support from Chad and its rulers loyal to France, in term of supplies, concentration point and seeking refuge. London worked as media center for the leaders of the revolt. America tried to cover up her agent, Al-Bashir by giving statements only. She did not demand from his government to abstain from suppressing the rebels, though she could do that. However, after the crisis aggravated and developed into human disaster, the human organizations and UN � incited by Europe � exercised pressure on Sudan and demanded it should hold its support to the Arab militia (Janjaweed) that maltreated the African, as it is circulated. The media focused the light on the incidents of Darfor, in terms of the number of dead that reached thousands, and the misplaced that reached one million. The media described the events in Darfor as the greatest human disaster in this century, and demanded immediate intervention by the international community; otherwise more thousands of African would die monthly. After all that had happened, America found she is obliged to intervene and join and lead the campaign. She ordered the Sudanese
government to stop the disaster through some requests: sending 6000 Sudanese police to Darfor for keeping security of the African citizens and dissolving the (Janjaweed) militia.
The Europeans were not satisfied with these America measures. They rather demanded imposing sanctions against Sudan and dispatching foreign forces to Darfor. Europe, particularly France started to raise doubts about the role of America in imposing sanctions against Sudan.
The British stance was strangely hostile against the Sudanese government. Britain worked to embarrass America through agitation, exaggeration and issuing provocative statements against the Sudanese government.
America did not wish to discuss the issue of Darfor except after finishing the issue of the South, signing the agreement between Garang and the Sudanese government and proceeding in the steps of its implementation. After that she would move towards the issue of Darfor. As for Europe: France and Britain, they wanted to raise the issue and inflame the situation at the same time so as to create troubles to the government of Al-Bashir, which is loyal to America, for overthrowing or penetrating it. The Charge de Affairs in the American embassy, Jerard Kaloshi declared in the middle of this month, May 2004 that the situations in the province of Dafour, west of the country are considered of vital importance in the dossier of human rights in Sudan. He added he had reservations regarding the link of the peace process in the
South with achieving peace in the province of Darfor. This indicates America endeavors to complete the measures for the secession of the South before she moves to focus on the subject of Northern regions.
However, Europe: France and Britain understood this point, so they concentrated on raising the issue of Darfor, militarily, politically and in the media to embarrass America and destabilize the authority of Al-Bashir, loyal to America. This is after America managed to have the effective role in the subject of the South, and marginalized the role of Europe in it. Therefore, Europe: France and Britain, wanted to have effective role in Darfor that compensates their weak role in the South. In conclusion, America was obliged to take these measures against the Sudanese government after she was embarrassed before the international public opinion
because of Darfor problem, which was blown up quickly and suddenly. Had the problem remained internationally within reasonable limits, under control, and not blown up, America would have not intervened. However, France and Britain provoked it. Therefore, the foreign intervention and provocation had a prime role in the revolt of Darfor. As regarding the neglect of the Sudanese government in looking after the affairs and its confusion about the matter, this is clear from leaving the problem to grow and exacerbate. This is the case despite that such problems in the tribal areas are normal. Darfor is a Sudanese province, in the west of Sudan, along the borders with Chad. The area of this province is about that of France. It accommodates Arab and African tribes who are all Muslims. The province is called Darfor after the name of the
African tribe (For). The Arab tribes joined them and shared with them living, deen and destiny. The problems that usually occurred between the tribes were simple and related to areas of farming, irrigation, grazing and water collections. The leaders of the tribes used to quickly solve such problems. It is well known that this type of problems is normal in the tribal areas, and it is one of the natural disputes that arise in the mobile
tribal communities. The government did not solve such disputes with wisdom and good caring, by providing pastures to the flocks� owners, and supplying the needs of farming and irrigation to the landlords, who live in the villages. They could have done this by bringing both sides together and look after them impartially, thus preventing the use of the problem for intervention. The government instead left the matters between the Muslims, Arab and African to exacerbate and complicate. They left the African militia expand with the support of France through Chad. They left Britain give them wide media support, and Garang, the rebel of the South, gave them covert support. The government gave also support to the Arab militia. Thus things turned into utter confusion; the crime spread, the people dispersed, and the state left the militia struggle against each other without intervention from the state so as to stop them and look after the affairs of both sides. Had not America been embarrassed by Europe, and then intervened by ordering Sudanese government to as a state in settling the problem, the militia would have continued struggle in a field independent of the state and its order.
Therefore, instead Al-Bashir government contained this militia and made conciliation between the tribes; it escalated the situation and used its land and air forces to support the Janjaweed, thus kindling the bloody struggle between the Muslims. Then it started to fumble about solving the problem and wait solution from other countries. It even waited from John Garang, the rebel of the South, who separated the South to
help. The Sudanese foreign minister declared in 14/5/2004 saying: �You � addressing Garang � have relation with the rebels in Darfor and you must have a positive role in solving the problem� . Before that, the government official in charge of the Sudanese Government committees responsible for implementing the government recommendations in Darfor said: � The final solution of the problem in Darfor must
be through John Garang, once the problem of the South was solved and he comes to Khartoum for assuming his post as Vice president. This is because Garang is more capable in solving such disputes due to his long experience in them� . These are the officials statements though they realize Garang movement encourages revolt in Darfor. In a press conference in 14/5/2004, the Sudanese foreign minister answered, by saying �yes� to a question from a journalist that said: Do you consider Garang movement responsible for the revolt in Darford? Despite this, the Sudanese officials ask Garang to solve their problem. No doubt the solution he seeks for the province of Darfor is its Secession from Sudan like the South. Thus, the position of the Sudanese government was so disgraceful that it asked the leader of the revolt in the South to solve the problem of the revolt in Darfor. The Sudanese government still deals with the situation in a way that would definitely lead to the aggravation of the situation in Darfor and other Northern regions. Though it knew the relief organizations supplied the rebels with arms, it approved they resume their activities there. It also approved the presence of African supervision groups that will give the rebels a cover till they unite their forces and prepare for a new revolt. The Sudanese foreign minister was asked in the mentioned press conference: Are you please with the agreement that allows Ugandan forces to enter South Sudan? He answered: Are you pleased with every thing you do? Sometimes you do things just because they are required by necessity. He said this because he is aware of what such forces will do, in terms of encouraging and supporting the revolt.
It is astonishing to know that the Sudanese government disapproved the withdrawal of the UN so-called human organizations from Darfor. It actually requested they remain to look after the affairs of Darfor citizens. This is despite the government knew better than others that these organizations work to sow unrest and smuggle weapons in the relief boxes and make contact with revolt centers, as it happened with
the UN plane that was caught while carrying weapons and supplies to the rebels in Darfor. The same happened before, with the Red Cross plane. The state should have looked after the affairs of its citizens with fairness and kindness, instead of disapproving the withdrawal of these organizations. The government� carelessness, abandonment and submission towards the vital issues is the first and main cause of these calamities. The state should have interfered in Darfor so as to isolate the agents who call for revolt, by explaining the hukm shar� i regarding the distribution of the wealth in a region whose population are 100%
Muslims. Instead of doing so, it abandons them under pressure of the international organizations, IGAD, the American enemy, and the EU, particularly France, Germany and Britain. So it accepted the presence of foreign forces and diplomatic missions from Europe and UN, besides continuing dialogue with America, the source of evil. Thus, the country became open for international interventions. Furthermore, the government asks for solutions to Darfor from Garang and America that supports him. It might think as long as the Sudanese regime complies with America she would support it and protect it at any cost. This is despite America does not give any account to her agents once their presence conflicted with her interests, or they executed their assigned roles.
Through its repeated concessions in the South in compliance with the orders of the master of the White House, we find it opens the gate before revolts all over Sudan, under many political and economic pretexts. Every body however knows the extent of the devastating economic crisis from which Sudan suffers despite the diversity and richness of its resources. The only cause of all this is the failing policies of the
government due to their disagreement with shar� of Allah, and because the government does not rule with this sahr� and nor looks after the affairs of the citizens with fairness and kindness. The Sudanese government is steadily moving towards committing treason to Allah, His Messenger and all the believers through its surrender in Nivasha. Once a comprehensive peace agreement was signed in Nairobi in the middle of next June, as the Charge de affairs in the American embassy in Khartoum, Jirard Kaloshi said, the gate will be open for the remaining different regions in Sudan to demand the same results obtained by the South. As a result, Sudan will continue to revolve in a long series of unceasing conflicts. The Sudanese interior minister, Abdul Rahim Hussein, confirmed this conclusion where he commented on the events of Darfor saying: � It seems the demands of rebels in Darfor are similar to those of the negotiators in the South, such as the right to selfdetermination and having an independent army� . Concession of any foot of Muslim lands to the authority of any disbelieving enemy is a great crime in the sight of Allah. This would encourage other regions for secession and enable the enemy to demand more concessions, because any concession, even the smallest, would leave the gate wide open for more concessions.
The Arab poet said: Whoever feels himself insignificant, humiliation becomes easy for him. This is like the dead person who does not feel the pain of his wounds. The example of concessions in Palestine, Indonesia and that which is going on in Sudan, all of this pronounces this fact. It is strange as well as painful that the (opposition) parties in Sudan, which oppose the government in almost every thing, they agree with it regarding the crime of conceding the South to the authority of the rebel Garang, based on American planning and arrangement, and the negotiations that take place with the rebels in Darfor, which might lead to its secession as the South. This reveals the bad stance of the parties that call themselves opposition but do not fear Allah regarding the abandonment of the Muslim lands.
The Sudanese government has to choose only one of two options:
First: It persists in the error (batil), continues the policy of concessions, depends on America for solving its issues and makes the country a field for struggle between America nd Europe.
Second: It returns back to the truth (haqq), where returning back to the haqq is virtue; follows the shar� of Allah, thus it cancels its agreement with Garang and stops its talks with the rebels of Darfor, and addresses the issue of the country� s unity based on the fact it is a vital issue that must not be tolerated, for it is an issue of life or death.
As regarding the first option it would draw the country into a great disaster: humiliation, weakness, division, fragmentation and destruction, which is treason to Allah, His Messenger and the believers.
As for the second option, it is glory, might, community, unity, prosperity and gaining pleasure of Allah (swt) and His Messenger (saw). Are the rulers of Sudan going to repent, and thus choose that which pleases Allah and His Messenger, so they make good deeds that benefit them in the dunya and akhira? Thus, a Khilafah is established in Sudan, which unifies Sudan, eliminates the rebels and destroys the American and Western influence in Sudan, both in the North and the South. Then Islam sets off from Sudan strongly to the different parts of Africa, spreading guidance between the people, with da�wa and jihad fee sabeelillah.
� Indeed Allah will help those who help Him. Verily Allah is Strong, Almighty� . [22: 40]
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