Mr. Haskell
World History E-Core
9 March 2005
Russian Revolution
Chapter 28
Soviet:
1. Council of workers and soldiers
2. At first the soviets worker democratically within the government. Before long though, the Bolsheviks, a radical socialist group, took charge. The leader of the Bolsheviks was a determined revolutionary named, V.I Lenin
Command economy:
1. Government officials made all basic economic decisions.
2. Under Stalin, the government owned all businesses and allocated financial and other resources.
Collective:
1. Large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group.
2. Peasants were allowed to keep their houses and personal belongings, but all harm animals and implements were to be turned over to the collective. The state set all prices and controlled access to farm supplies.
Kulak:
1. Wealthy peasants.
2. Government confiscated kulaks� land and sent them to labor camps. Thousands were killed or died from overwork.
Totalitarian state:
1. A one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens.
2. Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state
Socialist realism:
1. Goal was to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light.
2. Artists could criticize the bourgeois past or even, to a limited degree, point out mistakes under communism.
Lenin:
1. Real name Vladimir Ilyich
2. Was imprisoned with Krupskaya was married.
Osip Mandelstam:
1. Jewish poet was imprisoned, tortured, and exiled for composing a satirical verse about Stalin.
2. Out of fear for his wife�s safety, Mandelstam gave in and wrote an �Ode to Stalin�
Nicholas II:
1. Bought his wife a Faberg� egg
2. The eggs enamel shell held tiny portraits of all the Romanvos who had reigned since Michael Romanov was elected.
Gregory Rasputin:
1. Miracle worker for the Royal Family
i. Alexandra thought he was sent from God to save Russia and Romanvos
2. Assassinated in December 1916, Final warning was that no Romanov would be living in 2 years.
Joseph Stalin:
1. He was quiet, cold, and impersonal.
2. He worked behind the scenes. And placed important people in his corner as secretary of the part.
Stalin's 5 Year Plan:
1. Set out to make the Soviet Union into a modern industrial power.
2. Suffered defeats because of its economic backwardness. In 1928 therefore he proposed the first of several �five year plans� aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output.
Socialist realism:
1. A Marxist aesthetic doctrine.
2. That seeks to promote the development of socialism through didactic use of literature, art, and music
Totalitarian state:
1. In a totalitarian state, a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens.
2. Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.
Anna Akhmatova:
1. One of Russia�s greatest poets fell out of favor because her poetry did not stress communist ideas.
2. Although Akhmatova could not publish her works, friends memorized them to preserve her genius for future generations.
V.I. Lenin:
1. When he was 17 his older brother was arrested and hanged for plotting to kill Alexander III.
2. The execution branded the entire family and instilled in young Vladimir a lifetime hatred for czarist government.
3. Still, he managed to finish his studies. Eventually he adapted Marxist ideas to Russian conditions and became a leader.
Mikhail Sholokhov:
1. Russian writer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1965. Sholokhov best-known work is the novel Quiet Flows the Don the finest realist novel about the Revolution.
2. Quiet Flows the Don portrayed the destruction of the Cossacks old system, and the birth of a new society.
Joseph Stalin:
1. 1900 Joseph Stalin had joined the underground and organized robberies to get money for the party and spent time in prison and in Siberian exile.
2. He used that position to build a loyal following who owed their jobs to him.
Leon Trotsky:
1. Leon Trotsky was a Marxist revolutionist.
2. He teamed up with Joseph Lenin to lead a revolution.
Socialist revolution:
1. The Socialist Revolution was a result of no food and fuel.
2. Workers went on strike and wanted bread which forced the make of a temporary government.
Bolshevik Revolution:
1. The Bolshevik Revolution gave the factories back to the workers and ended private ownership of land.
2. They created a union between peasants and workers.
Lenin's New Economic Policy:
1. Lenin�s economic policy allowed the government to control all banks, foreign trade, large industries and small business.
2. This gave the peasants only small parts of land.
Stalin:
1. Stalin became the leader of the USSR after Lenin died.
2. He brought all factories and farms under the government�s control and workers who met their quota were rewarded and those who did not were punished.
Stalin's 5 Year Plan:
1. Stalin's 5 Year Plan was to make the Soviet Union into an industrial power.
2. He wanted to have economic and industrial growth so he used command economy.
The arts under Stalin:
1. Under Stalin the arts changed because the new style of painting and writing was socialist realism.
2. It showed the life of the Soviets through socialism.
List three causes of the 1917 revolution in Russia:
1. One cause was the shortage of food (bread) and fuel.
2. Another cause was that the factories were taken away from the workers and so the workers went on strike.
3. The final cause of the revolution was the collapse of the monarchy government