Mr. Haskell
World History
2 June 2005
Chapter 32 and 33 Study Guide
CH. 32:
Terrorism:
1. Is the deliberate use of random violence, especially against civilians.
2. To exact revenge or achieve political goals
3. We are currently fighting a war on terrorism
Privatization:
1. Many turned from socialism to privatization.
2. Selling off state-owned industries to private investors.
3. Nations hoped that more efficient private enterprises would produce higher-quality goods in the long run.
Nonaligned:
1. A country that was not allied with either side of the cold war conflict.
2. This country is neutralized.
3. It does not agree to fight for one side or another.
Multinational Corporation:
1. Huge multinational corporation, enterprises with branches in many countries.
2. Have invested in the developing world.
3. They bring new technology to mining, agriculture, transportation, and other industries.
Liberation theology:
1. Urged the Church to take a more active role in opposing the social conditions that contributed to poverty.
2. Conservative Catholic forces have often opposed such political activity
Interdependence:
1. Is the dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge.
2. From other parts of the world.
3. Political, economic, cultural, and other links have created both problems and opportunities.
Culture shock:
1. This had to do with the changes during the cold war.
2. This would include The Berlin wall.
3. When a culture is put into excitement or chaos
Acid rain:
1. Gases from power plants and factories produced acid rain.
2. A form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come back to the Earth as rain, snow, or hail.
3. Acid rain damaged forests, lakes, and farmland, especially in industrial Europe and North America.
Effects of Cold War:
1. The Cold War began when the U.S. and the Soviet Union competed for influence.
2. By offering economic and military aid to developing nations.
3. Each superpower wanted new countries to adopt its ideology either capitalism or socialism.
Why did democracy fail in many new nations?
1. Their old rulers were democratic and they wanted socialism.
2. Many new nations favored socialism for this reason
Majority of world's wealth controlled by?
1. The global North.
2. Western Europe, North America, Japan and Australia
3. Democratic government and free market
Effect of urbanization in developing nations:
1. Many countries have called for modernization.
2. People are flocking to towns looking for jobs.
3. Escaping rural poverty; migrate not only for economic opportunities but also for attractions such as pop music converts, stores, and sports
Factories effect on environmental damage:
1. Strip mining provided vital ores for industry but destroyed much land.
2. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides produced more food crops but harmed the soil and water; oil spills polluted oceans, lakes, and rivers.
3. Gases from power plants and factories produced acid rain
Factors contributing to political instability in African nations:
1. Civil wars and other struggles.
2. Military dictators or other authoritarian leaders spent huge sums on weapons and warfare instead of on education, housing, or health care
Primary cause of global interdependence:
1. Transportation was one cause.
2. Another cause of global interdependence was communications systems
Global South:
1. Refers to developing world.
2. Most of these nations lie in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in the zone between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
3. Life is a daily struggle for survival; poor and underdeveloped
Modern technology:
1. Technology has advanced greatly in the past decades, including the computer revolution, the space age, the green revolution, and the medical breakthroughs.
2. Such specific advances would include the satellite Sputnik, the silicon chip, the transplanting of organs to save lives, and the doubling of the food output
CH. 33:
Welfare state:
1. A major goal of leftist parties was to extend the welfare state.
2. Under this system, a government keeps most features of a capitalist economy.
3. But takes greater responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people.
Glasnost:
1. At home, Gorbachev launched a two-pronged effort at reform.
2. First, he called for glasnost, or openness.
Dissident:
1. Brezhnev rigorously suppressed dissidents.
2. People who spoke out against the government.
3. Critics faced arrest and imprisonment.
Deficit:
1. Government spending and tax cuts greatly increased the national deficit.
2. The gap between what a governments spends.
3. What it takes in through taxes and other sources.
D�tente:
1. Relaxation of tensions.
2. By the 1970�s, American and Soviet leaders promoted an era of d�tente
Leonid:
1. Ruled over Soviet Union after Khrushchev�s removal from office.
2. Ruled until his death in 1982; suppressed dissidents
Brezhnev:
1. Brezhnev rigorously suppressed dissidents.
2. People who spoke out against the government.
3. Critics faced arrest and imprisonment.
Charles de Gaulle:
1. Led Free French during war.
2. Set up 5th Republic.
3. Made peace with the Algerians
Martin Luther King Jr.
1. Martin Luther King Jr. was a gifted preacher who, in 1956, emerged as a leader of the civil rights movement.
2. Inspired by Gandhis campaign of civil disobedience in India.
3. King organized boycotts and led peaceful marches throughout the 1960s to end segregation in the United States.
Joseph McCarthy:
1. Between 1950 and 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy charged many Americans with harboring communist sympathies.
2. Government probes, however, produced little evidence of subversion.
3. Eventually, the Senate condemned McCarthys reckless behavior, but not before his unjust charges had ruined the careers of thousands of Americans.
Margarent Thatcher:
1. Led the Conservative Party, which won power from the Labour party.
2. Eleven years as Britain�s prime minister.
3. Curbed the power of labor unions, reduced the size of government bureaucracy, and cut back welfare services
Perestroika:
1. Gorbachev also urged the restructuring of government and the economy, called perestroika.
2. Streamlining government and reducing the size of the bureaucracy
Service industry:
1. A service industry is one that provides a service rather than a product.
2. Service industries include health care, finance, sales, education, and recreation.
Mikhail Gorbachev:
1. Energetic leader over Afghanistan.
2. Was eager to reform inefficiencies in government and the economy.
3. The changes he unloosed, however, spiraled out of his control, swamping him and the Soviet Union
Helmut Kohl:
1. West German Chancellor.
2. Architect of unity; assured both the Soviet Union and the West that a united Germany would pose no threat to peace.
3. Became chancellor of a united Germany
Nikita Krushchev:
1. Soviet leader; in 1956.
2. He shocked top Communist party members when he publicly denounced Stalin�s abuse of power; pursued a policy of de-Stalinization.
Josip Tito:
1. During World War II, a fierce guerrilla leader, Josip Tito, had battled German occupying forces.
2. Later, Tito set up a communist government in Yugoslavia, but he pursued a path independent of Moscow.
3. He refused to join the Warsaw Past and claimed to be neutral in the Cold War.
Lech Walesa:
1. In 1980, economic hardships ignited strikes of shipyard workers which were led by Lech Walesa.
2. They organized an independent trade union called Solidarity.
3. It soon claimed 10 million members, who pressed for political change.
Reunification of Germany:
1. Dismantled Berlin Wall for reunification.
2. Kohl became chancellor of a united Germany after German voters agreed on reunification
Goal of separatism in Quebec:
1. Wanted to become its own nation.
2. Wanted to protect it�s culture
Result of central economic planning in the Soviet Union:
1. Was painful; unemployment soared; prices skyrocketed.
2. Little aid from West.
3. Success from others fanned resentment among poorer Russians; criminals flourished
Civil war in Yugoslavia:
1. After Tito�s death and the fall of communism a wave of nationalism tore Yugoslavia apart.
2. Ambitious extremities stirred ethnic unrest for their own ends.
3. Croats created the separate countries of Croatia and Slovenia.