2. Cell theory- idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
3. Eukaryote- organism whose cells contain nuclei
4. Prokaryote- single-celled organism lacking a nucleus
5. Organelle- specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
6. Concentration diffusion- the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume
7. Equilibrium- when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution
8. Osmosis- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
9. Isotonic- when the concentration of two solutions is the same
10. Hypotonic- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
11. Hypertonic- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
12. Facilitated diffusion- energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
13. Active Transportation- energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
14. Endocytosis- process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
15. Phagocytosis- process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
16. Pincocytosis- process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
17. Excocytosis- process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
18. Cell Specialization- separate roles for each type of cell in multicellular organisms
19. Tissue- group of similar cells that perform a particular function
20. Organ- group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
21. Organ system- group of organs that work together to perform a specific function