                          DOS Commands I
 
 
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                ATTRIB COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Displays or changes file attributes.

ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [[drive:]
 [path]filename] [/S]

  +   Sets an attribute.
  -   Clears an attribute.
  R   Read-only file attribute.
  A   Archive file attribute.
  S   System file attribute.
  H   Hidden file attribute.
  /S  Processes files in all directories in the specified path.
 
 
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                BREAK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.

BREAK [ON | OFF]

Type BREAK without a parameter to display the current
 BREAK setting.
 

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                CALL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Calls one batch program from another.

CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters]

  batch-parameters   Specifies any command-line information
                     required by the batch program.


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                CD COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHDIR [drive:][path]
CHDIR[..]
CD [drive:][path]
CD[..]

  ..   Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified
 drive. Type CD without parameters to display the current drive
 and directory.


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                CHCP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Displays or sets the active code page number.

CHCP [nnn]

  nnn   Specifies a code page number.

Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code
 page number.
 

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                CHKDSK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Checks a disk and displays a status report.

CHKDSK [drive:][[path]filename] [/F] [/V]

  [drive:][path]  Specifies the drive and directory to check.
  filename        Specifies the file(s) to check for
                  fragmentation
  /F              Fixes errors on the disk.
  /V              Displays the full path and name of every file
                  on the disk.

Type CHKDSK without parameters to check the current disk.

Instead of using CHKDSK, try using SCANDISK.  SCANDISK can
 reliably detect and fix a much wider range of disk problems.


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                CHOICE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Waits for the user to choose one of a set of choices.

CHOICE [/C[:]choices] [/N] [/S] [/T[:]c,nn] [text]

/C[:]choices Specifies allowable keys. Default is YN
/N           Do not display choices and ? at end of prompt string
/S           Treat choice keys as case sensitive.
/T[:]c,nn    Default choice to c after nn seconds
text         Prompt string to display

ERRORLEVEL is set to offset of key user presses in choices.


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                CLS COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Clears the screen.

CLS
 

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                COMMAND COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Starts a new copy of the Windows Command Interpreter.

COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/L:nnnn] [/U:nnn]
                  [/P] [/MSG] [/LOW] [/Y [/[C|K] command]]

  [drive:]path    Specifies the directory containing COMMAND.COM.
  device          Specifies the device to use for command input
                  and output.
  /E:nnnnn        Sets the initial environment size to nnnnn
                  bytes. (nnnnn should be between 256 and 32,768)
  /L:nnnn         Specifies internal buffers length (requires /P
                  as well). (nnnn should be between 128
                  and 1,024).
  /U:nnn          Specifies the input buffer length (requires /P
                  as well). (nnn should be between 128 and 255).
  /P              Makes the new Command Interpreter permanent
                  (can't exit).
  /MSG            Stores all error messages in memory (requires
                  /P as well).
  /LOW            Forces COMMAND to keep its resident data in
                  low memory.
  /Y              Steps through the batch program specified by
                  /C or /K.
  /C command      Executes the specified command and returns.
  /K command      Executes the specified command and continues
                  running.
 

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                COPY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Copies one or more files to another location.

COPY [/A | /B] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]]
               [destination [/A | /B]] [/V] [/Y | /-Y]

  source       Specifies the file or files to be copied.
  /A           Indicates an ASCII text file.
  /B           Indicates a binary file.
  destination  Specifies the directory and/or filename for the
               new file(s).
  /V           Verifies that new files are written correctly.
  /Y           Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to
               overwrite an existing destination file.
  /-Y          Causes prompting to confirm you want to
               overwrite an existing destination file.

The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.
This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line

To append files, specify a single file for destination, but
 multiple files for source (using wildcards or
 file1+file2+file3 format).
 

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                CTTY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Changes the terminal device used to control your system.

CTTY device

  device   The terminal device you want to use, such as COM1.
 
 
 
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                DATE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Displays or sets the date.

DATE [date]

Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting
 and a prompt for a new one.  Press ENTER to keep the same date.
 

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                DEBUG COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool.

DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]]

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the file you want to test.
  testfile-parameters     Specifies command-line information
                          required by the file you want to test.

After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of
 debugging commands.
 

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                DEL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Deletes one or more files.

DEL [drive:][path]filename [/P]
ERASE [drive:][path]filename [/P]

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the file(s) to delete.
                          Specify multiple files by
                          using wildcards.
  /P		Prompts for confirmation before deleting
                each file.
 

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                DELTREE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it.

To delete one or more files and directories:
DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path [[drive:]path[...]]

  /Y              Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to
                  delete the subdirectory.
  [drive:]path    Specifies the name of the directory you want
                  to delete.

Note: Use DELTREE cautiously. Every file and subdirectory within
 the specified directory will be deleted.
 

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                DIR COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.

DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/P] [/W] [/A[[:]attributes]]
  [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/S] [/B] [/L] [/V]

  [drive:][path][filename]
              Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list.
              (Could be enhanced file specification or
              multiple filespecs.)
  /P          Pauses after each screenful of information.
  /W          Uses wide list format.
  /A          Displays files with specified attributes.
  attributes   D  Directories                R  Read-only files
               H  Hidden files               A  Files ready for
               S  System files                  archiving
               -  Prefix meaning not
  /O          List by files in sorted order.
  sortorder    N  By name (alphabetic)       S  By size (smallest
               E  By extension (alphabetic)     first)
               D  By date & time (earliest first)
               G  Group directories first    A  By Last Access
               -  Prefix to reverse order       Date (earliest
                                                first)
               
  /S          Displays files in specified directory and all
              subdirectories.
  /B          Uses bare format (no heading information or
              summary)
  /L          Uses lowercase.
  /V          Verbose mode.

Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable.
 Override preset switches by prefixing any switch with -
 (hyphen)--for example, /-W.
 

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                DISKCOPY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.

DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive2:]] [/1] [/V] [/M]

  /1   Copies only the first side of the disk.
  /V   Verifies that the information is copied correctly.
  /M   Force multi-pass copy using memory only.

The two floppy disks must be the same type.
You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.
 

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                DOSKEY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Edits command lines, recalls command lines, and creates macros

DOSKEY [/switch ...] [macroname=[text]]

  /BUFSIZE:size Sets size of macro and command buffer
                (default:512)
  /ECHO:on|off  Enables/disables echo of macro expansions
                (default:on)
  /FILE:file    Specifies file containing a list of macros
  /HISTORY      Displays all commands stored in memory
  /INSERT       Inserts new characters into line when typing
  /KEYSIZE:size Sets size of keyboard type-ahead buffer
                (default:15)
  /LINE:size    Sets maximum size of line edit buffer
                (default:128)
  /MACROS       Displays all DOSKey macros
  /OVERSTRIKE   Overwrites new characters onto line when typing
                (default)
  /REINSTALL    Installs a new copy of DOSKey
  macroname     Specifies a name for a macro you create
  text          Specifies commands you want to assign to the
                macro

  UP,DOWN arrows recall commands
      Esc clears current command
       F7 displays command history
   Alt+F7 clears command history
[chars]F8 searches for command beginning with [chars]

---More---
       F9 selects a command by number
  Alt+F10 clears macro definitions

The following are special codes you can use in DOSKey
 macro definitions:
  $T     Command separator: allows multiple commands in a macro
  $1-$9  Batch parameters: equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs
  $*     Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on
         the command line
 

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                ECHO COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off.

  ECHO [ON | OFF]
  ECHO [message]

Type ECHO without parameters to display the current echo setting.
 

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                EDIT COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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MS-DOS Editor   Version 2.0.026   Copyright (c) Microsoft
 Corp 1995.
 
EDIT [/B] [/H] [/R] [/S] [/<nnn>] [/?] [file(s)]
 
  /B       - Forces monochrome mode.
  /H       - Displays the maximum number of lines possible for
             your hardware.
  /R       - Load file(s) in read-only mode.
  /S       - Forces the use of short filenames.
  /<nnn>   - Load binary file(s), wrapping lines to <nnn>
             characters wide.
  /?       - Displays this help screen.
  [file]   - Specifies initial files(s) to load.  Wildcards and
             multiple filespecs can be given.
 

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                EMM386 COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Turns on or off EMM386 expanded memory support.

EMM386 [ON | OFF | AUTO] [W=ON | W=OFF]

  ON | OFF | AUTO      Activates or suspends EMM386.EXE device
                       driver, or places it in auto mode.
  W=ON | OFF           Turns on or off Weitek coprocessor support
 

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                ERASE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Deletes one or more files.

DEL [drive:][path]filename [/P]
ERASE [drive:][path]filename [/P]

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the file(s) to delete.
                          Specify multiple files by using
                          wildcards.
  /P		Prompts for confirmation before deleting each
                file.
 

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                EXIT COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Quits the COMMAND.COM program (command interpreter).

EXIT
 

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                EXTRACT COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Microsoft (R) Diamond Extraction Tool - Version (16) 1.00.0602
 (07/14/97) Copyright (c) Microsoft Corp 1994-1997.
 All rights reserved.

EXTRACT [/Y] [/A] [/D | /E] [/L dir] cabinet [filename ...]
EXTRACT [/Y] source [newname]
EXTRACT [/Y] /C source destination

  cabinet  - Cabinet file (contains two or more files).
  filename - Name of the file to extract from the cabinet.
             Wild cards and multiple filenames (separated by
             blanks) may be used.

  source   - Compressed file (a cabinet with only one file).
  newname  - New filename to give the extracted file.
             If not supplied, the original name is used.

  /A         Process ALL cabinets.  Follows cabinet chain
             starting in first cabinet mentioned.
  /C         Copy source file to destination (to copy from
             DMF disks).
  /D         Display cabinet directory (use with filename to
             avoid extract).
  /E         Extract (use instead of *.* to extract all files).
  /L dir     Location to place extracted files (default is
             current directory).
  /Y         Do not prompt before overwriting an existing file. 
 

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                FC COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences
 between them.

FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/T] [/W] [/nnnn] [drive1:][path1]
   filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2
FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2

  /A     Displays only first and last lines for each set of
         differences.
  /B     Performs a binary comparison.
  /C     Disregards the case of letters.
  /L     Compares files as ASCII text.
  /LBn   Sets the maximum consecutive mismatches to the
         specified number of lines.
  /N     Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison.
  /T     Does not expand tabs to spaces.
  /W     Compresses white space (tabs and spaces) for comparison.
  /nnnn  Specifies the number of consecutive lines that must
         match after a mismatch.
 

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                FDISK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Configures a hard disk for use with MS-DOS.

FDISK [/STATUS] /X

  /STATUS   Displays partition information.
  /X        Ignores extended disk-access support. Use this switch
            if you receive disk access or stack overflow messages
 

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                FIND COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Searches for a text string in a file or files.

FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]

  /V        Displays all lines NOT containing the specified
            string.
  /C        Displays only the count of lines containing the
            string.
  /N        Displays line numbers with the displayed lines.
  /I        Ignores the case of characters when searching for
            the string.
  "string"  Specifies the text string to find.
  [drive:][path]filename
            Specifies a file or files to search.

If a pathname is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at
 the prompt or piped from another command.
 

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                FOR COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.

FOR %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

  %variable  Specifies a replaceable parameter.
  (set)      Specifies a set of one or more files.  Wildcards may
             be used.
  command    Specifies the command to carry out for each file.
  command-parameters
             Specifies parameters or switches for the specified
             command.

To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%variable
 instead of %variable.
 

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                FORMAT COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 
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Formats a disk for use with MS-DOS.

FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/F:size] [/B | /S] [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors] [/B | /S]
              [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/B | /S] [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/8] [/B | /S] [/C]

  /V[:label]  Specifies the volume label.
  /Q          Performs a quick format.
  /F:size     Specifies the size of the floppy disk to forma
            t (such as 160, 180, 320, 360, 720, 1.2, 1.44, 2.88).
  /B          Allocates space on the formatted disk for
              system files.
  /S          Copies system files to the formatted disk.
  /T:tracks   Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.
  /N:sectors  Specifies the number of sectors per track.
  /1          Formats a single side of a floppy disk.
  /4          Formats a 5.25-inch 360K floppy disk in a
              high-density drive.
  /8          Formats eight sectors per track.
  /C          Tests clusters that are currently marked "bad."
 

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