"Giovanni, Nikki" Encyclop�dia Britannica,<http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=2511>
       Nikki Giovanni was born Yolande Cornelia Giovanni, Jr. June 7, 1943 in Knoxville, Tennessee. She has become an African-American poet, essayist, and lecturer whose work influenced many people throughout the years of the Black Arts Movement. Her literary contributions range from calls for violent revolution to poetry for children and intimate personal statements. Giovanni grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Knoxville, Tenn., and in 1960 she entered Fisk University in Nashville. By 1967, when she received her B.A. degree, she was firmly committed to the Civil Rights Movement*.

       Giovanni has since furthered her studies at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Social Work and Columbia University's School of Fine Arts. In 1970 Giovanni founded a publishing company called Niktom Limited. She now works as a professor in the English department of Virginia Polytechnical Institute.
Nikki Giovanni
Her Philosophy:
       Giovanni believes that change is necessary for growth*. Many of her essays confront America's insistent obliviousness to the existence of race hatred. Her poetry is renowned for its call of urgency for Black people to realize their identities and understand their surroundings as part of a white-controlled culture. She is considered one of the most prominent leaders in the Black poetry movement. Her collection of poetry, Black Feeling, Black Talk, Black Judgment, captures the militant attitude of the Civil Rights and Black Art movements of that time. Giovanni also focuses on her family and personal relationships.

          She is known for her recordings of her conversations with prominent African-American writers such as James Baldwin and Margaret Walker. Giovanni to this day continues to write, speak and teach about the history and future of Black people and has become a symbol of the Black Arts Movement, as well as for Black women and women writers today. Giovanni's poetry strongly relates to several other writers of her time. She once said, �We must include as many writers of as diverse backgrounds as possible. Just as we identify with white males, so must we identify with Black men, Black women, Chinese-Americans, etc.�(Day, 86).
Day, Frances Ann. Multicultural Voices in Contemporary Literature. Portsmouth, NH:
     Heinemann, 1999.
Zelda Beckford
AFAM 398.01
April 30, 2002
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