November 23, 2001: Attorney General Ashcroft orders “volunteer questioning” of 5,000+ men who come from countries where al-Qaeda has a “terrorist presence.”

2002: Special Registration program requires men & boys 16+ from 25 countries (primarily Muslim and including Bangladesh and Pakistan) to report to local immigration office. 83,000 register; none charged with terrorist- related activity. 13,000+ placed in deportation proceedings (35% of Pakistani descent); 2,000+ deported.