Birkle Hills/ Keiss. |
NB. THIS STONE IS NOW IN THE MUSEUM OF SCOTLAND, EDINBURGH.
The stone was found on the Links of
Keiss, which is an area on the East coast of Caithness, about 7
miles (11 kms) North of Wick. It is bounded on the seaward side
by sand dunes, and inland by the Loch of Wester. Apparently, the
area is full of historic relics of all sorts.
In the old Ordnance Survey Maps, there were two mounds called
"Castles Linglas" but the locals called them the "Birkle
Hills".
Sir Frances Tress Barry, the local MP, undertook to excavate
these mounds in 1894-95, and the bigger one turned out to be a
well preserved base of a broch. The smaller one turned out be
covering a rectangular drystane building with sandstone slabs for
paving. When they were examining these, they saw the symbols on
this example. It was broken in two, and one triangular section
was badly flaked. He donated his find to the National Museum of
Antiquities of Scotland in Edinburgh in 1895, and they set all
the pieces in cement to restore it.
It is impossible to say whether this is the whole stone, since it
is obviously broken. (See below)
The Stone.
It is an irregular slab of the local Old Red Sandstone, certainly broken in two. The Triple-Oval symbol falls off the "RH" side, so it is possible there was once more of it. I call it RH side, because I am following the convention of treating it as depicted in ECMS, ie circular symbol to the left, and the Triple-Oval to the right. There is no way of knowing whether it was designed to lie flat as found, or upright, and if upright which symbol should be uppermost. On the other hand, the orientation of the Triple Oval implies that it should at the very least lie on its side, if not actually prone. It may have been designed as part of a coffin cover. Other stones have been recovered from such positions, and it is possible that was their intended use, rather than a re-use at a later date. I was tempted to say it was unlikely to have been conceived as a flooring slab, but later generations have put considerably more effort into carving graveslabs, only to lay them as paving that becomes totally eroded with traffic over them.
The Symbols.
The stone has only two symbols on it,
both single-line incised.
[1] There is a circular one with five semi-circles
arranged around a circle in the centre, not unlike a stylized
flower. It has a further ovalish figure attached to its RH side,
and this in turn has an oval within it, where the two other
figures meet. It creates an overall impression of an old-fashioned
fob watch, with a decorated case, and its winder and loop to hang
it by.
Consensus of opinion has it being an unfinished Triple-Disc
symbol. Another viewpoint is that it could be a Mirror symbol.
It is one of those annoying mysteries of Pictish studies.
If it is a Triple-Disc symbol, why is it unfinished? Or was it
completed, and the other side has just flaked off?
If it is a Mirror, where is its handle?
Is it perhaps a symbol in its own right?
[2] The Triple Oval is incomplete, but that is
merely due to flaking of the RH side and top.
[1] As a Triple Disc,
the first symbol is relatively rare, being the only
representative of it in the area, although there are three others
further North on the same coast, out of a total 14. Interestingly
there are 3 of them grouped close together in Angus, and two of
these at Glamis (see below) ie Glamis 1 and 2.
As a Mirror, it would be the only one in this area, the bulk of
them appearing much further South, although there are three in
Orkney, and even one in Shetland.
[2] The Triple Oval is a rare symbol on stones.
To date, there are three from this district, one from close to
Inverness, and a fifth from Glamis, (Glamis 4)
but it is only a fragment so it is impossible to know what other
signs it might be combined with, unless other fragments that
match it turn up. Who knows what's in that rockery at Glamis?
Glamis 1 and 2 both have both the Triple Disc symbol, and the Mirror without Comb, and are complete as they are, but is there a possibility that there is a stone in the vicinity with a Triple Disc and Triple Oval, or is the Birkle Hills Stone destined to have a unique combination of symbols?