Mass renormalization in classical electrodynamics, David J. Griffiths and Russell E. Owen, Am. J. Phys., 51(12), December 1983
The electromagnetic mass of a charged object cab be calculated by three independent methods: (1) mu = u/c2, where u is the field energy of the object at rest, (2) mp = p/v, where p is the field momentum when the particle is moving at speed v, and (3) ms = F/a, where F is the self-force when the object has acceleration z. In the context of a simple dumbbell model we demonstrate that mp = ms , but these in general exceed mu.