Hradcany is the castle district, from my point of view the most important of the city. We needed almost a whole day for visiting this vast complex of museums, churches and castle fortifications. We began the walk at the Malostranska station (tram 22). After climbing up the steps, you get to the entrance of the castle with a guard standing besides the entrance.
The Toy Museum (40 kr) is really cool, because it does not only have a collection of beautiful bohemian made toys from centuries, but also has an exhausting collection of all Barbie dolls made (which was even impressive for me as a hater of this commercial product). Walking to the right behind the Toy Museum, one get into the Golden Line, a quarter with tiny houses of the 16th century. Franz Kafka was born in the house no. 22 in 1883. Today, all the shops in the Golden Line offer his books among others.
Back on the main street, you continue to the "namesti U sv Jifi" (Place of St. George). On the right, you can go into St. George Church and Convent. Here you can buy a ticket (180 kr.) including the most important buildings of the complex (St. George church, St. Vincent cathedral and the Old Royal Palace). It is advisable to get an audio guide for 150 kr. per person from the information center which is located at the other side of the complex behind St. Vincent Church. While listening to the explanations, you can see the paintings and architecture.
While the Church of St. George is a Romanesque building, the convents includes the national Gallery from the Middle ages. Going left over the St. George Place, one enters the Old Royal Palace. It contains quite some nice paintings as well old furniture. It is important historical side because the famous "Prager Fenstersturz" (where two high-ranking Catholics were thrown out of the window by Protestant nobles) which lead to the thirty year war.
Back on the courtyard, you find the huge Gothic church of St. Vincent. It was begun in 1344 and finally finished in 1929! It contains beautiful stained-glass windows, frescoes and tombstones (one of the founder of the crypt). Behind the passage to the second courtyard, there is the Prague Castle Gallery.
When you are now leaving on Hradcanske namesti, don't be tempted to take any taxi there, because you will get definitely screwed as we were. Instead, I would suggest you to visit the Military History museum or the National Gallery with a really fine collection of paintings on the other side of the place (when we were there, some construction was undertaken and the entrance was free therefore).
The jewish quarter is located behind Staromestske namesti with the entrance at Siroka street, where you can buy the tickets to all the synagogues and museums for 450 kr. Usually, you get a paper cap for free because you have to cover your had inside the synagogues. The visit starts with the Pinkas synagogue which contains the names of the 77,297 Czech Jews murdered by the Nazis.
From the Pinkas Synagogue you walk through the Old Jewish Cemetery with 12,000 tombstones. The oldest grave dates 1439. The cemetery was used until 1787. In the Klaus and the subsequent synagogues, you will find many explanations on Jewish religion, the history of Jews in Bohemia and Moravia and their fight for equality of rights.