Table. Type of Civil Service System and Prevalence of Academic Public Administration.
Note: Compiled on the basis of EIPA (1997) and TNPA (1999) by Pertti Ahonen, 2000. The extreme ends of the variable "civil service system" involve 0 vs. 10 points in the EIPA (1997) variable for a career civil service system. As a matter of fact, the qualified position and the qualified career systems were rather close to the respective ends of the civil service system variable. Norway, absent in EIPA (1997) and USA, absent in both studies, have been added by Pertti Ahonen.
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| Academic P.A./Civil Service System | Position | Qualified Position | Qualified Career | Career |
| High and Deep Prevalence | SE, DK,NL,NO | FI | - | FR |
| High Prevalence | UK, USA | - | ES | IR |
| Medium Prevalence | IT | - | - | DE, BE, LU |
| Low Prevalence | - | - | - | GR, PT, AT |
