Building Spatail Database Management
1. Introduction

       In this assignment have related with assignment two. Basically, the main idea for these tasks is building a spatial database, and distributes the database to be a map publishing on the Internet, which use ArcView IMS (Internet Map Server) for supporting in the extension option. Moreover, the spatial database design, detail timeline of activities and future scheduling, detailed procedures of student specific contributions as well as procedure of map publishing should be explained, as well as data dictionary and metadata must be available.
1.1 Brief background theory
       The GIS has two distinct utilization capabilities, the first pertaining to querying and obtaining information and the second pertaining to integrated analytical modeling. However, both of these capabilities depend upon the core of the GIS database that has been organized. Many a GIS utilization has been limited because of improper database organization. The importances of the GIS database stems from the database are closely interrelated and thus need to be structured for easy integration and retrieval. The GIS database has also to cater to the different needs of applications. (UN, 1996)
        The spatial database is a collection of spatially referenced data that acts as a model of reality.
        A database is a model of reality in the sense that database represents a selected set of phenomena.
       These selected phenomena are deemed important enough to represent in digital form.
       The digital representation might be for some past, present or future time period (or contain some combination of several time periods in an organized fashion)
        Database design is providing a comprehensive framework for database. It allows the database to viewed in its entirely so that interaction between elements can be evaluated. It also permits identification of potential problem and design alternatives. Database design must be wisely, effective and efficiency. Furthermore, providing broad context of data should be considered. (Aronoff, 1986)
There are three steps of database design. (Maududie, 2001)
Conceptual design
        Software and hardware independent
         Describe and defines included entities and spatial objects
         Identifies how entities will be represented in the database
         Requires decisions about how real-world dimensionality and relationships will be  represented
Logical design
       Software specific but hardware independent
       Determined by database management system
       Detail how entities are related to each other
Physical design
      Both hardware and software specific
      Related to issues of file structure, memory size and access requirement
1.2 Why the database was created?
     Because of GIS database need to provide a comprehensive frame of the database and also allow the database to be viewed in its entirety so that interaction and linkages between elements can be defined and evaluated. Apart from its design would be also permit identification of potential bottlenecks and problem areas so that design alternatives can be considered. Identify the essential and correct data and filter out irrelevant data. Define updating procedures so that newer data can be incorporated in future.
     As we have already knew that GIS database include three major stages. Each stage is interrelated to the next stage of the design and impacts the organization in a major way. For example, if the concepts clearly defined, then the logical design is easier done and if the logical design is clear the physical design is also easy. The success or failure of a GIS project is determined by strength of the design and a good deal of time must be allocated to the design activity.
1.3 Brief summary of database design
1.3.1 Conceptual design (CD)
         CD Basically laying down the application requirements and specifying the end-utilization of the database. The conceptual design is independent of hardware and also software and could be a wish list of utilization goals. The conceptual design (CD) should be easier for the logical designing of the GIS database, which must be including Entity relationship (ER) or diagramming a spatial relationship. Firstly, we should created the specific the ultimate use of the GIS database in which this purpose I would concern in ?GIS database for shrimp cultural farming management?. In this case the level or detail of GIS database is micro-level and also should be included spatial elements of GIS database and non-spatial elements of GIS database.
1.3.2 Logical design (LD)
        Which is the specification of the database, in terms of the content, tolerances and accuracies, procedure for creation and so on. This design sets out the logical structure of the database elements and it also independent of the GIS package. LD definition of the database and is a more detailed organization activity in GIS. The naming convention and data dictionary must be contained foe this step. The vector-base data will be stored in ArcView GIS shape file (*.shp). The structure of naming convention for attribute name is the abbreviation of the name coverage with the embedded with ?ID?. 
1.3.3 Physical design (PD)
        Physical design (PD), which pertains to the hardware and software characteristics and requires consideration of the file structure, memory and disk space, access and speed and so on. 
2. Procedures:
2.1 Detailed timeline of activities and future scheduling
2.1.1 Time of activities
Detail
Time
Activities
Part I
Database Design Find out book reference and then create a database base on our background 22/08/2001
Data Collection Colleting the data that we need, which in have derived from BTIC 29/08/2001
Testing Data and adjusting After we got the data and then check type of data format it whether can open or not. Translate some information from bahasa   Indonesia to English language. Adjusting attribute in each theme to fit 05/09/2001
12/10/2001
Data Dictionary Create a complete data dictionary that very important in the step for database creation 12/10/2001
Database Creation Examining database design that contain with conceptual design, logical design and physical database design 19/10/2001
Part II
Data Structure Performing about type of attribute data, class of spatial data and attribute database file format. Do flowchart as well 30/10/2001
Spatial Data Programming I Download MapObjectLT to Visual Basic software for displaying our map. Creating data information that we would like to show in excel. Importing *dbf file into *.mdb file in access for data adding in       the table 10/10/2001
Spatial Data Programming II Writing program (code in Visual Basic 5) for user interface design that in this task should be included with data exploring,       data searching, data adding, data updating and data displaying 17/10/2001
Building software Package application database software into CD, which should be including all data that we used 24/10/2001
Part III
Data Completion Be revise data again for completing data including metadata and also collect data in the same directory 31/10/2001
07/11/2001
Internet Publishing Learning and practicing about ArcView IMS, spatial database publication, Internet Web Server (IWS). Learning HTML as well as experiment on fortpage window. Creating IMS website and finally publishing its. 14/11/2001
21/11/2001
28/11/2001
Prepare Presentation Microsoft Powerpoint for presentation 05/12/2001
Presentation And also submitted assignment 12/12/2001
2.2.2 Future scheduling
NO. Updated       Time Remark
Layer
1. Boundary 10 Years Based on the Five Years Development Planning that compose with district boundary, sub-district boundary and also village       boundary
2. District Name 10 Years Based on the Five Years Development Planning, which is related with boundary (ex. If have new name of district boundary of course that district must be have the new name as well.
3. Current 1 Year Depended on regional development planning or depended on the project
4. Erosion Line 1 Year Depended on regional development planning or depended on the project
5. Open Zone 10 Years Based on the Five Years Development Planning
6. Landuse 1 Year Depended on regional development planning or depended on the project in each area such as settlement area, Fruit land and so on
7. Road 5 Year Need time for planning to build the new path, which might be extend high way, develop rail way that based on regional       development planning
8. Specific Area Fixed These layer are fixed in its zone
9. Pond No Sure Based on own business. However, information must be variable in Fisheries Institute in that region
10. Inlet 1 Year Depended on regional development planning or depended       on the project
11. Imagery Data Temporarily Depend on the project and purpose that is related       with the data requirement
12. Aerial Photograph Temporarily Depend on the project and purpose that is related       with the data requirement
2.2 Detailed procedures of student specific contributions
     Regarding to this subject, each student have to contribute own GIS database, so that I will be explain detailed of my procedures how are I contribute. In this first part, after I have design my database as well as have already collected data (Lampung) from BTIC, which have had layers included with boundary data contains district boundary, sub-district boundary and village boundary. District name layer that we can see this in the data dictionary in assignment number 1, Current data that have had detail about east current, west current, low tide and high tide, Erosion file, open zone that included of sea and the entire land, land use which in this task we have had six kinds of its. There are fertile land, fruit land, national way kambas, and national bukit barisan, paddy field and settlement area. Road data such as high way, railway, transect road. Specific area that compose several zone such as hill zone, marine area, mountain zone, trench canal and volcano region. Pond data file concern about shrimp pond area. And the last one is inlet.
     For procedures, imported entire that we have to ArcView and then customizing legends and also from the table/attribute edit name from bahasa Indonesia to English name. Creating the standard data dictionary. Doing spatial database design that include with conceptual design, logical design and logical design is the final task for first assignment.
    The procedures of GIS database programming part two involved data structure that performing about type of attribute data, class of spatial data and attribute database file format. Do flowchart as well.
     Data sources, all of data that have had used is shapefile, in scale 1: 250000, at year 1992 from BTIC. Software for performing is ArcViw3.1.
     For Spatial Data Programming I Download MapObjectLT to Visual Basic software for displaying our map. Creating data information that we would like to show in excel. Importing *dbf file into *.mdb file in access for data adding in the table as well as in Spatial Data Programming II we have wrote program (code in Visual Basic 5) for user interface design that in this task should be included with data exploring, data searching, data adding, data updating and data displaying.
     Data sources derived and modified from first assignment. Software that used Arc View 3.1, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, Internet explore and Visual Basic5.
    The procedures of spatial database part three contained Data Completion, Be revise data again for completing data including metadata and also collect data in the same directory and Internet publishing.
Internet Publishing
      1.  Add our directory name for linking between our data and Internet (Start/Program/MIS common/ISM/select service WWW.
       2.  In ArcViw checked Internet Map Server from Extension and then deal with ArcView until finished and then do not forget to active all themes in TOC.
       3. Set MapCafe setup dialog in default from file menu in ArcView.
       4. Set  web page setups in our path under specify a name and location for the web page ArcView will create for you.
       5. Then  serve its. Now you can see aspect of map like View dialog box of ArcView  that available in Internet.
       6. I would like to show some diagram that aggregate among Web Browser, Web Server and ArcView as in the page.
Data source used the same with assignment number one. For software included with ArcView ArcIMS, Window NT and Internet explorer.
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