| Metformin (Glucophage) for polycystic ovary syndrome Examples metformin hydrochloride (Glucophage, Glucophage XR) How It Works Metformin lowers blood sugar levels by: Decreasing the amount of sugar produced by the liver. Increasing the amount of sugar absorbed by muscle cells and decreasing the body's resistance to insulin (insulin resistance). Why It Is Used Metformin may be used to induce ovulation, regulate menstrual cycles, and decrease the risk of miscarriage in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin: Does not cause the pancreas to produce more insulin and when taken alone will not cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). May reduce the amount of fat (lipids) in the bloodstream and lower (lipid and triglyceride) levels. Has been shown to reduce abnormal clotting factors and markers of inflammation that can lead to hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Decreases the level of testosterone. Metformin can be used to treat women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to reduce insulin levels and promote normal ovarian function. Metformin can be used in addition to eating a healthy diet, losing weight, and exercising regularly. How Well It Works Metformin lowers insulin levels and improves metabolism in insulin resistant women. Metformin does not cause weight gain. Side Effects The most common side effects of metformin are: Nausea. Loss of appetite. Diarrhea. Increased abdominal gas. A metallic taste. These side effects occur 20% to 30% of the time. Side effects usually decrease over time. The dosage of metformin is usually increased gradually to prevent these possible side effects.1 Blood levels of vitamin B12 can decrease in women who take this medication, but the lower level usually does not cause health problems. A rare side effect of metformin use is a condition called lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis develops when muscles release lactic acid during exercise. If the liver is not able to convert the lactic acid into sugar, the acid builds up in the blood. If not treated, this acid buildup can lead to coma and death. Metformin should not be used in women who: Have kidney or liver failure. Have low levels of oxygen in their blood (hypoxia). Abuse alcohol. Are dehydrated. The use of metformin during pregnancy should be discussed with your health professional. What To Think About Metformin may need to be stopped temporarily before major surgery or other medical procedures, such as Xrays using contrast dyes. The effect of metformin may be increased if you also take cimetidine (Tagamet). Metformin interacts with anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin. Discuss your medication use with your health professional. Metformin is safe to use in teenage girls with PCOS after hormonal and antiandrogen medications have been tried. See a list of questions to ask your doctor about medications. References Citations Barbieri RL (2002). Polycystic ovary syndrome. Scientific American Medicine, vol. 3, Women's Health, chap. 5. New York: WebMD. Credits Author Kathe Gallagher, MSW Editor Geri Metzger Associate Editor Lila Havens Primary Medical Reviewer Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH - Family Practice Specialist Medical Reviewer Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology Last Updated May 24, 2004 |
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