Jules Lequier

... portions of the ... translations are ... our own; ... the passages from Lequier ... and the admirable Fock paraphrases of Socinus, are here, so far as we know, presented for the first time in English.
(Charles Hartshorne and William L. Reese, Philosophers Speak of God, University of Chicago Press, 1953, p. ix).

LEQUIER (1814-62)
About one hundred ago the reasoning of Socinus concerning omniscience and time reappeared in the French philosopher Lequier. ...
How far Lequier was actually influenced by Socinianism we shall not attempt to decide. He had at least some acquaintance with the movement. In any case, his originality is sufficiently remarkable. ...
In all Western world, who else in the middle of the last centry had the equivalent of the ideas expressed in the texts which follow? (Fechner comes closest perhaps. Hints might have been derived from l'Abbe Bautain). Such was the remarkable originality and prophetic power of Lequier
Free Will a Self-creation
290. ... "What a terrifying marvel: man deliberates and God awaits his decision." ...
Free Will Implies Change in God
291. "God, who sees things change, changes also in beholding them, or else he does not perceive that they change."
Omniscience and Future Events
292 There is contradiction in saying that a thing will be, and that it might well not be. One must choose: either the reality of free will with the ambiguity of future events, or the appearance of free will with the certainty of the future.
293 I believe that God has only a conjectural knowledge of the acts determined by human activity, so long as these acts are only potential; and it is only after they are realized that he knows them as realized.
294 Probus. Since God can do all things, God can make a square circle? Otherwise something would be impossible for him.
Caliste. A square circle is not anything.
Probus. Correct. But . . . can a man resist the will of God?
Caliste. Only the wicked resists God, but God punishes the wicked.
Probus. And does the wicked do something in doing evil?
Caliste He does what he ought not to do, and he does not what he ought to do.
Probus. Just as one says, without restricting the power of God, that he cannot cause contradictories to exist together, and that his will, without ceasing to be supreme, does not will all that occurs, should one not similarly say: the infinite knowledge of God cannot apply itself to that which by its very nature is not an object of this knowledge?
Caliste. I do not understand you very well.
Probus. A square circle cannot be the object of divine power; the evil will of the wicked is not intended by the will of God; similarly a volition which I am free to effect or not to effect is not known in advance by God.
Caliste. What language! God then is ignorant of something.
Probus. That which he does not know is not a thing: as you said just now that a square circle is not a thing.
Listen. You are free to do something. God does not know that you will do it, since you are able not to do it, and God does not know that you will not do it, since you can do it. ...
[Sec. 290 [291, 292, 294] Jules Lequier, La Recherche d'une première vérité, from ed. Ch. Renouvier (Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1924), ... etc. Sec. 293, Jean Wahl, Jules Lequier, (Geneva and Paris: Éditions des Trois Collines, 1948), p. 78. ..]
(idem, pp. 227 - 230).

(WPT)

Lequier, Jules, 1814-1862. Title La recherche d'une premi�re v�rit�; fragments posthumes, recueillis par Charles Renouvier. Notice biographique par L. Dugas. ... Paris, A. Colin, 1924. 3 p. l., [3]-424 p. 22cm. "Notice bibliographique": p. [53]-58.
La philosophie de Jules Lequier / Jean Grenier. Paris, Soci�t� d'�dition "Les Belles lettres", 1936. 3 p. l., [9]-343 p., 3 l. incl. plates. 25 cm. Publications de la Facult� des lettres d'Alger. IIIe s�r., t. x "Table des r�f�rences" and "Errata et addenda" (1 leaf) inserted at end. Thesis (doctoral)--Universit� de Paris, 1936. "Bibliographie": p. [331]-335.
Jules Lequier 1814-1862. [Gene�ve] : Traits, [1948] 177, [6] p. 17 cm. Added Entry Wahl, Jean Andre�, 1888-1974.
Comment trouver, comment chercher une premi�re v�rit� / Jules Lequier. Paris : Editions de l'Eclat : Editions du Scribe : Mercure diffusion, c1985. 126, [2] p. ; 19 cm. Collection Philosophie imaginaire ;no 1 "Le murmure de Lequier (vie imaginaire), par Michel Valensi": p. [119]-126. Bibliography: p. [127]. ISBN 2905372001 :
Translation of works of Jules Lequyer / edited and with an introduction by Donald Wayne Viney. Lewiston, N.Y. : E. Mellen Press, c1998. xiv, 166 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Studies in the history of philosophy (Lewiston, N.Y.) ;v. 48. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-166). Contents The hornbeam leaf -- The dialogue of the predestinate and the reprobate -- Eugene and Theophilus. ISBN 0773483667 (hardcover)
Jules Lequyer's Abel and Abel / translation by Mark West. Followed by "Incidents in the life and death of Jules Lequyer" : biography / by Donald Wayne Viney. Lewiston, N.Y. : Edwin Mellen Press, c1999. xiii, 200 p., [3] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 24 cm. Series Studies in the history of philosophy (Lewiston, N.Y.) ;v. 51. Note Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-196) and index. ISBN 0773479341 088946300X (series) Added Entry Viney, Donald Wayne. Added Entry Incidents in the life and death of Jules Lequyer.

Charles Hartshorne and the existence of God / Donald Wayne Viney. Albany : State University of New York Press, c1985. Description xiii, 163 p. ; 24 cm. Series SUNY series in philosophy. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 145-157. ISBN 0873959078 0873959086 (pbk.)
A philosopher looks at the bible / by Donald Wayne Viney. Pittsburg : [Friends of Timmons Chapel, 1992] 48 p. Occasional paper ;no.1

A concordance to the French poetry and prose of John Gower / compiled by R.F. Yeager, Mark West, Robin L. Hinson. ; with the assistance of Adrienne Hollifield. East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University Press, 1997. x, 900 p. ; 24 cm. Series Medieval texts and studies ;no. 17 Note "A Colleagues book." ISBN 0870134744 (alk. paper)

L'empreinte : roman / Michel Valensi. Tunis : �ditions Salammb�, 1983. 162 p : ill., music ; 21 cm.
Histoire de l'expulsion des Juifs de Sicile 1492 / Isidoro La Lumia ; traduit de l'italien par Michel Valensi. Paris : Allia, 1992. 73 p. ; 22 cm. Note Essai publié en 1870 dans les Etudes d'histoire sicilienne. Titre original de l'éd. rééditée chez Sellerio : Gli Ebrei siciliani. Originally published in 1870 under the series, Etudes d'histoire sicilienne. Reissued by Editions Sellerio under the title, Ebrei siciliani. ISBN 2904235531

�crivains et po�tes des �tats-Unis d'Am�rique. [Paris] Fontaine, 1945. Description 217, [3] p., 1 l. 24 cm. Translations into French. Added Entry Wahl, Jean Andr�, 1888-1974.
Wahl, Jean Andr�, 1888-1974. Title The philosopher's way. New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 1948. xiv, 334 p. 23 cm.
Wahl, Jean André, 1888-1974. Title La pensée philosophique de Nietzsche des années 1885-1888. Paris : Centre de Documentation Universitaire, [1959] 162 p. 27 cm. "Les Cours de Sorbonne"
L'avant derni�re pens�e de Nietzche / Jean Wahl. Paris : Centre de documentation universitaire, 1961. 263 p. ; 7 cm. Cours de Sorbonne
Title Nietzsche; pr�sentation de Jean Wahl, choix et traduction de Henri Albert Publisher [Paris] Mercure de France [c1963] Description 252 p Series Plus belles pages
Author Wahl, Jean Andr�, 1888-1974. Title Bergson, par Jean Wahl. Publisher Paris, Centre de documentation universitaire, 1965. Description 161 p. 27 cm. Series Les Cours de Sorbonne. Philosophie Series Cours de Sorbonne.Philosophie.

W. Paul Tabaka
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