William Jones

 

Sir William Jones 17 February 1770 to Prince Adam Czartoryski
'How so many European words crept into the Persian language, I know not with certainty.  Procopius, I think, mentions the great intercourse, both in war and peace, between the Persians and the nations in the north of Europe and Asia, whom the ancients knew by the general name of Scythians.  Many learned investigators of antiquity are fully persuaded, that a very old and almost primæval language was in use among these northern nations, from which not only the Celtic dialect but even Greek and Latin are derived ; in fact we find [pater] and [mater] in Persian, nor is [thugater] so far removed from dockter, or even [onoma] and nomen from nâm, as to make it ridiculous to suppose that they sprang from the same root.  We must confess that these researches are very obscure and uncertain ; (etc).'

    Life of Sir W. Jones, vol. i, p. 239.

The Science of Language by Max Müller
Founded on lectures delivered at the Royal Institution in 1861 and 1863
New York : Scribner's Sons 1891, vol. i, pp. 223-4.

 

From Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, 1969 by Calvert Watkins

Speaking to the Asiatick Society in Calcutta on February 2, 1786, the English orientalist and jurist Sir William Jones uttered his famous pronouncement:
. . . the Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident ; so strong, indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists.

(page xi)

* * *

. . .   In the words of . . . the French scholar Antoine Meillet, "we will term Indo-European language every language which at any time whatever, in any place whatever, and however altered, is a form taken by this ancestor language, and which thus continues by an uninterrupted tradition the usage of Ind-Europeans."

Those dialects or branches of Indo-European still represented today by one or more languages are Indo-Iranian, Greek, Armenian, Slavic, Baltic, Albanian, Celtic, Italic, and Germanic. (Etc.)

The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots,
Boston : Houghton Mifflin 1985, p. ix.

 

Comment The terms 'Aryan', 'Indogermanic', 'Indo-European', as applied to a group of peoples and a family of languages, have been largely synonymous (please see Skeat, Brückner, etc.). 'Indogermanic' seems to have been usually preferred by the German authors—not surprisingly.

The term 'Aryan' had been used in certain racial theories and propaganda in Germany 1933-1945—but what use to blame a term ?

'A word is not the thing'. One may keep in mind that there have been many propositions on the matters 'Aryan' by first-order scholars which might remain as true and actual as ever. One might also try carefully to distinguish (a) the genetic research and (b) the linguistic, the latter being far more exact than the former.

(WPT, April 04)

 

Bibliographic William Jones

1 Full Record Author Newton, Isaac, Sir, 1642-1727 Title Analysis per quantitatum series, fluxiones, ac differentias [microform:] cum enumeratione linearum tertii ordinis Publisher Londini : Ex Officina Pearsoniana, 1711 Format Book Library UCSF UCSD 2 Full Record Author Newton, Isaac, Sir, 1642-1727. Title Analysis per quantitatum series, fluxiones, ac differentias [microform]: cum enumeratione linearum tertii ordinis. Publisher Londini : Ex Officina Pearsoniana, 1711. Format Book Library UCD UCLA 3 Full Record Author Jones, W. (William), 1675-1749. Title Synopsis palmariorum matheseos : or, A new introduction to the mathematics: containing the principles of arithmetic & geometry demonstrated, in a short and easie method; with their application to the most useful parts thereof ... Design'd for the benefit, and adapted to the capacities of beginners. By W. Jones. Publisher London, Printed by J. Matthews for J. Wale, 1706. Format Book Library UCLA 4 Full Record Author Jones, W. (William), 1675-1749. Title Synopsis palmariorum matheseos, or, A new introduction to the mathematics, containing the principles of arithmetic and geometry demonstrated in a short and easie method ... design'd for ... beginners / By W. Jones. Publisher London : Printed by J. Matthews for Jeff. Wale, 1706. Format Book Library UCB

William Jones (son)

1 Full Record Dole, Nathan Haskell, 1852-1935, Flowers from Persian poets, □9 2 Full Record Kālidāsa Sacontal�E; On the mystical poetry of the Persians and Hindus ; G��ag�vinda / 2001 3 Full Record Representing India : Indian culture and imperial control in eighteenth-century British orientalist discourse / 2000 4 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments / 1998 5 Full Record Sir William Jones, 1746-1794 : a commemoration / 1998 6 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. Sir William Jones : selected poetical and prose works / 1995 7 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. Sir William Jones, a reader / 1993 8 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments 1987 9 Full Record Reynolds, H. R. (Henry Revell), ca. 1775-1854. A letter to the Right Reverend the Lord bishop of London on the law of marriage within the prohibited degrees of affinity : with his Lordship's speech on the presentation of petitions to the House of Lords by Lord Wharncliffe ... and a letter from the late Sir William Jones / 1986 10 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The works of Sir William Jones with the life of the author / 1985 11 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The works of Sir William Jones / 1984 12 Full Record Jochmann, Carl Gustav, 1789-1830. Die R�Ekschritte der Poesie / 1982 13 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The principles of government in a dialogue between a scholar and a peasant / 1980 14 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An inquiry into the legal mode of suppressing riots with a constitutional plan of future defence / 1980 15 Full Record An Easy introduction to the game of chess containing one hundred examples of games, and a great variety of critical situations and conclusions, including the whole of Philidor's analysis, with copious selections from Stamma, the Calabrois, etc. ... : to which are added, Caissa, a poem / 1978 16 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The works of Sir William Jones / 1976 17 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments 1974 18 Full Record Sajāwandī, Sirāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, 12th cent. al Sirajiyyah : or, The Mahommedan law of inheritance, reprinted from the translation of Sir William Jones, published at Calcutta, in 1792 / 1971 19 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The letters of Sir William Jones; 1970 20 Full Record Rosenthal, Ethel. The story of Indian music and its instruments; a study of the present & a record of the past; together with Sir William Jones celebrated treatise in full, with 19 plates chiefly of instruments, music illustrations, and a map, 21 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. A grammar of the Persian language, 1771. 1969 22 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on law of bailments 1968 23 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on law of bailments 1968 24 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794 An essay on the law of bailments 1966 25 Full Record Music of India 1962 26 Full Record Kālidāsa. Sacontal�E or, The fatal ring an Indian drama / 1954 27 Full Record Sir William Jones, bicentenary of his birth : commemoration volume, 1746-1946. 1948 28 Full Record Rosenthal, Ethel. The story of Indian music and its instruments a study of the present & a record of the past / 1938 29 Full Record Imruʾ al-Qays, 497-545. The poem of Amriolkais; one of the seven Arabian poems or Moallaka which were suspended on the temple at Mecca. 1930 30 Full Record Rosenthal, Ethel The story of Indian music and its instruments, a study of the present & a record of the past; together with Sir William Jones celebrated treatise in full, with 19 plates chiefly of instruments, music illustrations, and a map. 1929 31 Full Record Great Britain. India Office. Library. Catalogue of two collections of Sanskrit manuscripts preserved in the India office library. 1903 32 Full Record Dole, Nathan Haskell, 1852-1935. Flowers from Persian poets, 1901 33 Full Record Ḥāfiẓ, 14th cent Hāfiz, the prince of Persian lyric poets 1900 34 Full Record Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, Siraj-al-Dīn, al-Sajāwandī. Al Sirajiyyah; or, the Mahommedan law of inheritance. 1890 35 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The Hindu wife; or, The enchanted fruit, 1876 36 Full Record Kālidāsa. Sacontala; or, The fatal ring. 1870 37 Full Record Manu. Institutes of Hindu law ; or, The ordinances of Menu, according to the gloss of Cull�ca : comprising the Indian system of duties, religious and civil / 1869 38 Full Record Manu. M�nava dharma s�stra; or, The institutes of Manu according to the gloss of Kulluka, comprising the Indian system of duties, religious and civil; 1863 39 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments. From the last London ed., with notes and an appendix. 1836 40 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments 41 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments / 1833 42 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. A grammar of the Persian language 1828 43 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments 1828 44 Full Record Manu. Mānava-dherma-sāstra; or, the institutes of Menu. 1825 45 Full Record An easy introduction to the game of chess : containing one hundred examples of games and a great variety of critical situations and conclusions ; including the whole of Philidor's analysis with copious selections from stamma, the calabrois, &c. / 1824 46 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments. 1823 47 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. A grammar of the Persian language. 1823 48 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The poems of Sir William Jones. 1822 49 Full Record An easy introduction to the game of chess; containing one hundred examples of games, and a great variety of critical situations and conclusions, including the whole of Philidor's analysis, with selections from Stamma, the Calabrois, &c, to which are added, Caissa, a poem, by Sir William Jones, The morals of chess, by Dr. Franklin, &c. 1820 50 Full Record An easy introduction to the game of chess... including the whole of Philidor's analysis... 1820 51 Full Record An Easy introduction to the game of chess containing one hundred examples of games, and a great variety of critical situations and conclusions, including the whole of Philidor's analysis, with copious selections from Stamma, the Calabrois, etc. ... : to which are added, Caissa, a poem / 1817 52 Full Record Pratt, Peter, fl. 1810, Studies of chess; containing, Ca�Esa, a poem, 1814 53 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794 An essay on the law of bailments 1813 54 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. A grammar of the Persian language / 1809 55 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The poetical works of Sir William Jones. 1808 56 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on law of bailments 1807 57 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments 1807 58 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. Works, with the life of the author 1807 59 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The works of Sir William Jones ; 1807 60 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The poetical works of Sir William Jones : With the life of the author. 1807 61 Full Record Teignmouth, John Shore, Baron, 1751-1834. Memoirs of the life, writings, and correspondence, of Sir William Jones. 1807 62 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on law of bailments 1806 63 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments. 1806 64 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments / 1804 65 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments 1804 66 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. A grammar of the Persian language / 1804 67 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. A grammar of the Persian language 1801 68 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The principles of government in a dialogue between a scholar and a peasant / 1800 69 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The works of Sir William Jones... 1799 70 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments. 1796 71 Full Record Kālidāsa. Sacontal�E or, The fatal ring : an Indian drama / 1796 72 Full Record Manu Institutes of Hindu law: or, The ordinances of Menu, according to the gloss of Cull�ca. Comprising the Indian system of duties, religious and civil. Verbally translated from the original Sanscrit. 1796 73 Full Record Manu. Institutes of Hindu law: or, The ordinances of Menu, according to the gloss of Cull�ca. 1796 74 Full Record Dissertations and miscellaneous pieces relating to the history and antiquities, the arts, sciences, and literature, of Asia. by Sir W. Jones, W. Chambers ... and others. 1792 75 Full Record Kālidāsa. Sacontal�E or, The fatal ring: an Indian drama. 1792 76 Full Record Sajāwandī, Sirāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, 12th cent. al Sir�jiyyah: or, the Mohammedan law of inheritance; with a commentary, 1792 77 Full Record Kālidāsa. Sakontala, oder, Der entscheidende Ring : ein indisches Schauspiel / 1791 78 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An essay on the law of bailments. 1790 79 Full Record Hātifī, d. 1520 or 1. Lail�EMajn�n, 1788 80 Full Record The Asiatic miscellany : consisting of translations, imitations, fugitive pieces, original productions, and extracts from curious publications / 1787 81 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794 An inquiry into the legal mode of suppressing riots. : With a constitutional plan of future defence. Published in July 1780. / 1785 82 Full Record Shipley, William Davies, 1745-1826. The whole of the proceedings at the Assizes at Shrewsbury, on Friday August the sixth, 1784, in the cause of the King on the prosecution of William Jones, attorney at law, against the Rev. William Davies Shipley, dean of St. Asaph, for a libel : before the Hon. Francis Buller, Esq., one of the judges of His Majesty's Court of the King's Bench / 1784 83 Full Record Shipley, William Davies, 1745-1826. The whole of the proceedings at the assizes at Shrewsbury, on Friday August the sixth, 1784, in the cause of the King on the prosecution of William Jones, attorney at law, against the Rev. William Davies Shipley, dean of St. Asaph. For a libel. Before the Hon. Francis Buller, esq. ... 1784 84 Full Record Shipley, William Davies, 1745-1826, The whole of the proceedings at the assizes at Shrewsbury, on Friday August the sixth, 1784, in the cause of the King on the prosecution of William Jones, attorney at law, against the Rev. William Davies Shipley, dean of St. Asaph. For a libel. Before the Hon. Francis Buller, esq. 1784 85 Full Record Shipley, William Davies, 1745-1826. The proceedings in the cause, the King against the dean of St. Asaph, on the prosecution of William Jones, gent., for a libel at the Great Session held at Wrexham, for the county of Denbigh, on Monday, Sept. 1, 1783, before the hon. Lloyd Kenyon .. and the Hon. Daines Barrington / 1783 86 Full Record Ibn al-Mutafanninah, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī, 1103 or 4-1181 or 2. The Mahomedan law of succession to the property of intestates, in Arabick, engraved on copper plates from an ancient manuscript, 1782 87 Full Record Muʻallaqāt. English & Arabic The Moallak�t, or Seven Arabian poems, : which were suspended on the temple at Mecca; / 1782 88 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. The muse recalled. An ode, occasioned by the nuptials of Lord Viscount Althorp and Miss Lavinia Bingham, eldest daughter of Charles Lord Lucan, March VI, M.DCC.LXXXI, 1781 89 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. An inquiry into the legal mode of suppressing riots, : with a constitutional plan of future defence. 1780 90 Full Record Isaeus, ca. 420-ca. 350 B.C. The speeches of Isaeus in causes concerning the law of succession to property at Athens / 1779 91 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. Poems, consisting chiefly of translations from the Asiatick languages. To which are added two essays; I. On the poetry of the eastern nations. II. On the arts, commonly called imitative. 1777 92 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. Poeseos asiaticae commentariorum: libri sex, cum appendice/ 1777 93 Full Record Mahdı̄ Khān Astarābādi, fl. 1733-1759. The history of the life of Nader Shah, king of Persia extracted from an Eastern manuscript, which was translated into French by order of His Majesty the King of Denmark ... / 1773 94 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. Poems, consisting chiefly of translations from the Asiatick languages. To which are added two essays. 1772 95 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. A grammar of the Persian language. 1771 96 Full Record Jones, William, Sir, 1746-1794. Lettre �Emonsieur A*** du P***. : Dans laquelle est compris l'examen de sa traduction des livres attribu�s �EZoroastre. 1771 97 Full Record Mahdī Khān Astarābādī, fl. 1733-1759. Histoire de Nader Chah, connu sous le nom de Thahmas Kuli Khan, empereur de Perse. 1770 98 Full Record Mahdī Khān Astarābādī, fl. 1733-1759. Histoire de Nader Chah connu sous le nom de Thahmas Kuli Khan, empereur de Perse : traduite d'un manuscrit persan, par ordre de Sa majest�Ele roi de Dannemark : avec des notes chronologiques, historiques, g�ographiques, et un trait�Esur la po�sie orientale /

 

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