SPAIN

"In Spain socialism has never made much progress. Senor Pablo Iglesias (1850-1925), the president of the General Workers' Union, was the only socialist to be elected to the Cortes in pre-war years, and he worked in alliance with the Republicans. The post-war years saw Spain become a military dictatorship similar to Italy, but at the moment (1930) there seems to be every indication that before long parliamentary government will be renewed, possibly under a Republican administration. The socialists, led by Julien Besteirro, who, like his predecessor, is also the president of the General Union of Workers, are convinced that a Republic is the only solution, etc."
(S.F. Markham, A History of Socialism, New York, London, 1931, p. 233).