CHAPTER 2 ANSWERS
CHAPTER 2 MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS
1. 7.312
2. The decimal point must be moved three places, giving three as the power
of ten needed.
3. 4,512
4. Because 0.0021 is less than one, the exponent will be negative.
Because 4540 is greater than one, the exponent will be positive.
5. a. 0.0007214
b. 601,500
c. 4,299
d. 0.000009089
6. a. -5, 6.7 x 10-5
b. 6, 9.331442 x 106
c. -4, 1 x 10-4
d. 4, 1.631 x 104
7. a. 1.25 x 104
b. 3.74 x 107
c. 6.023 x 1023
d. 3.75 x 102
e. 2.02 x 10-2
f. 1.550 x 10-1
g. 1.04 x 10-5
h. 1.29 x 10-19
8. a. 4.731 x 10-2
b. 4.284 x 103
c. 4.201 x 100
d. 1.41 x 10-10
e. 5.23 x 101
f. 4.909 x 10-2
g. 5.4331 x 107
h. 9.81 x 10-1
9. a. 4,215
b. 0.00007228
c. 0.09012
d. 102,400
e. 0.0000007091
f. 692.1
g. 0.19912
h. 18,010
i. 69,193,901
j. 0.008114
k. 100.0
l. 0.000008023
10. a. 483
b. 0.0007221
c. 6.1
d. 0.0000000911
e. 4,221,000
f. 0.00122
g. 9,999
h. 0.00001016
i. 101,600
j. 0.411
k. 97,100
l. 0.000971
11. a. 1.02 x 10-5
b. 4.551 x 107
c. 6.023 x 1023
d. 9.921 x 101
e. 6.5033 x 101
f. 8.178 x 10-5
g. 2.721 x 10-3
h. Number is already in standard scientific notation.
12. a. 1.312 x 10-1
b. 1.472 x 103
c. 1.201 x 10-3
d. 4.43 x 105
e. 7.21 x 100 or 7.21
f. 9.14 x 10-6
g. 1.29 x 101
h. 1.901 x 10-11
13. a. 9.681 x 10-4
b. 1 x 10-5
c. 1 x 107
d. 5 x 103
e. 3.233 x 10-7
f. 1 x 104
g. 1 x 10-9
h. 6.7 x 104
14. a. 3.1 x 103
b. 1 x 106
c. 1 or 1 x 100
d. 1.8 x 10-5
e. 1 x 107
f. 1.00 x 106
g. 1.00 x 10-7
h. 1 x 101
15. International System (SI)
16. grams
17. a. 103
b. 10-2
c. 10-3
d. 10-1
e. 10-9
f. 10-6
18. a. mega-
b. milli-
c. nano-
d. mega-
e. centi-
f. micro-
19. meter
20. A mile represents, by definition, a greater distance than a kilometer.
Therefore, 100 miles represents a greater distance that 100km.
21. decimeter
22. quart
23. 100km (approximately 63 miles)
24. kilogram
25. 100.
26. 1.75 m is approximately 5ft. 9�. Therefore the man is slightly taller.
27. c
28. d
29. c
30. d (the other units would give very large numbers for
the distance)
31. $10
32. 40 quarters
33. When we use a measuring scale to the limit of precision, we
estimate between the smallest divisions on the scale:
since this is our best estimate, the last significant digit
recorded is uncertain.
34. uncertainty
35. The third figure is uncertain.
36. The scale of the ruler is only marked to the nearest tenth
of a centimeter.
37. a. two
b. four
c. four
d. four
e. three
f. three
g. four
h. six
38. a. infinite
b. one
c. infinite
d. one
e. infinite
39. remain unchanged
40. final
41. a. 1.57 x 106
b. 2.77 x 10-3
c. 8.46 x 104
d. 0.00117
e. 0.0776
42. a. 3.13 x 102
b. 3.13 x 10-4
c. 3.13 x 107
d. 3.13 x 10-1
e. 3.13 x 10-2
43. a. 1.0240 x 102
b. 16.0
c. 1.639
d. 7.36
44. a. 3.42 x 10-4
b. 1.034 x 104
c. 1.7992 x 101
d. 3.37 x 105
45. smallest
46. decimal
47. two SF (significant figures)
48. three
49. only one
50. none
51. a. 102.623
b. 236.2
c. 3.0814
d. 4.67
52. a. 641.0
b. 1.327
c. 77.34
d. 3,125 or 3.125 x 103
53. a. 2.26
b. 8.4 x 1022
c. 1.5 x 105
d. 6.67 x 1012
54. a. 124
b. 1.995 x 10-23
c. 1.14 x 10-2
d. 5.3 x 10-4
55. a. 9.5 x 103
b. 5.00 x 107
c. 9.1 x 104
d. 8.527 x 10-6
56. a. 2.045
b. 3.8 x 103
c. 5.19 x 10-5
d. 3.8418 x 10-7
57. conversion factor
58. an infinite number
59. 1 yd 3ft
3 ft 1yd
60. 1ft 12in
12in 1ft
61. $0.79
1 lb
62. 1 lb
$0.79
63. a. 20.7 yd
b. 745 in.
c. 18.9 m
d. 18 qt
e. 17 L
f. 0.458 kg
g. 40. oz
h. 210 min
64. a. 2.44 yd
b. 42.2 m
c. 115 in.
d. 2238 cm
e. 648.1 mi
f. 716.9 km
g. 0.0362 km
h. 5.01 x 104
65. a. 24.6 in
b. 6.81 cm
c. 2.97 m
d. 5.41 yd
e. 0.684 yd
f. 3.94 km
g. 174 in.
h. 177oz
66. a. 0.2543 g
b. 2.74 x 103 g
c. 6.06 lb.
d. 96.7 oz
e. 1.177 lb
f. 794 g
g. 2.5 x 102
h. 1.62 oz
67. DM 34.8
$57.47
68. 3.1 x 102 km
3.1 x 105 m
1.0 x 106 ft
69. Intercity-225 is 15 mi/hr faster than Intercity-125.
(140 mph) (125 mph)
70. 1 x 10-8 cm
4 x 10-9 in
0.1 nm
71. Fahrenheit
72. Celsius
73. 212oC, 100oF
74. 273
75. 100
76. Fahrenheit (F)
77. a. 73 K
b. 423 K
c. 233 K
d. 296 K
e. 173 K
f. 77 K
78. a. 2oC
b. 172oC
c. -273oC
d. -196oC
e. 9727oC
f. -271oC
79. a. 20. oC
b. 30. oC
c. -23oC
d. 5500oC
80. a. 173oF
b. 104oF
c. -459oF
d. 90oF
81. a. -40oF
b. -40oC
c. -41oC
d. -42oF
82. a. -121oC
b. 0.4oF (approximately 0oF)
c. 673 K
d. 255 K
83. density
84. g/cm3 (g/mL)
85. lead
86. volume
87. low
88. same
89. aluminum (2.70 g/cm3)
90. copper
91. a. 2.00 g/cm3
b. 4.86 x 103g/cm3
c. 0.055 g/cm3
d. 110 g/cm3
92. a. 22 g/cm3
b. 0.034 g/cm3
c. 0.962 g/cm3
d. 2.1 x 10-5 g/cm3
93. 0.8123 g/mL
94. 0.823 g/mL
95. 2.67 g/mL
96. 8.1 g/cm3, material will float
97. V=21.2mL, final volume = 166mL
98. 11.7mL
99. a. 1.27 x 103 cm3
b. 112 cm3
c. 51.8 cm3
d. 575 cm3
100. a. 1.13 x 107
b. 2.16 x 106
c. 8.8 x 105
d. 7.87 x 106
101. a. 5.223 x 105
b. 3.491 x 10-6
c. 1.023 x 105
d. 8.210 x 10-2
e. 4.44 x 10-1
f. 9.234 x 10-7
102. a. 301,100,000,000,000,000,000,000
b. 5,091,000,000
c. 720
d. 123,400
e. 0.000432002
f. 0.03001
g. 0.00000029901
h. 0.42
103. a. 3.40 x 101
b. 9.80 x 10-4
c. 2.90 x 107
d. 7.31 x 10-2
e. 5.52 x 106
105. a. 0.104 ft, 3.18 cm
b. 0.530 gal, 2.01L
c. 0.500mi, 0.805 km
d. 110.6 cm3
e. 196g
f. 57mL, 0.78 kg
106. a. 5.07 x 104 kryll
b. 0.12 blim
c. 3.70 x 10-5 blim2
107. 1.1 hr (1:06)
109. highway--19km/hr
city--16 km/hr
111. 24 capsules
113. 3.8 g/cm3 The ball will sink.
115. a. 7.52 x 104 cm3
b. 114 cm3
c. 57.5 cm3
d. 11.2 cm3
117. three
119. a. positive
b. negative
c. negative
d. zero
121. a. 3, negative
b. 3, negative
c. 8. positivie
d. 6, negative
e. 2, positive
f. 4, positive
g. 1, positive
h. 4, negative
123. a. 5.29 x 102
b. 2.4 x 108
c. 3.01 x 1017
d. 7.8444 x 104
e. 3.442 x 10-4
f. 9.02 x 10-10
g. 4.3 x 10-2
h. 8.21 x 10-2
125. a. 1.023 x 10-3
b. 3.203 x 10-2
c. 5.9933 x 106
d. 5.9933 x 106
e. 5.9933 x 106
f. 2.054 x 102
g. 3.2 x 101
h. 5.9933 x 106
127. meter
129. 100km
131. 250. mL
133. 100km/hr= 62.1 mi/hr; you would not violate the
speed limit.
135. 4.25 g
137. significant figures (digits)
139. a. one
b. one
c. four
d. two
e. infinite
f. one
141. a. 0.5005
b. 127
c. 15.40
d. 23.098
145. 1L 1000cm3
1000cm3 1L
147. a. 84.3 mm
b. 2.41 m
c. 2.945 x 10-5 cm
d. 0.4045 km
e. 14.45 km
f. 4.22 cm
g. 2.353 x 105 cm
h. 0.9033 mm
149. 1.5 x 108 km
151. a. 273 K
b. 298 K
c. 310 K
d. 373 K
e. 98K
f. 485K
153. a. 110 g/cm3
b. 1.1 x 102 g/cm3
(2340g/2.2 x 106 cm3)
c. m=544g V=5.95 x 104 cm3
D=9.1 x 10-3 g/cm3
155. 116 g
157. 3.8 g/mL
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