499

 

Index

 

Aberle, David, 424

Abstraction, 161, 396

Achievement, 414

Ackerman, N. W., 369, 373

Acquisition of patterns of orientation, see Learning; Generalization

Action, behavior theory and, 53, 467, 477; and change, 472; child's potentiality for, 476; conceptualization  of, 53; consummatory, 280; goals of, 53; institutionalized, 40; instrumental, expressive, and moral, 165, 166; maladaptive, 316; principles of, 31, 38; processes of, 6, 31; systems of, 5, 54, 78, 93; types of, 67-76;

variables of, 42. See also Cultural Systems; Institutionalization; Orientation of Action; Personality; Social Systems

Action frame of reference, 48, 56, 76, 78

Actones, 461

Actor, 4, 31, 38, 54, 56, 99, 101; collectivity as, 4, 39, 56, 101; ego as, 191; individual, 4, 7, 38; malintegration of, 151; self-categorization of, 147, 151; status of, 40.  See also Ego; Personality

Adjustment, mechanisms of, 19, 133, 137-142, 174, 237

Adorno, T. W. E., 373, 374

Affect, 398

Affectivity-affective neutrality, pattern variable: 77, 80, 94, 117, 131, 216; and moral placing matrices, 346; and obligations of friendship, 482

Affiliation, 321

Aggressiveness, 13, 141, 292, 317, 321, 335, 454, 466, 474, 477. See also Mechanisms, of adjustment, of integration

Allocative processes, 18, 108, 122, 352; and allocative foci, 75, 91, 92; evaluative itandards relevant to, 206; allocation of facilities, 199-200, malintegration and, 152; and organization of social system, 205-218 221; in personality system, 353; allocation of personnel, 205; regulation of, 207-208; allocation of rewards, 201-202; and social systems, 25, 148, 197-218

Allport, F. H., 467

Ailport, G. W., 321, 373, 375, 380, 412, 416, 441, 453, 463, 467

Aliport-Vernon Test of Values, 412

Alter, 15, 55, 56, 65, 87, 99, 100, 105; attitudes of. 106. 124; learning patterns

I

from, 129; love, approval from, 326; reaction patterns of, 154; relations of, 209-218; and role expectations, 350; symbolic behavior in, 332

Alternatives of action, see Pattern variables

American culture, 186, 349, 414, 422, 426

Ames, Adelbert, 390

Analysis, 279; descriptive, 6, 43, 76; dynamic, 6, 43, 76, 93, 222, 243, 472

Anomie, 204

Anxiety, 477. See also Deprivation; Expectation; Fear; Pain Ascription-achievement, pattern variable:

77,82, 94, 117, 177, 207; and moral placing matrices, 347

Aspiration, level of, 462

Assimilation, 371

Authoritarian personality, 374, 376, 378

Autistic hostility, 371

Autistic motivation, 430

Attitudes, 358, 373, 380, 421, 423, 440, 453; and needs, 453, 463

 

Bales, R. F., 437

Barnard, Chester I., 494

Bateson, Gregory, 409

Becker, Howard, 423

Behavior, ~16, 30. See also Action

Behavior space, 285, 29~299; and behav-

ing self, 297; directions in, 332; identi-

fication in, 30~310; and introspection,

333; and need-push, 298; object in, 300,

307; operational definition of, 339-342;

perception in, 296, 327, 339; region in,

299; repression in, 315; restructuring in,

301; self-ideal in, 312; symbolic substi-

tution in, 317

Behaviorism, 454

Beliefs, means-end, 292, 307, 338; and

values 432

Belief value matrix 285 290 296 and atti

tudes 358  categorizations in 290 307,

311- changes in 301- identification in

310  introspection in 330 333 means

end beliefs 292 307 338 modal for cul

ture and individual 294295 354 modi

fications in 357  operational definition

of, 337-339; and perception, 327; and

personality integration, 352;  placing,

343; repression and, 315, 353; self-ideal

                500         Index      501

Index

 

Gemeinschaft and Gesellscha ft, 49

Generalization, 106, 126, 130, 161, 356,

448; and overgeneralization, 353; Stim-

ulus, 466. See also Learning

Gestalt psychology, 283, 355, 370, 372

Goal action, 472

Goals, 5, 53, 68. See also Objects

Goldstein, K., 443

Golightly, C., 412

Goodman, C. C., 327, 356

Gough, H. G., 373

Gratification, 10, 68, 80, 106, 113, 114, 118,

120, 123, 169, 201, 337; immediate, 211-

214; of placing need, 304, 306, 349; of

specific need, 306

Group conflict, 365

Guilt, 142, 157

Guterman, N., 375, 383

Gutbrie, E. R., 282, 477

Guttman Scalogram, 484

 

 

Habit, 473

Hamilton, G. V., 467

Handlin, Oscar, 383

Happiness, 455

Harding, 3., 380

Hartley, E. L., 373, 374, 378

Hedone, 462

Hedonistic calculus, 430

Henderson, L. 3., 412

Heider, F., 371, 372

Herskovits, M. J., 422

Hobbes, Thomas, 197, 204

Homey, K., 449

Horowitz, E. L., 378

Hollenherg, Eleanor, 424

Homology, 101, 109

Hull, Clark L., 124, 282, 407, 430, 469, 471,

477

 

 

Ichheiser, G., 370

Id, 85, 102, 451

Ideal types, 186

Identification, 17, 100, 128, 130, 150, 493;

artificial, 230; as a psychodynamic mech-

anism, 307-311;  and self-ideal, 311-

312. See also Learning; Mechanisms

Ideology, 432

Illusion, 370

Imitation, 128, 129. See

Mechanisms

Individualism, 426

Individualistic-achievement complex, 174,

208

Individuality, 155; and individual differ-

ences, 358

Inhibition, 127

also Learning;

and, 312; and symbolic substitution,

317; and tertiary needs, 326; and values,

293, 307

Benedict, Ruth, 41, 418

Bettelbeim, B., 373, 377

Biological frame of reference, 61, 71, 75,

102, 280, 281

Biological motives, see Needs, viscerogenic

Biracial housing projects, 371

Bixier, R. H., 374

Boas, Franz, preface

Bougle~, C., 412, 423

Boundary-maintaining systems, 108-109

Brunswik, Egon, 372

Bruner, Jerome, 327, 356, 372, 384

 

Campbell, A. A., 374

Canalization, 448

Cantril, Hadley, 390

Categorization, in belief-value matrix, 290;

in prejudice, 367, 374; of self, 311

Cathexis, 5, 10, 68, 164, 294, 337, 449, 453;

and valuation, 395, 398, 425

Carnap, R., 435

Chein, 1., 380

Choice, 14, 18, 20, 24, 48, 56, 59, 63, 68,

70, 76, 84, 98, 127, 235, 393, 395, 401,

405, 408, 415, 424, 432; and regulation

of allocative flow, 207. See also Pattern

variables

Citron, A. F., 380

Closure, 49

Cognitive mapping, 126. See also Behavior

space; Belief-value matrix

Collectivity, 61, 192-195. See also Actor;

Objects, social; Social systems

Collins, M. E., 371, 380

Common language, 42, 105

Competition, 477

Compulsive independence, 140

Conformity, 191, 228, 377; surface con-

formity values, 406. See also Need-dispo-

sitions, conformative and alienative

Constitutional determinism, 455

Constructs, hypothetictl, 282, 395, 435. See

also Variables, intervening

Control, see Mechanisms of control

Cornell Value-Study Group, 389, 398, 407,

412, 427, 429

Cosmology, 169

Cottrell, Leonard 5., 472, 489

Coutu, W., 380

Cox, 0. C., 383, 384

Crutchfield, R. 5., 372

Cultural relativity, 418

Cultural systems, 20, 55

Culture, 6, 16, 21, 39, 65, 66, 105, 421;

classification of elements, 162-167; ele

mentary form, 16; ethos of, 169,176, 178,

219, 411; dynamic theory of, 422; and

pattern variables, 79-88, 105, 186-189,

236; and prejudice, 381; value-orients.

tion, 159-167. See also Orientation, cul-

tural; Symbolic systems; Value-orienta-

tion

Culture patterns, 8, 21, 98; consistency of,

21, 167, 172; dominant, variant, deviant,

415; and need-dispositions, 115; systems

of expressive symbols, 21, 24, 162, 16~

170; systems of ideas, 20-21, 24, 162,

167, 169; systems of value-orientation,

21, 24, 163, 170-172; and value-Orienta.

tions, 165, 159-189. See also Internaliza.

tion; Institutionalization

 

 

Defense, mechanisms of, 19, 133-137, 157,

237, 374

Dependency, 140, 321, 477

Deprivation, 9, 68, 106, 121, 134, 138, 169,

337; anxiety, 13, 134, 140; expectation

of, 13, 134,140

Den, S. D., 373

Desired versus desirable, 395, 396, 398, 400,

403, 405, 418

Deutscli, M., 371, 380, 381

Deutscher, M., 380

Deviance, 151, 156-158, 179, 231, 415

Dewey, John, 395, 430

Dichotomies of action, see Pattern variables

Diffusion, transmission of culture, 159; and

prejudice, 367, 374

Discipline, 84

Displacement, 136

Division of labor, see Allocative processes;

Instrumental action

Dodd, 5., 373

Dollard, J., 469

Dominance, 89, 140, 321. See also Mecha-

nisms of integration

Doob, L., 373

Drive, 5, 110, 112, 235, 444, 477; and ac-

tion, 114, 473; arousal, 280; and concept

of need, 288; as component of a need-

disposition, 113; and instinct theory,

455; and values, 396, 426, 429; satiation,

280.        See also Need-dispositions; Needs

Durkbeim, Emile, 52, 74, 239, 423

Dyadic nature of learning situation, 476

Dyadic unit, 469, 477

Dynamic psychologies, 472

Dysphoria, 121, 142

 

 

Economic processes, see Allocative proc-

esses; Instrumental action

Economic theory, 28

Ego, reference point, 15, 56, 67, 87, 100,

103, 349; and identification, 310; indi-

viduality of, 156; instrumental relations

of, 209-212; relations to alter, 105, 140,

153; and role-expectations, 350; and

symbolic behavior, 331

Ego ideal, 311

Ego structure, 440, 451, 493; integration

of, 144; organization of, 85. See also Per-

sonality

Elton, Charles, 389

Environment, 31

Environmental event, 470, 473

Equilibrium, 107, 113, 120, 142; and dis-

equilibrium, 168; of personality, 226; of

social system, 226, 228; and value sys-

tems, 175

Erickson, E. H., 463

Escalona, S. K., 373

Ethos, 169, 176, 178, 219, 411. See also

Modal matrix

Evaluation, 5, 11, 70, 163, 175, 412

Evaluative symbols, see Culture patterns;

Value-orientation

Expectancy, aspect of orientation, 68; of

environmental event, 471

Expectations, 11, 64, 113, 292; anxiety, 13,

134, 142; activity-passivity reaction, 11;

complementarity of, 15, 64, 105, 115, 153,

191, 235; and personality, 473; systems

of, 20. See also Beliefs, means-end;

Choice;  Normative orientation;  Role-

expectations

 

 

Facilities, 199

Fear, 133,138, 142, 335, 455

Fixation, 136

Focalization, 448, 452

Frank, Philipp, 34

Fraser, L. M., 389

Frenkel~Brunswik, Eisa, 336, 375

Freud, Sigmund, 52, 67, 85, 102, 118, 240,

283, 308, 311, 441, 472, 480

Friendship, 481, 491

Fromm, E., 375

Frustration, 466

Function, in social system, 25; of values,

431

Functional approach, 35

Functional autonomy, 97, 143, 321, 325,

336, 443, 453

Functional imperatives, 173, 177, 241

Functional problems, 25, 76, 198, 211. See

0150 Structural.functional theory

Fusion, 214, 221

502

 

Instincts, 9, 71, 454455; and values, 397

Institutional mechanisms, 26, 150, 236

Institutionalization, 20, 40, 56, 150, 174,

178, 194, 203, 207, 211, 214, 491, 494; of

culture patterns, 239; of role-expectations

and sanctions, 154, 191; secondary, 174;

and social change, 231; and values, 410

Institutions, 40, 349

Instrumental action, 75, 149, 165, 209-212,

                221, 413, 455, 461, 470, 472, 473; facili-

ties for, 199; malintegration of allocative

processes of, 152; skills, 165

Integration, foci of, 75, 91; malintegration,

                151; mechanisms of, 26, 133; of need.

dispositions, 19; of personality systems,

352; problems of, 7, 25, 122, 151; proc-

esses of, 108; of social systems, 202-204;

and structural variation of social sys

tems,  219;  subintegration,  143-146;

total, 143; of value-orientations in social

systems and personalities, 176~183

Interactions, 438; concrete, 159; of ego

with alter, 153; proaction and reaction,

439, 448; proceedings, 437; serial, 439;

social, 468; subjective and objective fac-

tors in, 440; as units of social science,

438

Internalization, 22, 56, 66, 100, 149, 150,

152, 156, 174, 203, 240, 428

Interest, 75

Interests, 429

Intervening variables, see Variables, inter-

vening

Invention, 128

Irradiation, see Diffusion

Isolation, 136

 

Jahoda, M., 369, 373

Jaines, William, 463

Janowitz, M., 373, 377

 

Kalish, D., 307, 340

Kilpatrick, W. H., 380

Kinship, 174, 177, 184, 222, 349

Kluckhohn, Clyde, 27, 382, 424

Kluckhohn, Florence, 30, 351, 411, 415, 420

Ko~~hl&, Wolfgang, 423

Koffka, K., 372

Korsybski, A., 460

Kramer, B. M., 373, 375, 380

Krech, D., 372

Kroeber, A. L., 232, 239

Kutner, B. 3., 376

 

Lambert, W., 424

Langer, 5., 447

Language, 428; common, 42. See also Sym-

bols

Index

 

Latent learning, 303

Law of effect, 123, 125, 138. See also Grati-

fication; Reinforcement

Lazarsfeld, P. F., 485

Learning, 8, 12, 12~128, 142, 304307, 353,

356, 472, 473, 47~477; cognitive, cathec-

tic, evaluative, 18, 128, 305; differential

reinforcement, 305; dyadic situation of,

476; generalization, 12, 16, 130, 161;

gratification in, 306; interpersonalized,

162; latent, 303; means-end, goal object,

450, 455; versus performance, 124; and

placing need, 304, 306, 307; and preju-

dice, 378; pure association, 303-306,

429; reinforcement theory, 306; and re-

structuring of behavior space, 301; re-

ward, 306-307; sanctions and, 155; and

transmission of culture, 159; and values,

429

Lee, Dorothy, 425, 428, 429

Lepley, Ray, 391 -~

Lewin, Kurt, 272, 283, 373, 379, 380, 438,

459, 460, 463, 467, 469, 472

Lewis, C. 1., 412

Libido, 289, 319, 443

Lindzey, G. E., 30, 368

Linguistic conventions, 33

Linton, R., 86, 349, 421

Lippmann, W., 367

Livingstone, R. W., 450

Locomotion, 285, 298, 299-301, 307, 329;

and identification, 308, 310; operational

definition, 341

London, I. D., 30

Love, 326

Lowenthal, L., 375, 383

Lundberg, George, 392, 393, 398, 407, 417

 

MacCorquodale, K., 281, 282

McCulloch, Warren, 4~, 414

McDougall, W., 455, 456, 467

MacKenzie, B. K., 380

McKeon, 391

MacLead, R. B., 372

McWilliams, C., 383

Malherbe, E. G., 370

Mannheim, K., 423

Maslow, A. H., 320, 375, 429, 436, 452

Massing, P. W., 383

Meaning, 32; and cognitve symbols, 169;

standard, 382

Means-end dichotomy, 413

Mechanisms, of adjustment, 19, 133, 137-

142, 174, 237; of allocation, 131, 132; of

                control, 24, 158, 227-230; of defense, 19,

                13~137, 157, 237, 374; institutional, 26;

of integration, 133, 150; of learning, 125-

131; noncognitive, 168; and pattern vari

Index

 

ables, 139; of personality system, 125-

142; psychodynamic, 307-318; of social

system, 20~204; of socialization, 227

Meebl, P. E., 281, 282

Memory, 356, 371

Miller, N., 469, 477

Modal matrix, 294

Modality, 64

Moral standards, 170-172,

Value; Value-orientation

Morgan, C. D., 425, 433

Morlan, G. K., 375

Mormon system, 410

Morris, Charles, 390, 419

Morse, N. C., 374, 375

Mother-child relationship, 155

Motivation, 4, 53, 74, 102, 110-114, 357;

and behavior science, 468, 472, 473; and

ethnic attitudes, 376; and happiness,

356; problems of, 417; and social inter-

action, 440; secondary, 477; and values,

395-400, 424, 430; viscerogenic needs,

440, 442-443

Motivational orientation, 5, 11, 58, 68, 235;

and cathectic-cognitive discriminations,

11, 68-70; personalities and, 110, 131;

toward role, 196

Mukenee, Radhakanal, 423

Murphy, G., 445, 448

Murray, H. A., 143, 146,

411, 425, 433, 467

Myrdal, G., 381, 383

398.        See also

288, 336, 398,

Narcissism, 311-M4

Navaho society, 382, 392, 413

Need-dispositions, 9, 10, 55, 89, 92, 93, 111,

113, 114120; and adjustment mecha-

nisms, 137-142; aggressive, 13; and allo-

cative mechanisms, 132; classification of,

91-98, 115, 11~120; conformative and

alienative, 15, 144, 148, 151, 156-158,

182; conflict of, 14, 122, 127, 134, 138,

144; and culture standards, 115-116;

definition of, 114115, 159; generalized,

13; integration and, 19, 122, 133-142;

particular, 117418; and pattern vari-

ables, 117-120;  and role-expectations,

115, 116, 153-155; social relational, 17,

115, 116; systems of, 9, 118, 148, 153;

structure of personality and, 19, 91-98,

148, 235

Need~push, 298, 304, 308, 315; strength of,

340

Needs, 5, 8-10, 280, 288, 435; activity and

effect, 445, 457, 462; and attitudes, 453;

and behavior science, 468, 474; basic,

321; classification of, 441, 457; creative,

447; curiosity or placing, 304, 321, 335,

503

 

343 346 347  diffuse and focal 448

gratuities 452  happiness and 457  in

nate 454 instinct theory, 455 Maslow s

hierarchy of  320  mental  446  454

negative, 447, operational definition of,

335 337, overt and repressed, 452, 457,

of personality system, 353, 358, prepo

tent, 452, primary, 321, 335, 349, 442,

447; process and mode, 445; psychol-

ogies based on, 472; roles as, 450; sec-

ondary, 321, 336, 349, 429; social, 321;

systems of, 28~290, 319; tertiary, 321,

322, 326, 336; as value-vectors, 463; and

values, 396, 425, 453; viscerogenic, 9, 111

Newcomb, T. M., 371, 374, 383

No, Lorente de, 401

Nonintegration, see Integration

Normative aspect of structure, 79, 106, 154,

390; standards and, 344

Normative and existential propositions, 390,

                398, 410, 411

Norms, 481. See also Standards

Northrop, F. C. 5., 392

 

Object modalities, 64, 65, 100; dilemma of,

                82-83

Object world, 67, 89, 98-105

Objects, 4, 31, 5468, 201; classification of,

98-105; as facilities, 197, 199; and

need-dispositions of ego, 115; nonsocial,

5, 66, 99, 102-103, 160, 168-169; self as,

100; social, 5, 14, 55, 65, 10(}401, 168

Obligation, 144; and role conflict, 482

Obstruction box, 336

O'Dea, Thomas, 432

Operational definitions, 333

Opler, M. E., 367

Optimization of gratification, 123, 139

Organism, 8, 62, 99, 102, 108, 110

Orientation, cultural: 21; expressive sym-

bols 21 24 163 ideas 20 24 106 163

                167 169, and pattern variables, 79, 186

                189 236 values 21 24 163 411

Orientations 4 54 56 58 67 76 88 91

                159, 235, acquisition of, 12, cathectic

mode of 5 11 59 68  cognitive mode

of 10 11 59 68 103 135 163 conscious

versus unconscious, 104, evaluative 14

59, 70, 89, 135; expressive, 166; ideal

types, 186; instrumental, 14, 75, 166;

                moral, 166; motivational, 5, 11, 58, 68,

                196; normative, 16, 56, 58, 59, 63, 79,

106; rational versus traditional, 91; se-

lective, 20; self and other, 491; system

of, 11, 54, 111; value, 5, 21, 59, 159-

189, 389, 411

 

Pain, 134, 321, 444

                504         Index

                Index      505

202 204 219  motivational orientation

196  and pattern variables 8088 216

218  and personality systems 140158

218 and personality variables 224226

roles in 190 society 196 stability and

change in 22~233 structural clusters in

222, and integration of value orienta

tions 176 180

Socialization, 17, 97, 197, 227; identifica-

tion in, 17; in prejudice, 378; of primary

drives, 477

Society, 26, 196; and role conflict, 481. See

also Social systems

Solidarity, 219

Sorokin, P. A., 367, 428

Specificity-diffuseness, pattern variable; 77,

83-84, 87, 89, 94, 117, 131, 216; and

obligations of friendship, 482; and moral

placing matrices, 347

Specificity-generality needs, 448

Spranger's classification of values, 412, 454

Standards, 79, 106, 154, 344, 390. See also

Value-orientations

Status, 40

Stereotype, 367

Stimulus approach to prejudice, 368, 379

Stimulus generalization, 466

Stimulus situation, 280

Stouffer, S. A., 351, 380

Structural-functional theory, 51, 242

Structure, general, 49; internal, 62; be-

tween personality and social systems,

147; relational, 62; social, 49

Subintegration, 144

Subject-object distinction, 56

Sublimation, 137

Submission, 321, 141

Substitution, 127

Suchman, Edward A., 494

Sumner, W. G., 74, 423

Superego, 67, 118, 150, 154, 311; incom-

plete integration of, 152; integration of,

144145

Symbol systems, shared, 16, 105; patterns

of, 54, 162, 166; internalized, 396. See

also Culture; Culture patterns

Symbolic substitution, 316, 331; and role

conflicts, 351

Symbolization, action systems and, 160-

162, 242

Symbols, cultural, 160; in discourse, 331-

333, 447; evaluative, 164170; and itand-

ards, 164

Symmetrical asymmetry, 96-98, 184

Systematization, 49-50

Systems, 5, 49, 279-284; empirical, 49;

107-109; theoretical, 49; equilibrium of,

 

504

 

Pain-pleasure principle, 456

Parsons, Talcott, 351, 417, 423, 450, 472,

482, 491

Pattern variables, 48, 76-91, 105, 235, 240,

494; and action frame of reference, 78;

and cultural orientation, 79; definition,

77, 8088;  derivation, 76~77;  formal

character of, 187;  generalized value-

orientations, 203-204; and mechanisms

of adjustment, 139; related to moral

placing matrices, 346; and moral stand-

ards, 172, 183-189; and need-disposi-

tions, 91-98, 117; and regulation of allo-

cative flow, 207; and role-expectations,

91-98; and social system, 216-218; sys-

tem of, 77, 8891; and value standards,

78. See also Affectivity-affective neutral-

ity; Ascription-achievement; Seif-orien-

tation-collectivity-orientation; Specificity-

diffuseness; Universalism-particularism

Perception, 296, 467

Performance processes, 123-125

Performances, complexes of, 57, 65

Permissiveness, 84, 219

Perry, R. B., 390, 412

Personality, 6, 38, 75, 110-158, 236; allo-

cative and integrative foci of, 91; and

animal psychology, 435; authoritarian,

374; and belief-value matrices, 352-358;

classification of problems of, 121-123;

development, 476; and deviance, 156~

158;  and  functional  autonomy,  97;

functional  prerequisites  of,  120-123;

generalization in, 162; habit structures

of, 473; individuality of, 155-156; inte-

gration, 352; integration of moral stand-

ards in, 180183; learning and perform-

ance processes of, 123-125; manifest

and latent, 452; mechanisms of, 125-

142;  and  need-dispositions,  114120;

pathology of, 151-153; and pattern vari-

ables, 8088, 117-120; and potentiality

for actiOn, 477; and prejudice, 373; and

problem of optimum gratification, 121,

123; productive, 375, 376, and role, 23,

450, 481;  and self-actualization, 375;

and social interactions, 430437; and so-

cial systems, 146-158, 224; subintegra-

tions in, 143-146; subjective and objec-

tive factors in, 440; as a system, 18, 54,

95; theories of, 494; variables of, 18

Phenomenological approach, 282, 370, 372,

379

Physiological processes, 62, 397

Piaget, J., 446

Political theory, 28

Postman, L., 371, 372

Power, 200

Pratt, C. C., 436

Prejudice, 365-387; conformity in, 378;

cultural aspects of, 381; favorable, 367;

historical approach to, 382; negative,

367;  personality structure and, 373;

phenomenological approach to, 370; so-

cialization in, 378; stimulus approach to,

368, 379, 380; and traditional problems

of psychology, 366

Press, 438, 459

Primacy, 75, 78, 8488

Prince, Morton, 472

Projection, 137, 374

Projective instruments, 406, 440, 486

Property, 211

Psychodynamic mechanisms, 301, 307-318,

353; identification, 307-311; repression,

314316; and the self-ideal, 311-314;

symbols and symbolic substitution, 310

318

Psychologism, 223

Public opinion, 405

Punishment, 430

 

Qualities, 65

Quality-performance distinction, 57, 86, 89,

99, 205. See also Ascription-achievement

 

Radke, M. T., 378

Rationalization, 135, 174; and prejudice,

368, 374

Razran, G., 373

Reaction formation, 136, 374

Reichard, 5., 375

Reinforcement, 473; differential, 305, 456;

theory, 305. See also Law of effect

Repression, 136, 157, 314316, 351

Rewards, allocation of, 201; in learning,

306, 430

Ritchie, B. F., 307, 340

Robinson, D., 380

Robde, 5., 380

Rokeach, M., 375

Role-expectations, 19, 24, 89, 154, 159, 190,

224, 350; classification of, 91-98; and

individuality, 156; and malintegration,

152; and need-dispositions, 115, 148; and

social integration, 204

Role-patterns, 49, 90, 97, 102, 190, 224,

349, 450; change in, 207-218; differen-

tiation and allocation of, 196; institu-

tionalization of, 191, 211

Roles, 23, 25, 154, 243, 450, 480; accept-

ance of, 351; conflict of, 231, 350, 481;

Content and organization, 208218; and

personality, 23, 450; and social change,

231; and social systems, 190, 196; sys-

tems, 151; value, 413

 

505

 

Roper, E., 375

Rosenbaum, M., 378

Rosenblueth, Arturo, 401

 

Sichs, Hanns, 436

Sadism, 141

Sanctions, 15, 24, 154, 191;

155; and values, 431

Sanford, R. N., 474

Satisfaction, 456

Scapegoat theory, 368

Schwartz, 5., 378

Scientific theory, 30-44,

435, 436, 465

Scope of significance, 57, 66, 83, 117. See

also Specificity-diffuseness

Sears, R. R., 292

Seeleman, V., 371

Segregation, 214, 221

Selection, function of, 446; problems of,

417; and values, 401, 405

Selective orientation, see Choice

Self, as actor and object, 100; categoriza-

tion of, 311; judging, 312; ideal, 311-

314; identification, 311; interests, 149;

love, 312; and role-expectations, 350;

actualizing personality, 375-376, 443

Self-orientation-collectivity-orientation, pat.

tern variable: 77, 80-81, 90, 94, 117, 219,

491; and moral placing matrices, 346;

and need-dispositions, 144; and social in-

tegration, 204

Sensation, 355

Sensory-motor skills, 358

Shame, 142, 157

Shils, E. A., 417

Simmel, E., 373

Situation, 4, 31, 53, 56, 64, 67, 235, 438;

and classification of needs, 458; trans-

formation of, 462. See also Objects

Skills, 165

Skinner, B. F., 477

Smith, M. B., 373

Social norms, 481

Social objects, see Alter; Objects

Social roles, see Roles

Social systems, 6, 2~27, 54, 75, 95, 97,

190-233, 236; allocation of facilities in,

199-200; allocation of rewards, 201-202;

allocative and integrative foci of, 91;

classification of structural variations of,

204208; collective goals in, 192; col-

lectivity, 192-195; content and organiza-

tion of roles in, 208218; differentiation

and allocation of roles, 196; definition,

197; foci of organization, 197-204; func-

tional problems of, 198; interaction of

ego and alter, 105, 115; integration of,

contingency of,

49-50,    322, 395,

 

506         Index

 

107; incompatibility in, 108; personality

and social, 109

Systems of action, concrete, see Personali-

ties; Social systems; Cultural systems

 

Tendencies, 463

Tension reduction, 114, 431, 445, 446

Testability and meaning, 33, 43

Thema, 438, 460

Thematic principles, 411, 413

Thinking, 357

Thomas, W. 1., 423

Thorndike, E. L., 390

Toennies, F., 49

Tolman, E. C., 64, 234, 368, 373, 461, 469,

477

Traditionalism, 168

Trager, H. C., 378

Trait-based psychologies, 472

Traits, 281, 285, 301-302, 467, 474

Transcendence versus immanence, see Uni-

versa£i.sm-particulansm

 

Unconscious, 104

Unity thema, 143, 146

Universalism-particularism,  pattern  vari-

able: 77, 81-82, 90, 94, 99, 117, 177, 216;

and moral placing matrices, 346; obliga-

tions of friendship, 482, 487

Utility, 430

 

Van Til, W., 380

Value-orientations, 5, 21, 56, 5~59, 68, 78,

85, 98, 115, 116, 154, 159-189, 235, 237,

293; activated, 346; appreciative mode

of, 60, 73, 85, 170; classification, 72-74,

183-189; 412-415; cognitive mode of,

60, 73, 85, 170; conflict and social

change, 231;  consistency of pattern,

172-176; creation of new, 182; definition,

409, 411; dimensions of organization,

419, 453; and ethos, 169, 176; and evalu-

ative mode, 71; and function, 176; gen-

eral, 410; moral m.~de of, 60, 73, 85,

170-172; and pattern variables, 177, 181,

187; personal, 145, 18~183, 185; and

placing matrices, 343; in social systems,

176-180,                203~204, 207; and s~idarity,

219; systems of, 159-189

Values, 388-433; affective aspect of, 395,

400; areas of study in, 404; and beliefs,

432; categorical, 414; classification, 412;

central, 414; cognitive aspect, 395-400;

 

conative aspect, 395; and culture, 421,

426; definition, 395; and drives and

learning, 429; existence and, 390~394,

410; explicit and implicit, 415; expres-

sive, 413; functions of, 431; and goals,

413, 429; hypothetical, 414; and ideals,

432; and ideology, 432; idiosyncratic,

415; instrumental, 413; integrated, 420;

isolated, 420; methods for study of, 405;

motivation and, 395, 396, 398, 400, 403,

424; and needs, 425, 454, 463; periph-

eral, 414; personal and group, 416;

policy for, 420; preferential, 414; as

prescriptions, prohibitions, an~ permis-

sions, 415; priority of, 420; and related

concepts, 423-424; ritualistic, 414; role,

413; and sanctions, 431; selection and,

401;  and sociocultural systems, 422;

temperamental, 410; thematic, 413; tra-

ditionalistic, 414; i- ~iversal, 417; utility

and consequences, 430; utopian, 414;

vectors, 463

Variables, dependent, 281; independent,

279-281; intervening, 64, 279, 281-285,

333, 395, 435, 455; of theory of action,

42; of personality, 18, 116

Vectors, 463

Vickery, W. E., 367

Viscerogenic needs, 9, 63, 111, 112, 320,

321, 326, 335, 345, 349, 442, 447, 452,

                455; and value, 397

Voluntaristic aspect pf action, see Choice

Vogt, Evon, 424

 

Weber, Max, 49, 52, 167, 423

White, Leslie, 401

White, Ralph, 412

Whitehead, A. N., 412

Whiting, John W. M., 413, 424

Whorf, B. L., 34

Wiener, Norbert, 401

Withdrawal, 141, 179

Woodwortb, R. 5., 472

Woodruff, A. D., 423

 

Xonophobia, 367

 

Yale school of psychology, 124

Young, P. T., 338

 

 

Zawadski, B., 368, 369

Zuaniecki, F., 423