First Semester
Week 1: Introduction to Biology
1. bio: life. biology: study of life.
2. logy: study of. biology: study of life.
3. ento: insect. entomology: study of insects.
4. physio: function. physiology: study of function.
5. zoo: animal. zoology: study of animals.
Week 2: Microscopes
1. macro: large. macromolecule: large molecule.
2. micro: small. microscopic: too small to be seen with the naked eye.
3. cyto: cell. cytology: study of cells.
4. uni: one. unicellular: one cell.
5. di: two. dichotomous: two choices.
Week 3: Cells
1. kary: nucleus. karyotype: picture of the chromosomes in a nucleus.
2. mito: thread. mitochondria: organelle involved in cellular respiration; powerhouse of the cell.
3. lyso: kill. lysosome: suicide sac of cell; contains digestive enzymes.
4. eu: good. eukaryote: cell with nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
5. pro: first. prokaryote: cell with no nucleus.
Week 4: Cells
1. elle: small. organelle: small organs in the cell.
2. vac: empty. vacuole: organelle used for storage
3. fibr: thread. microfibril: small fibers that are part of the cytoskeleton.
4. ret: net. endoplasmic reticulum: network of tubes in the cell used for transport.
5. some: body. lysosome: suicide sac of the cell.
Week 5: Biochemistry
1. ose: ending of name of sugar. glucose: simple sugar found in the bloodstream.
2. tri: three. triglyceride: fat with three parts.
3. lip: fat. lipid: fat.
4. zym: ferment. enzyme: biological catalyst.
5. glyco: sweet. glycogen: animal starch.
Week 6: Biochemistry
1. poly: many. polymer: molecule made of many subunits.
2. saccharide: sweet. polysaccharide: carbohydrate made of many simple sugars.
3. mono: one. monosaccharide: simple sugar.
4. peptide: protein. dipeptide: protein made of two amino acids.
5. ase: ending of enzyme name. amylase: enzyme that breaks down starch.
Week 7: Cell Transport
1. hyper: over. hypertonic: contains higher concentration of solutes.
2. hypo: under. hypotonic: contains lower concentration of solutes.
3. iso: same. isomer: a molecule with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms.
4. ton: tension. isotonic: contains same number of solutes.
5. osmo: pushing. osmosis: diffusion of water through a membrane.
Week 8: Cell Transport
1. phil: love. hydrophilic: loving water.
2. phob: fear. hydrophobic: hating water.
3. hydro: water. hydrolysis: reaction in which water is added to split a molecule.
4. phag: eat. phagocytosis: cell eating.
5. pino: drink. pinocytosis: cell drinking.
Week 9: Cellular Respiration
1. photo: light. photosynthesis: process of making food using light energy.
2. metab: change. metabolism: all the reactions that occur in a cell.
3. aer: air. aerobic: with oxygen.
4. an: without. anaerobic: without oxygen.
5. ferment: yeast. fermentation: anaerobic respiration performed by yeast.
Week 10: Photosynthesis
1. chloro: green. chloroplast: organelle in plants that contains green pigments.
2. chromo: color. chromoplast: organelle in plants that contains colored pigments.
3. xantho: yellow. xanthophyll: yellowish pigment found in plants.
4. phyll: leaf. chlorophyll: green pigment found in leaves.
5. plast: shaping. leucoplast: organelle in plants that stores starch.
Week 11: Chromosomes
1. centr: center. centromere: place where sister chromatids are held together.
2. auto: self. autosome: any chromosome other than sex chromosomes.
3. some: body. chromosome: coiled DNA and proteins.
4. tin: stretch. chromatin: uncoiled DNA and proteins.
5. phase: appearance. metaphase: phase of mitosis when chromosomes move to the middle.
Week 12: Cell Division
1. inter: between. interphase: phase of cell growth between nuclear divisions.
2. pro: before. prophase: phase of mitosis before chromosomes are completely visible.
3. meta: middle. metaphase: phase of mitosis when chromosomes move to the equator.
4. ana: up. anaphase: phase of mitosis when chromosomes move to poles.
5. telo: end. telophase: last phase of mitosis.
Week 13: DNA
1. adenine: purine found in DNA and RNA. pairs with thymine and uracil.
2. guanine: purine found in DNA and RNA. pairs with cytosine.
3. thymine: pyrimidine found in DNA only. pairs with adenine.
4. cytosine: pyrimidine found in DNA and RNA . pairs with guanine.
5. uracil: pyrimidine found in RNA only. pairs with adenine.
Week 14: RNA
1. codon: three base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
2. anticodon: three base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon.
3. mRNA: messenger RNA. directs protein synthesis.
4. tRNA: transfer RNA. brings specific amino acid to mRNA.
5. rRNA: ribosomal RNA. major component of ribosomes.
Week 15: Protein Synthesis
1. DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. stores all information for a cell.
2. transcription: making mRNA from DNA. occurs in the nucleus.
3. translation: making proteins using mRNA and ribosomes. occurs in the cytoplasm.
4. replication: duplication of DNA. occurs during interphase in the nucleus.
5. AUG: universal start codon. codes for methionine.
Week 16: Genetics
1. pheno: physical. phenotype: physical appearance.
2. geno: gene. genome: haploid set of chromosomes.
3. type: form. genotype: genetic makeup.
4. allel: mutual. allele: alternate forms of a gene.
5. hapl: half. haploid: containing one set of chromosomes (half the species number)
Week 17: Genetics
1. gon: seed. gonad: sex organ.
2. homo: same. homozygous: contains two of the same allele.
3. hetero: different. heterozygous: contains two different alleles.
4. dipl: double. diploid: contains double set of chromosomes.
5. kary: nucleus. karyotype: picture of chromosomes.
Week 18: Ecology
1. eco: house. ecology: study of interactions of organisms with their environments.
2. herb: plant. herbivore: consumer that feeds on plants.
3. carni: meat. carnivore: consumer that feeds on animals.
4. omni: all. omnivore: consumer that feeds on both plants and animals.
5. vore: eat. detritivore: decomposer.
1. com: together. commensalism: relationship in which one species is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed.
2. mim: imitation. mimicry: resemblance of one species to another.
3. symbio: living together. symbiosis: relationship between two species.
4. detrit: wear off. detritivore: decomposer.
5. mutu: reciprocal. mutualism: relationship in which both species benefit.
Second Semester
Week 19: Evolution
1. fossil: dug up. fossilization: process of preserving organic remains in rock.
2. sediment: settling. sedimentary: type of rock formed by layers of dirt.
3. evolut: unrolling. evolution: process of change.
4. oid: like. anthropoid: group of primates including monkeys and humans.
5. hom: man. Homo habilis: possible direct ancestor of "modern" humans.
Week 20: Classification
1. taxo: classification. taxon: a general classification category.
2. nomy: science of. taxonomy: science of classification.
3. phyl: tribe. phylum: second largest classification category.
4. genus: descent. genus: first part of organism's scientific name.
5. speci: a kind. species: second part of organism's scientific name.
Week 21: Bacteria and Protists
1. bact: rod. bacteria: prokaryotic cells in kingdom Monera.
2. fiss: cleft. binary fission: dividing in two; reproductive method of bacteria.
3. viro: virus. virology: study of viruses.
4. alg: seaweed. algae: eukaryotic autotrophic protists.
5. conjug: joined together. conjugation: reproduction involving exchange of genetic material.
Week 22: Protists and Fungi
1. flagell: whip. flagellum: whip like tail.
2. tom: cut. diatom: golden brown algae.
3. pseudo: false. pseudopod: false foot.
4. dia: through. diaphragm: muscle that divides the chest and abdominal cavities.
5. pod: foot. arthropod: jointed foot.
Week 23: Fungi
1. basidi: pedestal. basidium: fruiting body of club fungi.
2. hyph: web. hypha: filament in fungal body.
3. myc: fungus. mycorrhiza: fungal relationship with plants roots.
4. ium: small. mycelium: mass of hyphae.
5. asc: sac. ascus: reproductive structure of some fungi.
Week 24: Plants
1. con: pine cone. conifer: cone bearing tree.
2. angio: covered. angiosperm: covered seed.
3. gymno: naked. gymnosperm: naked seed.
4. fer: bearing. conifer: cone bearing tree.
5. bryo: moss. bryophyte: plant with no vascular tissue, such as a moss.
Week 25: Animals
1. cnid: stinging. cnidaria: stinging celled animals.
2. por: pore. porifera: pore-bearing animals.
3. annel: little ring. annelida: segmented worm.
4. platy: flat. platypus: animal with a flat bill and a flat tail.
5. helminth: worm. platyhelminthes: flat worm.
Week 26: Animals
1. echino: spiny. echinoderm: spiny skinned animals.
2. cephalo: head. cephalopod: head foot animals.
3. mollusc: soft. mollusca: soft bodied animals.
4. arach: spider. arachnid: group containing spiders.
5. sect: to cut. insect: arthropods with three body segments.
Week 27: Digestion
1. lac: milk. lactose: milk sugar.
2. amyl: starch. amylase: enzyme that breaks down starch.
3. vill: shaggy. villus: small fingerlike projection of small intestine lining.
4. peristal: contraction. peristalsis: rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract.
5. gastr: stomach. gastropod: stomach foot animal.
Week 28: Excretion
1. osmo: water. osmoregulation: regulation of water balance.
2. ure: urine. urea: soluble nitrogen waste.
3. glomer: ball. glomerulus: capillary network in a nephron.
4. rena: kidney. renal: referring to the kidney.
5. nephr: kidney. nephridia: gets rid of liquid waste in earthworms.
Week 29: Transport
1. phloe: bark. phloem: plant tissue that transports food.
2. xyl: wood. xylem: plant tissue that transports water.
3. anti: against. antibody: protein that attacks foreign antigens.
4. cardi: heart. cardiac: having to do with the heart.
5. vasc: vessel. vascular: referring to the blood vessels.
Week 30: Immunity
1. em: in. xylem: plant tissue that transports water.
2. leuc: white. leucocyte: white blood cell.
3. erythr: red. erythrocyte: red blood cell.
4. immun: safety. immunity: protection against foreign invaders.
5. flamm: burn. inflammation: irritated, infected area.
Week 31: Gas Exchange
1. spir: air. spiracle: opening to air tubes of insects.
2. hem: blood. hemoglobin: pigment in blood that carries oxygen.
3. stom: mouth. stomata: openings in leaves.
4. bronch: windpipe. bronchiole: small tube that conducts air.
5. alve: cavity. alveolus: functional unit of lung.
Week 32: Nervous Control
1. derm: skin. epidermis: outer layer of skin.
2. opt: eye. optic. referring to the eye.
3. iris: rainbow. iris: colored sphincter muscle of eye.
4. olfact: smell. olfactory: referring to smell
5. neuro: nerve. neuron: structural unit of nervous system.
Week 33: Chemical Control
1. horm: excite. hormone: chemical messenger.
2. perio: the other side. photoperiodism: daylengths that affect an organism.
3. end: within. endocrine gland: ductless gland.
4. aux: grow. auxin: plant hormone regulating cell elongation.
5. insul: island. insulin: hormone produced by pancreas.
Week 34: Movement
1. arthr: joint. arthropod: jointed foot animals.
2. crust: shell. crustacea: animals with an outer shell.
3. skelet: dried body. skeleton: bony framework of the body.
4. fibr: fiber. myofibril: muscle fiber
5. trop: turning. gravitropism: plant growth in response to gravity.
Week 35: Reproduction
1. sperm: seed. angiosperm: covered seed.
2. mamma: breast. mammal: animals that have mammary glands and hair.
3. cotyl: cavity. cotyledon: embryonic seed leaf.
4. anth: flower. anther: male part of a flower.
5. pistil: pestle. pistil: female part of a flower.
Week 36: Development
1. fertil: fruitful. fertilization: union of sperm and egg.
2. amnio: fetal membrane. amnion: membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac.
3. metri: uterus. endometrium: lining of the uterus.
4. plum: feather. plumule: embryonic plant shoot.
5. sporo: seed. sporophyte: diploid generation of a plant.