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Animal
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Ingestion
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Digestion
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Excretion
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Porifera
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filter feeders: collar cells
pump water through body, screening out food.
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collar cells digest, send
nutrients to amoebocytes, which transport materials to other cells
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water current removes undigested
material
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Cnidaria
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capture prey with nematocysts.
causes tentacles to move toward mouth, sweeping prey into gut.
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cells lining gastrovascular
cavity secrete strong enzymes to digest food. nutrients are absorbed by
cells.
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waste left in cavity leaves
by same opening. other waste diffuses into water.
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Platyhelminthes
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scavenger, predator. mouth in
middle of body, ventral side. extends pharynx out of mouth, sucks in food.
passes to branched intestine.
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nutrients absorbed into
body through intestinal wall.
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undigested food excreted through
mouth and pharynx. chemical waste, excess water eliminated through flame
cells connected to ducts running the length of the body.
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Nematoda
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anterior mouth
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digestive tube
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posterior anus
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Annelida
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take in soil through mouth as
they burrow; sucked in by pharynx, passes through esophagus
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stored in crop, ground
up in gizzard, breaking up organic matter. food digested, absorbed by intestine
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undigested food passes food
out of anus. nephridia: get rid of nitrogenous waste.
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Gastropoda
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radula scrapes food
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complete digestive tube
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anus over head
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Bivalvia
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filter feeders: cilia on gills;
beats to incurrent siphon. leaves through excurrent siphon.
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mucus traps plankton,
cilia beat to mouth. travels to stomach. absorbed in intestine.
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waste leaves through anus
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Cephalopoda
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predator; capture with tentacles,
radula, sharp beak to kill and eat.
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complete digestive tube
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waste leaves through anus
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Echinodermata
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tube feet obtain food; can open
clam shells. turns stomach inside out.
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enzymes in stomach digest
clam in its shell. stomach withdraws and food is absorbed.
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waste diffuses through skin
gills
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Crustacea
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trap food with chelipeds, tear
with maxillae and maxillipeds
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food passes through esophagus
to stomach: chitinous teeth grind up digestive fluids into body of prey
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green glands remove wastes;
undigested food passes through intestine and out anus
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Arachnida
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drink fluids that result from
digestive fluids
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external digestion: inject
digestive fluids into body of prey
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Malpighian tubules collect
fluid, remove waste. waste travels to intestine
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Insecta
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labium, labrum hold food so
mandible and maxillae can hold, tear, and cut. saliva moistens in mouth,
stored in crop.
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gizzard contains sharp
chitinous plates to shred it, pass into stomach (midgut). gastric ceca
mix food with digestive juices.
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undigested food passes through
hindgut (colon and rectum); Malpighian tubules in hindgut remove chemical
waste. all waste leaves through anus
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Chondrichthyes
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specialized teeth to suit lifestyle
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complete digestive tract
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waste leaves through anus
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Osteichthyes
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usually carnivorous; jaws have
teeth pointing inward. keep smaller fish, prey from escaping. tongue anchored,
used to detect chemicals. mouth pharynx, esophagus.
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stomach: digestion occurs
in outlying ceca. liver and pancreas secrete digestive enzymes. intestine
contains villi to increase surface area.
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undigested food passes through
anus. gills excrete nitrogenous waste. kidneys excrete nitrogenous waste,
carried to urinary bladder.
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Amphibia
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tongue anchored in front; maxillary
and vomerine teeth hold prey. alimentary canal complete: esophagus, stomach
small intestine, large intestine. cloaca
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gullet to stomach. glands
secrete juices to break down food. nutrients absorbed into the blood stream
in small intestine.
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cloacal opening (hold waste
from kidneys and bladder). carbon dioxide diffuses through skin. kidneys
filter nitrogenous waste to produce urine.
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Reptilia
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may swallow whole; kill by injection
or suffocation. jaws unhinge to allow mouth to open wide to swallow prey.
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saliva begins digestion
in esophagus, then in stomach
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excrete uric acid to conserve
water
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Aves
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no teeth or jaw bones. food
passes from mouth to esophagus. crop stores and moistens food.
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proventriculus of stomach
secretes gastric fluids. gizzard crushes and grinds food. small intestine
finishes breakdown, nutrients absorbed.
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kidneys filter nitrogenous
waste: form concentrated uric acid waste. ureters pass to cloaca.
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Mammalia
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specialized teeth. food enters
mouth, begins digestion
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stomach, intestine, accessory
digestive glands
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kidneys filter nitrogenous
waste; undigested waste passes through anus.
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