Cells
Robert Hooke: discovered cells when studying cork tissue.
Schleiden: a botanist who determined that all plants
are made of cells.
Schwann: a zoologist who determined that all animals
are made of cells.
Virchow: a scientist who determined that cells
come from preexisting cells.
Cell Theory
The cell is the basic unit of life.
All living things are made of cells.
Cells come from preexisting cells.
Cell Types
Prokaryotes: cells without a nucleus or membrane
bound organelles. Example: bacteria
Eukaryotes: cells with a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles. Example: plants, animals.
Cell Organelles
Cell membrane: lipid bilayer found surrounding
the cell. Regulates movement of material in and out of the cell.
Cytoskeleton: provides support for the cell and
its organelles. Includes microtubules and microfilaments.
Microtubules: small tubes.
Microfilaments: small threadlike structures.
Nucleus: contains genetic information to instruct
the cell in all activities.
Nucleolus: center of protein synthesis in the nucleus.
Chromatin: uncoiled DNA and proteins.
Chromosomes: coiled DNA and proteins
Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell. Functions
in cell respiration to release energy.
Lysosome: suicide sac of the cell. Contains digestive
enzymes to destroy old or damaged cell parts.
Vacuole: membrane bound sac used for storage of
water, waste, or pigment.
Cytoplasm: liquid part of cell surrounding all
organelles.
Ribosome: function in protein synthesis.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: series of tubes that
transport proteins.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: series of tubes that
transport carbohydrates and lipids.
Golgi body: stack of flattened sacs that package
secretions.
Centriole: functions in animal cell division.
Chloroplast: plastid in plant cells used in photosynthesis.
Stores chlorophyll.
Leucoplast: plastid used to store starch in plants.
Chromoplast: plastid in plants used to store red,
orange, yellow, or blue pigments.
Cell wall: nonliving support structure of plant
cells.
Cell Types:
Animal Tissues
Epithelial tissue: tissue layer found outside of
the body and inside hollow organs. Skin.
Connective tissue: joins together other tissues.
Blood, lymph, bone, and cartilage.
Muscle tissue: contracts for movement. Skeletal,
smooth, and cardiac.
Nervous tissue: carry electric impulses. Neurons.
Cell Types:
Plant Tissues
Dermal tissue: outer layer of cells.
Ground tissue: inside the plant body.
Vascular tissue: tube like cells that transport
materials.
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