Vocabulary Unit 1: Introduction to Biology
1. bio: life. biology: study of life.
2. logy: study of. biology: study of life.
3. ento: insect. entomology: study of insects.
4. physio: function. physiology: study of function.
5. zoo: animal. zoology: study of animals.
Metric/ Ecology
1. milli: thousandth. milliliter: 1/1000 liter.
2. micro: millionth. micron: 1/1000000 meter.
3. centi: hundredth. centigram: 1/100 gram.
4. kilo: thousand. kilometer: 1000 meters.
5. auto: self. autotrophic: organism that produces its own food.
6. hetero: other. heterotrophic: organism that depends on others for food.
7. troph: food. autotrophic: organism that produces its own food.
8. a: not. abiotic: not living
9. olig: few. oligotrophic: containing few nutrients.
10. sapro: decay. saprophyte: organism that feeds on dead things.
Ecology 2
1. eco: house. ecology: study of interactions of organisms with their environments.
2. herb: plant. herbivore: consumer that feeds on plants.
3. carni: meat. carnivore: consumer that feeds on animals.
4. omni: all. omnivore: consumer that feeds on both plants and animals.
5. vore: eat. herbivore: primary consumer.
6. com: together. commensalism: relationship in which one species is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed.
7. mim: imitation. mimicry: resemblance of one species to another.
8. symbio: living together. symbiosis: relationship between two species.
9. detrit: wear off. detritivore: decomposer.
10. mutu: reciprocal. mutualism: relationship in which both species benefit.
Biochemistry
1. poly: many. polymer: molecule made of many subunits.
2. saccharide: sweet. monosaccharide: simple sugar.
3. mono: one. monosaccharide: simple sugar.
4. peptide: protein. dipeptide: two amino acids.
5. ase: ending of enzyme name. amylase: enzyme that breaks down starch.
6. ose: ending of name of sugar. glucose: simple sugar found in the bloodstream.
7. tri: three. triglyceride: fat with three parts.
8. lip: fat. lipid: fat.
9. zym: ferment. enzyme: biological catalyst.
10. glyco: sweet. glycogen: animal starch.
Cells (1)
1. kary: nucleus. prokaryote: cell with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
2. mito: thread. mitochondria: organelle involved in cellular respiration; powerhouse of the cell.
3. lyso: kill. lysosome: suicide sac of cell; contains digestive enzymes.
4. eu: good. eukaryote: cell with nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
5. pro: first. prokaryote: cell with no nucleus.
6. macro: large. macromolecule: large molecule.
7. micro: small. microscopic: too small to be seen with the naked eye.
8. uni: one. unicellular: one cell.
9. cyto: cell. cytology: study of cells.
10. di: two. dichotomous: two choices.
Cells (2)
1. chondr: granule. mitochondria: organelle involved in cellular respiration.
2. some: body. ribosome: small cellular structure where proteins are made.
3. plasm: substance. cytoplasm: watery fluid inside a cell.
4. endo: inside. endoplasmic reticulum: folded membrane of tubules in the cytoplasm.
5. vac: empty. vacuole: organelle that may store food, water, or pigment.
6. nuc: little kernel. nucleus: control center for a cell.
7. tub: tube. microtubule: small tubes inside a cell.
8. fili: thread. microfilament: small thread-like structures inside a cell.
9. aster: star. aster: star-shaped structure used in animal cell division.
10. reticulum: network. endoplasmic reticulum: system of tubes and channels in a cell.
Cell Transport
1. hyper: over. hypertonic: contains higher concentration of solutes.
2. hypo: under. hypotonic: contains lower concentration of solutes.
3. iso: same. isotonic: contains same number of solutes.
4. ton: tension. isotonic: contains same number of solutes.
5. osmo: pushing. osmosis: diffusion of water through a membrane.
6. phil: love. hydrophilic: loving water.
7. phob: fear. hydrophobic: hating water.
8. hydro: water. hydrophilic: loving water.
9. phag: eat. phagocytosis: cell eating.
10. pino: drink. pinocytosis: cell drinking.
11. asis: with. homeostasis: with a steady state.
Cell Energy
1. photo: light. photosynthesis: process of making food using light energy.
2. metab: change. metabolism: all the reactions that occur in a cell.
3. aer: air. aerobic: with oxygen.
4. an: without. anaerobic: without oxygen.
5. ferment: yeast. fermentation: anaerobic respiration performed by yeast.
6. chloro: green. chlorophyll: green pigment found in photosynthetic organisms.
7. chromo: color. chromoplast: organelle in plants that contains colored pigments.
8. xantho: yellow. xanthophyll: yellowish pigment found in plants.
9. phyll: leaf. chlorophyll: green pigment found in leaves.
10. plast: shaping. chloroplast: organelle in plants that contains green pigments.
Cell Division and Chromosomes
1. centr: center. centromere: place where sister chromatids are held together.
2. auto: self. autosome: any chromosome other than sex chromosomes.
3. some: body. chromosome: coiled DNA and proteins.
4. tin: stretch. chromatin: uncoiled DNA and proteins.
5. phase: appearance. metaphase: phase of mitosis when chromosomes move to the middle.
6. inter: between. interphase: phase of cell growth between nuclear divisions.
7. pro: before. prophase: phase of mitosis before chromosomes are completely visible.
8. meta: middle. metaphase: phase of mitosis when chromosomes move to the equator.
9. ana: up. anaphase: phase of mitosis when chromosomes move to poles.
10. telo: end. telophase: last phase of mitosis.
DNA and RNA
1. adenine: purine found in DNA and RNA. pairs with thymine and uracil.
2. guanine: purine found in DNA and RNA. pairs with cytosine.
3. thymine: pyrimidine found in DNA only. pairs with adenine.
4. cytosine: pyrimidine found in DNA and RNA . pairs with guanine.
5. uracil: pyrimidine found in RNA only. pairs with adenine.
6. codon: three base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
7. anticodon: three base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon.
8. mRNA: messenger RNA. directs protein synthesis.
9. tRNA: transfer RNA. brings specific amino acid to mRNA.
10. rRNA: ribosomal RNA. major component of ribosomes.
Genetics
1. pheno: physical. phenotype: physical appearance.
2. geno: gene. genotype: genetic makeup.
3. type: form. genotype: genetic makeup.
4. allel: mutual. allele: alternate forms of a gene.
5. hapl: half. haploid: containing one set of chromosomes (half the species number)
6. gon: seed. gonad: sex organ.
7. homo: same. homozygous: contains two of the same allele.
8. hetero: different. heterozygous: contains two different alleles.
9. dipl: double. diploid: contains double set of chromosomes.
10. kary: nucleus. karyotype: picture of chromosomes.
Evolution and Bacteria
1. fossil: dug up. fossilization: process of preserving organic remains in rock.
2. sediment: settling. sedimentary: type of rock formed by layers of dirt.
3. evolut: unrolling. evolution: process of change.
4. oid: like. anthropoid: group of primates including monkeys and humans.
5. hom: man. Homo habilis: possible direct ancestor of "modern" humans.
6. coccus: round shaped bacteria.
7. bacillus: rod shaped bacteria.
8. spirillum: spiral shaped bacteria.
9. staphylo: cluster. staphylococcus: clusters of round shaped bacteria.
10. strepto: chains. streptococcus: chains of round shaped bacteria.
11. diplo: two. diplobacillus: pairs of rod shaped bacteria
Bacteria, Protists and Fungi
1. bact: rod. bacteria: prokaryotic cells in kingdom Monera.
2. fiss: cleft. binary fission: dividing in two; reproductive method of bacteria.
3. viro: virus. virology: study of viruses.
4. alg: seaweed. algae: eukaryotic autotrophic protists.
5. conjug: joined together. conjugation: reproduction involving exchange of genetic material.
6. flagell: whip. flagellum: whip like tail.
7. tom: cut. diatom: golden brown algae.
8. pseudo: false. pseudopod: false foot.
9. dia: through. diatom: golden brown algae.
10. pod: foot. pseudopod: false foot.
Fungi and Plants
1. basidi: pedestal. basidium: fruiting body of club fungi.
2. hyph: web. hypha: filament in fungal body.
3. myc: fungus. mycelium: mass of hyphae.
4. ium: small. mycelium: mass of hyphae.
5. asc: sac. ascus: reproductive structure of some fungi.
6. con: pine cone. conifer: cone bearing tree.
7. angio: covered. angiosperm: covered seed.
8. gymno: naked. gymnosperm: naked seed.
9. fer: bearing. conifer: cone bearing tree.
10. bryo: moss. bryophyte: plant with no vascular tissue, such as a moss.
Plants
1. phloe: bark. phloem: plant tissue that transports food.
2. xyl: wood. xylem: plant tissue that transports water.
3. stom: mouth. stomata: openings in leaves.
4. perio: the other side. photoperiodism: daylengths that affect an organism.
5. aux: grow. auxin: plant hormone regulating cell elongation.
6. trop: turning. gravitropism: plant growth in response to gravity.
7. anth: flower. anther: male part of a flower.
8. pistil: pestle. pistil: female part of a flower.
9. plum: feather. plumule: embryonic plant shoot.
10. sporo: seed. sporophyte: diploid generation of a plant.
Animals
1. cnid: stinging. cnidaria: stinging celled animals.
2. por: pore. porifera: pore-bearing animals.
3. annel: little ring. annelida: segmented worm.
4. platy: flat. platyhelminthes: flatworm.
5. helminth: worm. platyhelminthes: flat worm.
6. echino: spiny. echinoderm: spiny skinned animals.
7. cephalo: head. cephalopod: head foot animals.
8. mollusc: soft. mollusca: soft bodied animals.
9. arach: spider. arachnid: group containing spiders.
10. sect: to cut. insect: arthropods with three body segments.
Animals 2
1. arthr: joint. arthropod: jointed foot animals.
2. gastr: stomach. gastropod: stomach foot animal.
3. pelecy: hatchet. pelecypod: hatchet foot animal.
4. crust: shell. crustacea: animals with an outer shell.
5. spir: air. spiracle: opening to air tubes of insects.
6. ichthy: fish. osteichthyes: bony fish.
7. ophi: snake. ophidian: refers to a snake.
8. ornith: bird. ornithology: study of birds.
9. mamma: breast. mammal: animals that have mammary glands and hair.
10. amphi: two. amphibian: animal that has "two lives," one in water, one on land.
Colors
1. alb: white. albino: organism lacking all pigment.
2. chloro: green. chloroplast: plastid containing green pigment.
3. chromo: color. chromoplast: plastid containing pigments.
4. cyano: blue. cyanobacteria: blue-green monerans.
5. erythr: red. erythrocyte: red blood cell.
6. leuco: white. leucoplast: white plastid often storing starch.
7. xantho: yellow. xanthophyll: yellow pigment found in plants.
8. rhodo: rose-colored. rhodopsin: retinal pigment.
9. chrys: golden. chrysalis: pupa of a butterfly.
10. iris: rainbow. iris: colored sphincter muscle of eye.