drevolution20

1   1979. Williams, John H.
     1982. Warren, Harris G. pp. 217/244
     1973. Galeano, Eduardo. pp. 206/216. "How the war against Paraguay wrecked the only successful attempt at independent development".
     1978. White, Richard A. "[...] the paraguayans removed the creole and spanish elites from their dominant positions and, unlike other Latin American nations, did not permit the economy to fall under Western European neocolonialism. [...] the first nation in Latin America to achieve such a radical goal".

2   1973. Kolinski, Charles. p. 183

3   1973. Kolinski, Charles. pp. 48, 58/59
     1976. Mendez, Epifanio. pp. 13/23

4   'Legionnaires' -socalled the paraguayans who served with the occupation troops.

5   1976. Mendez, Epifanio. pp. 70/85

6   1982. Warren, Harris. p. 276

7   1976. Mendez, Epifanio. pp. 158/164

8   1982. Warren, Harris. pp. 285/314

9   1982. Warren, Harris. pp. 315/ 322

10 1982. Warren, Harris. pp. 325/330

11 1982. Warren, Harris. pp. 347/353. (June 9-July 26, 1946 events & '47 civil war)

12 1976. Mendez, Epifanio. p. 245

13 1973. Kolinski, Charles. p. 101. "Frente de Guerra -profascist group of army officers during the World War II period, who are held to have strongly influenced the H. Morinigo government. Leaders were Chief of Staff Col. Victoriano Benitez Vera and Colonels Bernardo Aranda and Pablo Stagni".
   New York Times, June 10-13, 1946.

14   1983. Funk & Wagnalls. p. 365. "Heresy -any belief contrary to established doctrine".

15   1980. Lewis, Paul. pp. 33/34. On the interpartisan struggle, despite his views influenced by liberal historians, Paul Lewis shows at moments some objectivity: the voluntary Febreristas' withdrawal from the Coalition, presumibly at the request of their military masters ready for action. So, Morinigo did not dissolve the Coalition -as the official history says- but the Febreristas did it by willingly retreating.

16   New York Times, March/Aug 1947.
      La Prensa, March/Aug 1947.

17 1979. Mendez, Epifanio. pp. 127/149
      Record Group 59 (Feb. '53 thru Apr. '56). National Archives, Washington.
      New York Times, Dec 23-27, 1955 & Jan 6 - May 15, 1956.
      1980. Lewis, Paul. pp. 79/84

18   The alleged starting date for the Stroessner's regime "because of President Chaves' fall (May 4, 1954)" widely spread over decades by the official account, is not a mere chronological detail to be overlooked for it's the ideological cover up to the real origin of the stronista political team referred by ex-chancellor Sanchez Quell to ABC Color Revista, Asuncion May 30, 1982. Namely, the one orchestrated on the secret pact Chaves-Stroessner-Guionista accomplished in his home to promote the Dec 21, 1955s coup, actual detouring point on our democratization process.
   Paul Lewis, possibly without even knowing of such oligarchic alliance against us, describes early on the funny coexistence of its partners. pp. 85/88
   Some of the numerous colorado officers removed and/or exiled since '55 are: Gen. Carlos Montanaro, Gen. Ceferino Vega Gaona, Adm. Gabriel Patino, Col. Enrique Gimenez, Col. Rogelio Benitez, Col. Esteban Lopez Martinez, Col. Hermes Ramos, Col. Pastor Pineda Rodas, Col. Luis Viedma, Col. Enrique Dentice, Col. Adalberto Canata, Lt. Col. Juan B. Ortigoza, Lt. Col. Mario B. Ortega, Maj. Horacio Acosta, Maj. Virgilio Candia, Maj. Jesus Villamayor, Maj. Francisco Cabral, Capt. Napoleon Ortigoza, Capt. Eduardo Sardi, Capt. Geraldo Osta, Capt. C. Valiente Gomez, Cap. Medardo Pino, Capt. Escobar Echauri, 1st Lt. Pedro P. Peris Busto, 1s Lt. Boveda Maidana, Lt. Juan Benitez Franco, Lt. Concepcion Zarza, Lt. Pedro Lopez, etc.

19   'Epifanismo' or 'MendezFleitismo' is the euphemistic label used by the totalitarian 'Stronismo' to designate the target of its persecution: the overthrown genuine democratic Coloradismo led by Epifanio Mendez Fleitas.
   Nevertheless, over the years and the sacrifice of countless fellowcitizens, the personal pejorative connotation of the word 'MendezFleitismo' became secondary. The paraguayan people just incorporated it to the popular languaje as a watchword to recognize legitimate Coloradismo during the tyranny years.
   Under normal functional conditions, Coloradismo is simply the designation for the ideology of the Colorado Party and the political movement incarnating it.