Pauline Zingeris (in Lithuanian ZINGERIENE), n�e TATARSKI, was born on 29 March in Kaunas (Yiddish Kovne) Lithuania in the family of Kopel TATARSKI, son of a druggist from Kraziai, and Sarah Riva, n�e GADYE. They all were native Lithuanian Jews Litvaks.
	Pauline had just graduated from the 4th Kaunas Gymnasium, when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union (Lithuania had been incorporated into it in summer 1940) on 14 June 1941. First she and her family tried to escape from the coming Germans by going on foot to the North, but in few days the whole Lithuania was occupied. This was the time when the massacre of the Jews began throughout the country territory. With the highest risk they succeeded to come back to Kaunas on 15 July. On the 1 August they all went to Ghetto, where they stayed up to its liquidation in July 1944. On July 13 Pauline was deported to the Nazi concentration camp Stutthoff. In January 1945 the SS-men took the last prisoners of this KZ to the death march through Poland. The prisoners were on foot almost without food 3 weeks when they reached the surroundings of Danzig (Gdansk). Soon the remaining survivors were liberated by the Red Army. Nevertheless the former prisoners were not allowed to go home immediately and were forced to work even right away after the hospital. On the Soviet boundary Pauline was rudely asked by a Russian officer what was the reason she had survived. Having come to Kaunas in September 1945 (in 2 weeks her father followed her but unfortunately fell ill and died in Kaunas 2 weeks later), Pauline Tatarski heard that her schoolmate Roza had returned from the Soviet evacuation. When visiting her, Pauline met Roza's brother Michael Zingeris who came from Marijampole to see his sister on the same day. They all were only few Jews of pre-war Kaunas who survived the Holocaust, this fact drew them together. Pauline and Michael married at the end of 1945 and moved to Marijampole, where Michael was engaged at a military commissariat. Next year he was appointed to Prienai, where their first son Mark (Lithuanian Markas) was born on 24 December 1946. After the dismissal of Michael they moved to Kaunas where Michael got a position of a teacher of English.       In 1953 Pauline finished Kaunas Midwifery Classes and became engaged at Kaunas 1st Maternity Home till her retirement in 1998.       Their second son Emmanuel (Lithuanian Emanuelis), Manulik, was born in Kaunas on 16 July 1957.
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