Pali Declension and Conjugation
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Pali Declensions
| masc.
-a |
neut.
-a |
fem.
-Π|
fem.
-i |
fem.
-´ |
fem.
-u |
masc.
-i |
masc.
-´ |
neut.
-i |
masc.
-u |
masc.
-è |
neut.
-u |
masc.
-u /-ar |
fem.
-u /-ar |
|
| Nom. Sg. | -o | -aµ | -Œ | -i | -´ | -u | -i | -´ | -i | -u | -è | -u | -Œ | -Œ |
| Voc.
Sg. |
-a | -a | -e | -i | -´ | -u | -i | -´ | -i | -u | -è | -u | -Œ
-a |
-Œ
-a -e |
| Acc.
Sg. |
-aµ | -aµ | -aµ | -iµ | -iµ | -uµ | -iµ | -inaµ
-iµ |
-iµ | -uµ
-u |
-uµ | -uµ | -Œraµ | -araµ |
| Ins.
Sg. |
-ena | -ena | -Œya | -iyŒ | -iyŒ | -uyŒ | -inŒ | -inŒ | -inŒ | -unŒ | -unŒ | -unŒ | -ŒrŒ | -arŒ
-uyΠ|
| Abs.
Sg. |
-Œ
(-amhŒ) (-asmŒ) |
-Œ
(-amhŒ) (-asmŒ) |
-Œya | -iyŒ | -iyŒ | -uyŒ | -inŒ
-imhΠ-ismΠ|
-inŒ
-imhΠ-ismΠ|
-inŒ | -unŒ
(-umhŒ) (-usmŒ) |
-unŒ
(-umhŒ) (-usmŒ) |
-unŒ
(-umhŒ) (-usmŒ) |
-ŒrŒ | -arŒ
-uyΠ|
| Dat.
Sg. |
-Œya
-assa |
-Œya
-assa |
-Œya | -iyŒ | -iyŒ | -uyŒ | -ino
-issa |
-ino
-issa |
-ino
-issa |
-uno
-ussa |
-uno
-ussa |
-uno
-ussa |
-u -uno -ussa |
-u -uyŒ -Œya |
| Gen. Sg. | -assa | -assa | -Œya | -iyŒ | -iyŒ | -uyŒ | -ino
-issa |
-ino
-issa |
-ino
-issa |
-uno
-ussa |
-uno
-ussa |
-uno
-ussa |
-u -uno -ussa |
-u -uyŒ -Œya |
| Loc.
Sg. |
-e (-amhi) (-asmiµ) |
-e (-amhi) (-asmiµ) |
-Œya
-Œyaµ |
-iyŒ
(-iyaµ) |
-iyŒ
(-iyaµ) |
-uyŒ
-uyaµ |
-imhi
-ismiµ |
-ini
-imhi -ismiµ |
-ini
-imhi -ismiµ |
-umhi
(-usmiµ) |
-umhi
(-usmiµ) |
-umhi
(-usmiµ) |
-ari | -ari
-uyŒ -uyaµ |
| Nom. Pl. | -Œ | -Œni
(-Œ) |
-Œyo
(-Œ) |
-iyo
-´ |
-iyo
-´ |
-è
-uyo |
-´
-ayo |
-´
-ino |
-´
-´ni |
-è
-avo |
-è
-uno |
-è
-èni |
-Œro | -aro |
| Voc.
Pl. |
-Œ | -Œni | -Œyo
(-Œ) |
-iyo
-´ |
-iyo
-´ |
-è
-uyo |
-´
-ayo |
-´
-ino |
-´
-´ni |
-è
-ave -avo |
-è
-uno |
-è
-èni |
-Œro | -aro |
| Acc.
Pl. |
-e | -Œni
(-e) |
-Œyo
(-Œ) |
-iyo
-´ |
-iyo
-´ |
-è
-uyo |
-´
-ayo |
-´
-ino |
-´
-´ni |
-è
-avo |
-è
-uno |
-è
-èni |
-Œro | -aro |
| Ins.
Pl. |
-ehi
(-ebhi) |
-ehi
(-ebhi) |
-Œhi
(-Œbhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-èhi
(-èbhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-èhi
(-èbhi) |
-èhi
(-èbhi) |
-èhi
(-èbhi) |
-Œrehi
-èhi |
-arehi
-èhi |
| Abs.
Pl. |
-ehi
(-ebhi) |
-ehi
(-ebhi) |
-Œhi
(-Œbhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-èhi
(-èbhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-´hi
(-´bhi) |
-èhi
(-èbhi) |
-èhi
(-èbhi) |
-èhi
(-èbhi) |
-Œrehi
-èhi |
-arehi
-èhi |
| Dat.
Pl. |
-Œnaµ | -Œnaµ | -Œnaµ | -´naµ | -´naµ | -ènaµ | -´naµ | -´naµ | -´naµ | -ènaµ | -ènaµ | -ènaµ | -ŒrŒnaµ
-ènaµ |
-arŒnaµ
-ènaµ -Œnaµ |
| Gen.
Pl. |
-Œnaµ | -Œnaµ | -Œnaµ | -´naµ | -´naµ | -ènaµ | -´naµ | -´naµ | -´naµ | -ènaµ | -ènaµ | -ènaµ | -ŒrŒnaµ
-ènaµ |
-arŒnaµ
-ènaµ -Œnaµ |
| Loc.
Pl. |
-esu | -esu | -Œsu | -´su | -´su | -èsu | -´su | -´su | -´su | -èsu | -èsu | -èsu | -Œresu
-èsu |
-aresu
-èsu |
Pali Conjugations and Verbs Formations
| Tense | 3rd Person Sing. | 2nd Person Sing. | 1st Person Sing. | 3rd Person Plural | 2nd Person Plural | 1st Person Plural |
| Present Indic. -a | -ati | -asi | -Œmi | -anti | -atha | -Œma |
| -Œ | -Œti | -Œsi | -Œmi | -anti | -Œtha | -Œma |
| -e | -eti -ayati |
-esi -ayasi |
-emi -ayŒmi |
-enti -ayanti |
-etha -ayatha |
-ema -ayŒma |
| -o | -oti | -osi | -omi | -onti | -otha | -oma |
| Future | -(i)ssati | -(i)ssasi | -(i)ssŒmi | -(i)ssanti | -(i)ssatha | -(i)ssŒma |
| Optative | -eyya | -eyyŒsi | -eyyŒmi | -eyyuµ | -eyyŒtha | -eyyŒma |
| Imperative -a |
-atu | -a -ahi |
-Œmi | -antu | -atha | -Œma |
| -e | -etu | -e -ehi |
-emi | -entu | -etha | -ema |
| Past -a | -i | -i | -iµ | -iµsu | -ittha | -imha |
| -e | -esi, -ayi | -esi | -esiµ -ayiµ |
-esuµ -ayiµsu |
-ayitha | -ayiµha |
| Verb Form | Invariable |
| Gerund | -(i)tvΠ|
| Infinitive | -(i)tuµ |
| Verb Form | Masculine, Neuter | Feminine |
| Present Participle -a | -anta -amŒna |
-ant´ -amŒnŒ |
| -e | -enta -ayamŒna |
-ent´ -ayamŒnŒ |
| Past Participle -a | -(i)ta | -(i)tΠ|
| Future Passive Participle | -(i)tabba -an´ya |
-(i)tabbŒ -an´yŒ |