"Learning the Language of Relationships"
- Reprinted with permission from LDA Newsbriefs, May/June 1998.
Relationships follow a chain of CHOICE-BEGINNING-DEEPENING-ENDING-CHOICE that is never ending. The closer to the beginning of the cycle that you have problems, the harder it is for you to develop the rest of the chain. You move through the relationship caing by the use of communication, both verbal and non-verbal. Non-verbal language appears to be a good secret code that is written nowhere, known by no one yet understood by everyone.
Components of Non-Verbal Language:- facial expression
- paralinguistics or prosody
- body movements
- gestures
Similarities between Verbal and Non-Verbal Language:- both are organized sign systems used for communication
- both are learned
- both are vulnerable to similiar expressive and receptive deficits
- both are conversational
Differences:- Non-Verbal Language:
- - is continuous and can not be easily stopped
- - takes place without awareness
- - errors made are taken to mean person is emotionally troubled
- - learned informally and indirectly
- Verbal Language:
- - is discreet and can be stopped at will
- - very aware when used
- - errors are taken to mean a person is uneducated
- - learned formally and directly
If you break a non-verbal rule of language, it has a negative emotional impact on the receiving person. Persons with non-verbal learning disabilities do not know they have a social processing deficit and therefore cannot stop the inappropriate behavior.
Teaching non-verbal language is the foundation before you can teach appropriate social skills. The deficits need to be assessed through: - Informal methods for receptive and expressive areas.
- Formal methods such as the Diagnostic Analysis of Non Verbal Accuracy (DANVA)
- Major areas of non-verbal language to be assessed are:
- Rhythm: What is the person's rate of walking, talking, eating, etc.?
- Personal Space: Can you recognize the unwritten space rules such as:
- up to 18" for personal space;
- 18" - 4 ft. for interactive space;
- 4-12 ft. for social space; and,
- 12 ft. and beyond for public space.
- Touch: What are the rules for touching another person and how may they be different from culture to culture?
- Faces: Recognizing expressions on a face based on emotions of joy, anger, fear, sadness, etc.
- Gestures and Postures: What do they mean?
- Paralanguage or Prosody: What does the tone of voice tell you?
Teachers must be aware of the need to assess and remediate the non-verbal language before the child is 10 years old. After that, mistakes make other people uncomfortable. The mental health success of the affected students depends on this remediation.
Ann Seigel prepared this article based on a presentation made by Dr. Steven Nowicki, Jr. at the 1998 Northeast Conference on Learning Disabilities and Mental Health.
For additional information, call Dr. Nowicki at (404) 727-7454.
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