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Polyurethane foam has become one of the most widely used products in upholstered furniture. Unfortunately, for the reupholsterer, it is also one of the least understood.
Over the years, cushion complaints have been the number one problem faced by manufacturers. That is why, in recent years the furniture industry has been upgrading the quality of the foams that they use, particularly for seating. Reupholsterers can eliminate many of the seating problems by following this trend.
DENSITY is a measure of the weight of foam, not the firmness. It is measured in pounds per cubic foot.
ILD (compression) is the measure of the firmness of the foam. Using a piece of 4” thick x 19”x19”, a machine measures the force needed to compress the entire piece from 4” down to 3”. This is also measured in pounds.
Many foam producers use a 4 number system to identify their foam types. For example, 1835. The first two numbers are the density, or 1.8 lbs. per cubic foot. The second 2 numbers correspond to the ILD, in this case 35 lbs. 2565 would have a density of 2.5 lb. and a 65 lb. ILD.
Some foam manufacturers may use other names or numbering systems, but the foams are still measured this way.
QUALITY, with the exception of loaded foams, the higher the density, the better the quality and the more expensive the foam will be.
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