The comparison of the conventional and the smaller and eco-friendly alternate schemes proposed always indicate that the short term needs of Delhi could only be met within the required time frame, if the alternate plans are urgently implemented. Considering the growing ecological degradation of the rivers natural systems also it is imperative for us to immediately carry out detailed studies of the latter schemes with a view to setting them up in phased manner. It found successful, they could be replicated to supplement the existing schemes elsewhere whilst the on-going mega projects could be down-sized to reduce the social costs of their larger dam reservoirs and to effect greater economy. Since the principles discussed and factors examined above also apply to other areas of the country, there is a need to re-examine the major and medium scale projects being executed and being planned for those areas also. In the case of the Narmada project, there is no reason why it could not be re-considered for modification, if the schemes proposed above.

Modification of the Narmada project would be greatest benefit to the State of Gujarat, which is the most vociferous in opposing any reduction in the height of the Sardar Sarovar dam. Even with a lower height of this dam, it would be possible to transfer large quantities of the flood water of the Narmada to `valley' or command area reservoirs in Gujarat, which would have a salutary effect on the falling water table and re- charge the aquifers of its plains. this in turn would reverse the trend towards desertification and improve the conditions for better agriculture and dairy. Once implemented these alternate which presently functions as mere drains of city sewage in certain sectors during the lean season months. Considering the crisis that looms in the water sector, we shall be failing in our duty if we do not act with some urgency to plan and implement the alternate schemes suggested above.

Finally, it must not be forgotten that trees have a major role to play in maintaining the flow of streams. This becomes a crucial factor for the rivers of the peninsular states which have no glacier to support them. Unless the forests are restored in the catchment areas, we shall be faced with cycles of floods and famines as was witnessed in Adhra and some Orissa region last year. In reviving the natural systems, we may also remember that some trees also provide us with excellent natural pesticides, that do not harm our water. it is therefore, also essential that we stop the use of chemical pesticides [in a phased manner] and replace these with natural ones from Neem and other plants. This will prevent the dangerous pollution of our rivers from these chemicals, that is endangering the health of millions of people. There is also ancient wisdom recorded in the works sages like Varahmira, who advises us on the maintenance of ground water and on the planting of trees of certain varieties along the banks of streams and reservoirs to keep this waters pure. May we pause at this crucial stage, fifty years after independence, to also ponder over all the modern technology adopted by us and discriminate enough to discard those that harm us and adopt once gain some of our old practices that gave us clean and healthy lives.