Introduction

 

            The Adirondack Lake Assessment Program is a volunteer monitoring program established by the Residents’ Committee to Protect the Adirondacks (RCPA) and the Adirondack Watershed Institute (AWI).  The program is now in its’ eleventh year and continues to grow.  The program was established to help develop a current database of water quality in Adirondack lakes and ponds.  There were 75 participating lakes in the program in 2008. 

 

Methodology

 

            Each month participants (trained by AWI staff) measured transparency with a secchi disk and collected a 2-meter composite of lake water for chlorophyll-a analysis and a separate 2-meter composite for total phosphorus and other chemical analyses.  The participants filtered the chlorophyll-a sample prior to storage.  Both the chlorophyll-a filter and water chemistry samples were frozen for transport to the laboratory at Paul Smith’s College.

 

            In addition to the volunteer samples, AWI staff sampled water quality parameters in most of the participating lakes as time and weather allowed.  In most instances, a 2-meter composite of lake water was collected for chlorophyll-a analysis.  Samples were also collected at depths of 1.5 meters from the surface (epilimnion) and within 1.5 meters of the bottom (hypolimnion) for chemical analysis.  Once collected, samples were stored in a cooler and transported to the laboratory at Paul Smith’s College.

 

            All samples were analyzed AWI staff in the Paul Smith’s College laboratory using the methods detailed in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (Greenberg, et al, 2005).  Volunteer samples were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, conductivity, color, nitrate, chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations.  Samples taken by AWI staff were analyzed for the same parameters, as well as for calcium, chloride, and aluminum concentrations.

 

Results Summary

 

            Osgood Pond was sampled three times by volunteers, once with AWI staff, in 2008.  Samples were collected on the following dates: 6/11/08, 7/11/08 and 8/14/08.  Results for 2008 are presented in Appendix A and will be discussed in the following sections.  Results are presented as concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or its equivalent of parts per million (ppm) and micrograms per liter (mg/L) or its equivalent of parts per billion (ppb).

 

1 mg/L = 1 ppm; 1 mg/L = 1 ppb; 1 ppm = 1000 ppb.

 

            Adirondack lakes are subject to the effects of acidic precipitation (i.e., snow, rain).  A waterbody’s susceptibility to acid producing ions is assessed by measuring pH, alkalinity, calcium concentrations, and the Calcite Saturation Index.  These parameters define both the acidity of the water and its buffering capacity.  Based on the results of the 2008 Adirondack Lake Assessment program, the acidity status of Osgood Pond is considered to be satisfactory, with no sensitivity to further acidic inputs.  The pH values are satisfactory and the alkalinity values indicate no sensitivity to acidification for Osgood Pond.

 

           Limnologists, the scientists who study bodies of fresh water, classify lake health (trophic status) into three main categories: oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic.  The trophic status of a lake is determined by measuring the level of three basic water quality parameters: total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, and secchi disk transparency.  These parameters will be defined in the sections that follow.  Oligotrophic lakes are characterized as having low levels of total phosphorus, and, as a consequence, low levels of chlorophyll-a and high transparencies.  Eutrophic lakes have high levels of total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a, and, as a consequence, low transparencies.  Mesotrophic lakes have moderate levels of all three of these water quality parameters.  Based upon the results of the 2008 Adirondack Lake Assessment Program, Osgood Pond is considered to be mesotrophic. 

 

PH

 

            The pH level is a measure of acidity (concentration of hydrogen ions in water), reported in standard units on a logarithmic scale that ranges from 1 to 14.  On the pH scale, 7 is neutral, lower values are more acidic, and higher numbers are more basic.  In general, pH values between 6.0 and 8.0 are considered optimal for the maintenance of a healthy lake ecosystem.  Many species of fish and amphibians have difficulty with growth and reproduction when pH levels fall below 5.5 standard units.  Lake acidification status can be assessed from pH as follows:

 

                                 pH less than 5.0                      Critical or Impaired

 pH between 5.0 and 6.0          Endangered or Threatened

pH greater than 6.0                 Satisfactory or Acceptable

 

            The pH in the upper water of Osgood Pond ranged from 6.64 to 7.31.  The average pH was 6.98.  Based solely on pH, Osgood Pond’s acidity levels should be considered satisfactory.

 

Alkalinity

 

            Alkalinity (acid neutralizing capacity) is a measure of the buffering capacity of water, and in lake ecosystems refers to the ability of a lake to absorb or withstand acidic inputs.  In the northeast, most lakes have low alkalinities, which mean they are sensitive to the effects of acidic precipitation.  This is a particular concern during the spring when large amounts of low pH snowmelt runs into lakes with little to no contact with the soil’s natural buffering agents.  Alkalinity is reported in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or microequivelents per liter (meq/L).  Typical summer concentrations of alkalinity in northeastern lakes are around 10 mg/l (200 meq/L).

 

Lake acidification status can be assessed from alkalinity as follows:

                                                                       

Alkalinity less than 0 ppm                                                                    Acidified

                                                Alkalinity between 0 and 2 ppm                    Extremely sensitive

                                               Alkalinity between 2 and 10 ppm                Moderately sensitive

                                              Alkalinity between 10 and 25 ppm                        Low sensitivity

                                                 Alkalinity greater than 25 ppm                              Not sensitive

 

            The alkalinity of the upper water of Osgood Pond ranged from 25.8 ppm to 34.8 ppm.  The average alkalinity was 29.7 ppm.  These values indicate that Osgood Pond has no sensitivity to acidification.

 

Calcium

 

            Calcium is one of the buffering materials that occur naturally in the environment.  However, it is often in short supply in Adirondack lakes and ponds, making these bodies of water susceptible to acidification by acid precipitation.  Calcium concentrations provide information on the buffering capacity of that lake, and can assist in determining the timing and dosage for acid mitigation (liming) activities.  Adirondack lakes containing less than 2.5 ppm of calcium are considered to be sensitive to acidification.

 

            The calcium in the upper water of Osgood Pond in 2008 was 6.27 ppm.  In the bottom water, the calcium concentration was 6.31 ppm in 2008.  This suggests that Osgood Pond is currently not sensitive to acidification. 

 

Calcite Saturation Index

 

            The Calcite Saturation Index (CSI) is another method that is used to determine the sensitivity of a lake to acidification.  High CSI values are indicative of increasing sensitivity to acidic inputs.  CSI is calculated using the following formula:

 

                                                                     Ca                     Alk 

CSI = - log10  40000   - log10  50000  pH + 2

 

Where Ca = Calcium level of water sample in ppm or mg/L

                                                                        Alk = Alkalinity of the water sample in ppm or mg/L

                                                                           pH = pH of the water sample in standard units

 

Lake sensitivity to acidic inputs is assessed from CSI as follows:

 

                                                          CSI greater than 4                                                                      Very vulnerable to acidic inputs

                                                         CSI between 3 & 4                                                                     Moderately vulnerable to acidic inputs

                                                             CSI less than 3                                                                         Low vulnerability to acidic inputs

 

            CSI values for Osgood Pond were found in 2008 to be 1.70 in the sample taken from the upper water, and 1.70 in the bottom water sample.  These values classify Osgood Pond as having low vulnerability to acidic inputs. 

 

 

 

 

Total Phosphorus

 

            Phosphorus is one of the three essential nutrients for life, and in northeastern lakes, it is often the controlling, or limiting, nutrient in lake productivity.  Total phosphorus is a measure of all forms of phosphorus, both organic and inorganic.  Total phosphorus concentrations are directly related to the trophic status (water quality conditions) of a lake.  Excessive amounts of phosphorus can lead to algae blooms and a loss of dissolved oxygen within the lake.  Surface water (epilimnion) concentrations of total phosphorus less than 10 ppb are associated with oligotrophic (clean, clear water) conditions.  Concentrations greater than 25 ppb are associated with eutrophic (nutrient-rich) conditions.

 

            The total phosphorus in the upper water of Osgood Pond ranged from 18 ppb to 23 ppb.  The average concentration was found to be 20.7 ppb.  These values are indicative of mesotrophic conditions.

 

Chlorophyll-a

 

            Chlorophyll-a is the green pigment in plants used for photosynthesis, and measuring it provides information on the amount of algae (microscopic plants) in lakes.  Chlorophyll-a concentrations are also used to classify a lakes trophic status.  Concentrations less than 2 ppb are associated with oligotrophic conditions and those greater than 8 ppb are associated with eutrophic conditions.

 

            The chlorophyll-a concentrations in the upper water of Osgood Pond ranged from 5.08 ppb to 6.78 ppb.  The average concentration was 6.17 ppb.  This is indicative of mesotrophic conditions.

 

Secchi Disk Transparency

 

            Transparency is a measure of water clarity in lakes and ponds.  It is determined by lowering a 20 cm black and white disk (Secchi) into a lake to the depth where it is no longer visible from the surface.  This depth is then recorded in meters.  Since algae are the main determinant of water clarity in non-stained, low turbidity (suspended silt) lakes, transparency is also used as an indicator of the trophic status of a body of water.  Secchi disk transparencies greater than 4.6 meters (15.1 feet) are associated with oligotrophic conditions, while values less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) are associated with eutrophic conditions (DEC & FOLA, 1990).

 

            Secchi disk transparency in Osgood Pond ranged from 2.1 meters to 2.5 meters.  The average transparency was 2.43 meters.  These values are indicative of mesotrophic conditions.

 

Nitrate

 

            Nitrogen is another essential nutrient for life.  Nitrate is an inorganic form of nitrogen that is naturally occurring in the environment.  It is also a component of atmospheric pollution.  Nitrogen concentrations are usually less than 1 ppm in most lakes.  Elevated levels of nitrate concentration may be indicative of lake acidification or wastewater pollution.

 

            The nitrate in the upper water of Osgood Pond ranged from 0.0 ppm to 0.2 ppm.  The average nitrate concentration was 0.13 ppm.   

 

Chloride

 

            Chloride is an anion that occurs naturally in surface waters, though typically in low concentrations.  Background concentrations of chloride in Adirondack Lakes are usually less than 1 ppm.  Chloride levels 10 ppm and higher is usually indicative of pollution and, if sustained, can alter the distribution and abundance of aquatic plant and animal species.  The primary sources of additional chloride in Adirondack lakes are road salt (from winter road de-icing) and wastewater (usually from faulty septic systems).  The most salt impacted water in the Adirondacks usually has chloride concentrations of 100 ppm or less.

 

            The chloride was measured in 2008 and found to be 8.00 ppm which is normal for an Adirondack lake. 

 

Conductivity

 

            Conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to conduct electric current, and will increase as dissolved minerals build up within a body of water.  As a result, conductivity is also an indirect measure of the number of ions in solution, mostly as inorganic substances.  High conductivity values (greater than 50 mohms/cm) may be indicative of pollution by road salt runoff or faulty septic systems.  Conductivities may be naturally high in water that drains from bogs or marshes.  Eutrophic lakes often have conductivities near 100 mohms/cm, but may not be characterized by pollution inputs.  Clean, clear-water lakes in our region typically have conductivities up to 30 mohms/cm, but values less than 50 mohms/cm are considered normal.

 

            The conductivity in the upper water of Osgood Pond ranged from 54.1 mohms/cm to 64.6 mohms/cm.  The average conductivity was 58.1mohms/cm.     

 

Color

 

            The color of water is affected by both dissolved (e.g., metallic ions, organic acids) and suspended (e.g., silt and plant pigments) materials.  Water samples are collected and compared to a set of standardized chloroplatinate solutions in order to assess the degree of coloration. The measurement of color is usually used in lake classification to describe the degree to which the water body is stained due to the accumulation of organic acids.  The standard for drinking water color, as set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) using the platinum-cobalt method, is 15 Pt-Co.  However, dystrophic lakes (heavily stained, often the color of tea) are common in this part of the country, and are usually found in areas with poorly drained soils and large amounts of coniferous vegetation (i.e., pines, spruce, hemlock).  Dystrophic lakes usually have color values upwards of 75 Pt-Co. 

 

Color can often be used as a possible index of organic acid content since higher amounts of total organic carbon (TOC) are usually found in colored waters.  TOC is important because it can bond with aluminum in water, locking it up within the aquatic system and resulting in possible toxicity to fish (see Aluminum).  

 

The color in the upper water of Osgood Pond ranged from 28 Pt-Co to 86 Pt-Co.  The average color was 58.0 Pt-Co. 

 

Aluminum

 

            Aluminum is one of the most abundant elements found within the earth’s crust.  Acidic runoff (from rainwater and snowmelt) can leach aluminum out of the soil as it flows into streams and lakes.  If a lake is acidic enough, aluminum may also be leached from the sediment at the bottom of it.  Low concentrations of aluminum can be toxic to aquatic fauna in acidified water bodies, depending on the type of aluminum available, the amount of dissolved organic carbon available to bond with the aluminum, and the pH of the water.  Aluminum can form thick mucus that has been shown to cause gill destruction in aquatic fauna (i.e., fish, insects) and, in cases of prolonged exposure, can cause mortality in native fish populations (Potter, 1982).  Aluminum concentrations are reported as mg/L of total dissolved aluminum.

 

            The aluminum in the upper water of Osgood Pond was measured in 2008 and found to be a very low 0.000 ppm.

 

Dissolved Oxygen

 

         The dissolved oxygen in a lake is an extremely important parameter to measure.  If dissolved oxygen decreases as we approach the bottom of a lake we know that there is a great amount of bacterial decay that is going on.  This usually means that there is an abundance of nutrients, like phosphorous that have collected on the lake bottom.  Oligotrophic lakes tend to have the same amount of dissolved oxygen from the surface water to the lake bottom, thus showing very little bacterial decay.  Eutrophic lakes tend to have so much decay that their bottom water will have very little dissolved oxygen.  Cold-water fish need 6.0 ppm dissolved oxygen to thrive and reproduce.  Warm water fish need 4.0-ppm oxygen.

 

          The dissolved oxygen and temperature profiles for Osgood Pond for 2000 – 2005 and 2008 are presented in Appendix A.   The dissolved oxygen gradually decreases from the surface to the bottom in Osgood Pond.  The oxygen level is insufficient for cold water fish survival in the lower waters of Osgood Pond but sufficient for warm-water fish survival.  The temperature is also too warm for cold-water fish but fine for warm water fish.. 

 

Summary

 

         Osgood Pond was a moderately productive lake during 2008, mesotrophic in nature.  Based on the results of the 2008 Adirondack Lake Assessment program, the acidity status of Osgood Pond is considered to be satisfactory, with no sensitivity to further acidic inputs.  The pH values are satisfactory and the alkalinity values indicate no sensitivity to acidification.  The past calcium concentrations for Osgood Pond currently indicate no sensitivity to acidification.

 

          With nine years of data we can detect water quality trends, and it is also possible to compare the current data with the data collected from 2000-2007.    Over the last nine years the pH has stayed fairly stable with a slight drop in 2006.  The alkalinity values have increased almost every year of study.  The conductivity and color have also increased most years since 2002.  The other parameters have seen year to year fluctuations but overall the levels have changed very little over the period of study. 

 

 

 

 

Literature Cited

 

DEC & FOLA.  (1990).  Diet for a Small Lake: A New Yorker’s Guide to Lake Management. 

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation & The Federation of Lake Associations, Inc.: Albany, New York.

 

Greenberg, A.E., Eaton, A.D., and Leseri, L.A. (editors).  (2005).  Standard Methods for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition.  American Public Health Association: Washington, D.C.

 

Potter, W. (1982).  The Effects of Air Pollution and Acid Rain on Fish, Wildlife and Their

Habitats – Lakes.  Technical Report FWS/OBS – 80/50.4.  United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program: Washington, D.C.

 

Appendix A

 

 

Water Quality Data

 

Source

Lake/Pond Name

Sampling

Sampling

pH

Alkalinity

Conductivity

Color

Total P

Sampling

Chl a

Secchi

Nitrate

Calcium

Chloride

Aluminum

CSI

Acid

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Location

 Date

(units)

(ppm)

(mohms/cm)

(Pt-Co)

(ppm)

 Date

(mg/l)

(meters)

(ppm)

(ppm)

(ppm)

(ppm)

 

Vulnerability

 

AAI

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/14/2000

6.9100

22.4000

46.1000

50.0000

0.0200

6/14/2000

6.7700

2.0000

0.2000

 

 

 

 

AAI

Osgood Pond

Epilimnion

6/14/2000

6.8500

22.2000

47.6000

81.0000

0.0180

6/14/2000

7.8100

 

0.3000

4.6100

1.8500

0.0050

2.4410

low

 

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Vol

7/17/2000

7.4900

22.4000

43.8000

52.0000

0.0220

7/17/2000

7.1800

2.5000

0.0000

 

 

 

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Vol

8/18/2000

7.2700

21.6000

51.7000

64.0000

0.0270

8/18/2000

8.8700

1.6000

0.6000

 

 

 

 

 

MIN

6.8500

21.6000

43.8000

50.0000

0.0180

MIN

6.7700

1.6000

0.0000

 

 

 

 

 

MAX

7.4900

22.4000

51.7000

81.0000

0.0270

MAX

8.8700

2.5000

0.6000

 

 

 

 

 

MEAN

7.1300

22.1500

47.3000

61.7500

0.0218

MEAN

7.6575

2.0333

0.2750

 

 

 

 

 

 

Std Dev

0.3033

0.3786

3.3237

14.2449

0.0039

Std Dev

0.9145

0.4509

0.2500

 

 

 

 

 

AAI

Osgood Pond

Hypolimnion

6/14/2000

6.9400

17.1000

48.0000

61.0000

0.0140

6/14/2000

 

0.3000

4.3200

1.9200

0.0020

2.4926

low

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AAI

Osgood Pond

Epilimnion

06/08/01

6.8300

22.2000

51.2000

48.0000

0.0180

06/08/01

9.5800

3.1000

0.2000

4.6700

1.9500

0.0000

2.4600

low

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/13/2001

6.8900

22.6000

50.9000

54.0000

0.0170

6/13/2001

9.0800

3.5000

0.1000

 

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

7/17/2001

6.8000

21.8000

56.8000

51.0000

0.0190

7/17/2001

13.4000

2.5000

0.0200

 

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

8/11/2001

6.9200

24.8000

66.5000

38.0000

0.0180

8/11/2001

8.4500

3.0000

0.0000

 

 

AAI

Osgood Pond

Hypolimnion

06/08/01

6.9600

22.2000

51.1000

52.0000

0.0180

06/08/01

1.8800

 

0.2000

4.8100

1.9300

0.0030

2.3100

low

 

 

 

 

MIN

6.8000

21.8000

50.9000

38.0000

0.0170

MIN

8.4500

2.5000

0.0000

 

 

 

 

 

MAX

6.9200

24.8000

66.5000

54.0000

0.0190

MAX

13.4000

3.5000

0.2000

 

 

 

 

 

MEAN

6.8600

22.8500

56.3500

47.7500

0.0180

MEAN

10.1275

3.0250

0.0800

 

 

 

 

 

Std Dev

0.0548

1.3404

7.2904

6.9462

0.0008

Std Dev

2.2301

0.4113

0.0909

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Epilimnion

6/7/2002

7.1000

23.2000

50.6000

22.0000

0.0100

6/7/2002

5.6500

2.4000

0.2000

4.8500

8.8000

0.0000

2.1500

low

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/7/2002

7.1900

23.2000

50.9000

14.0000

0.0030

6/7/2002

5.6700

2.5000

0.2000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

7/11/2002

6.7800

18.8000

52.4000

65.0000

0.0200

7/11/2002

7.3800

2.0000

0.1000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

8/8/2002

7.0800

23.2000

52.8000

50.0000

0.0200

8/8/2002

6.8200

2.0000

0.1000

 

 

MEAN

7.0375

22.1000

51.6750

37.7500

0.0133

MEAN

6.3800

2.2250

0.1500

 

 

Std Dev

0.1782

2.2000

1.0874

23.8380

0.0083

Std Dev

0.8623

0.2630

0.0577

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Hypolimnion

6/7/2002

7.1600

23.2000

51.1000

25.0000

0.0200

6/7/2002

 

0.2000

4.8800

5.6000

0.0000

2.0900

low

 

 

 

 

 

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Epilimnion

6/6/2003

6.6400

22.0000

50.0000

36.0000

0.0180

6/6/2003

5.6500

2.3000

0.5000

4.7600

5.0000

0.0020

2.6400

low

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/6/2003

6.8400

26.0000

53.0000

49.0000

0.0200

6/6/2003

5.7100

2.4000

0.6000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

7/10/2003

6.9200

28.8000

52.0000

41.0000

0.0200

7/10/2003

5.9800

2.5000

0.2000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

8/7/2003

6.6700

26.8000

40.7000

25.0000

0.0160

8/7/2003

4.4400

3.0000

0.2000

 

 

Mean

6.7675

25.9000

48.9250

37.7500

0.0185

Mean

5.4450

2.5500

0.3750

 

 

Std Dev

0.1345

2.8542

5.6234

10.0457

0.0019

Std Dev

0.6852

0.3109

0.2062

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Hypolimnion

6/6/2003

6.4000

22.0000

54.0000

37.0000

0.0200

6/6/2003

 

 

0.5000

4.7800

5.0000

0.0000

2.6400

low

 

 

 

 

 

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Epilimnion

8/6/2004

6.9600

28.0000

48.5000

71.0000

0.0160

8/6/2004

6.0900

2.5000

0.1000

5.2700

10.0000

0.0040

2.1700

low

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/12/2004

6.8700

26.8000

60.1000

31.0000

0.0150

6/12/2004

7.1000

2.5000

0.4000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

7/12/2004

6.9500

27.6000

51.7000

22.0000

0.0160

7/12/2004

6.1900

2.5000

0.1000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

8/11/2004

7.0200

28.2000

55.2000

57.0000

0.0220

8/11/2004

7.0300

2.0000

0.3000

 

 

Mean

6.9500

27.6500

53.8750

45.2500

0.0173

Mean

6.6025

2.3750

0.2250

 

 

Std Dev

0.0616

0.6191

4.9708

22.6918

0.0032

Std Dev

0.5364

0.2500

0.1500

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Hypolimnion

8/6/2004

6.9600

28.0000

51.2000

64.0000

0.0200

8/6/2004

 

0.3000

5.3000

10.0000

0.0000

2.1700

low

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Epilimnion

9/8/2005

6.7600

30.0000

55.6000

37.0000

0.0090

9/8/2005

5.5200

3.0000

0.1000

5.0000

8.0000

0.0020

2.3649

low

 

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/8/2005

6.9500

28.2000

50.9000

39.0000

0.0160

6/8/2005

3.3600

3.6000

0.2000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

7/12/2005

6.8700

33.2000

55.3000

70.0000

0.0170

7/12/2005

6.0800

2.5000

0.3000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

8/8/2005

7.0300

33.2000

62.4000

68.0000

0.0200

8/8/2005

7.2700

2.4000

0.3000

 

 

Mean

6.9025

31.1500

56.0500

53.5000

0.0155

Mean

5.5575

2.8750

0.2250

 

 

Std Dev

0.1153

2.4786

4.7473

17.9351

0.0047

Std Dev

1.6367

0.5500

0.0957

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Hypolimnion

9/8/2005

6.5500

22.0000

60.4000

57.0000

0.0100

9/8/2005

 

0.3000

4.5000

8.0000

0.0030

2.7554

low

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source

Lake/Pond Name

Sampling

Sampling

pH

Alkalinity

Conductivity

Color

Total P

Sampling

Chl a

Secchi

Nitrate

Calcium

Chloride

Aluminum

CSI

Acid

 

 

 

 Location

 Date

(units)

(ppm)

(mohms/cm)

(Pt-Co)

(ppm)

 Date

(mg/l)

(meters)

(ppm)

(ppm)

(ppm)

(ppm)

 

Vulnerability

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/14/2006

6.7600

28.4000

52.9000

28.0000

0.0200

6/14/2006

7.3000

2.5000

0.1000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

7/10/2006

6.7300

27.8000

54.5000

56.0000

0.0180

7/10/2006

5.5600

2.5000

0.1000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

8/15/2006

6.6100

25.8000

49.1000

50.0000

0.0180

8/15/2006

8.4700

2.4000

0.2000

 

 

Mean

6.7000

27.3333

52.1667

44.6667

0.0187

Mean

7.1100

2.4667

0.1333

 

 

Std Dev

0.0794

1.3614

2.7737

14.7422

0.0012

Std Dev

1.4643

0.0577

0.0577

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/14/2007

7.0100

31.6000

62.5000

44.0000

0.0180

6/14/2007

5.6700

2.7000

0.0000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

7/12/2007

6.8600

28.4000

50.4000

46.0000

0.0200

7/12/2007

6.2400

2.5000

0.2000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

8/10/2007

6.6700

26.8000

56.7000

70.0000

0.0200

8/10/2007

5.8400

2.6000

0.2000

 

 

Mean

6.8467

28.9333

56.5333

53.3333

0.0193

Mean

5.9167

2.6000

0.1333

 

 

Std Dev

0.1704

2.4440

6.0517

14.4684

0.0012

Std Dev

0.2926

0.1000

0.1155

 

 

 

 

 

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Epi

6/11/2008

7.3100

34.8000

54.5000

28.0000

0.0180

6/11/2008

5.0800

2.1000

0.2000

6.2700

8.0000

0.0000

1.7000

low

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

6/11/2008

7.2900

34.6000

55.6000

41.0000

0.0180

6/11/2008

6.7800

2.4000

0.1000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

7/11/2008

7.0200

28.8000

64.6000

86.0000

0.0210

7/11/2008

5.2600

2.5000

0.0000

 

Vol

Osgood Pond

Deephole

8/14/2008

6.6400

25.8000

54.1000

47.0000

0.0230

8/14/2008

6.4600

2.4000

0.3000

 

 

Mean

6.9833

29.7333

58.1000

58.0000

0.0207

Mean

6.1667

2.4333

0.1333

 

 

Std Dev

0.3265

4.4736

5.6789

24.4336

0.0025

Std Dev

0.8013

0.0577

0.1528

 

AWI

Osgood Pond

Hypo

6/11/2008

7.2300

35.4000

56.9000

51.0000

0.0170

6/11/2008

 x

 x

0.2000

6.3100

8.0000

0.0020

1.7000

low

 

 

 

 

 

 

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