(Photo courtesy of Gareth Collins)

Generalleutnant Ludwig Keiper
Born: 23 Apr 1894 in Jagdhaus by Homburg, District Rheinland-Pfalz
Died: 24 May 1981 in Munich (M�nchen)
Promotions:
F�hnrich (23 Mar 1913); Leutnant (17 Feb 1914); Oberleutnant (18 Apr 1917); Hauptmann (01 Nov 1924); Major (01 Apr 1934); Oberstleutnant (01 Mar 1936); Oberst (01 Apr 1938); Generalmajor (01 Jan 1941); Generalleutnant (01 Jan 1943)
Career:
Entered the Army as an F�hnrich and Company-Officer in the 3rd Grand Duke�s Hessian 117th Infantry-Leib-Regiment (05 Jul 1912-03 Aug 1914)
Company-Leader in the 118th Reserve-Infantry-Regiment (04 Aug 1914-16 Sep 1914)
Wounded, in Hospital (16 Sep 1914-14 May 1915)
Observer-Course with the 6th Flying-Replacement-Battalion, Gro�enhain (15 May 1915-29 May 1915)
Observer with the 24th Field-Flying-Battalion (30 May 1915-31 Oct 1915)
Observer with the Imperial Ottoman Flying-Battalion I, Dardanelle (01 Nov 1915-18 Feb 1916)
Observer with the Imperial Ottoman Flying-Battalion II, Baghdad (19 Feb 1916-15 Oct 1916)
1st Adjutant of the Chief of Air Affairs in Turkey (16 Oct 1916-15 Dec 1916)
Instructor and Course-Leader at the Observer and Flying School San Stefano near Constantinople (16 Dec 1916-00 Sep 1918)
Leader of the 15th Flying-Battalion (Turkey) (00 Sep 1918-00 Oct 1918)
Commander of Flying of the 3rd Ottoman Army (00 Oct 1918-30 Oct 1918)
Interned in Turkey, Returned Home and Placed to the Disposal of the Inspector Of Flying Troops (01 Nov 1918-06 Dec 1918)
Demobilisation with the 11th Flying-Replacement-Battalion, Brieg (07 Dec 1918-23 Mar 1919)
Company-Leader in the 117th Infantry-Regiment (29 Mar 1919-25 Apr 1919)
Company-Leader in the 36th Infantry-Regiment (26 Apr 1919-31 May 1920)
Company-Leader in the 22nd Reichswehr-Rifle-Regiment (01 Jun 1920-31 Dec 1920)
Company-Leader in the 15th Infantry-Regiment (01 Jan 1921-31 Mar 1932)
Company-Chief in the 13th Infantry-Regiment (01 Apr 1932-30 Nov 1933)
Transferred to Luftwaffe Service as Leader of the Reserve-Flying-Course in Schlei�heim (01 Dec 1933-30 Sep 1934)
Tactics-Instructor at the Infantry-School in Dresden (01 Oct 1934-30 Sep 1935)
Tactics-Instructor at the Air-War-School in Gatow (01 Oct 1935-31 May 1936)
Squadron-Captain of Flying-Squadron 1/111 (01 Jun 1936-30 Sep 1936)
Commander of Reconnaissance-Group 11 and Air-Base-Commandant Insterburg (01 Oct 1936-30 Sep 1937)
1st Adjutant and Group-Leader with the Staff of Air-District-Command I, K�nigsberg (01 Oct 1937-31 Jul 1938)
1st Adjutant and Group-Leader with the Staff of Luftwaffe-Command East Prussia, K�nigsberg (01 Aug 1938-31 Oct 1938)
Commodore of Reconnaissance-Wing 11, Gro�enheim (01 Nov 1938-25 Aug 1939)
Commander of Luftwaffe with the 4th Army (26 Aug 1939-31 Jul 1940)
Chief of Luftwaffe-Control-Commission I (01 Aug 1940-31 Jan 1941)
Chief of the German Luftwaffe-Mission in Slovakia, Pressburg (01 Feb 1941-21 Oct 1944)
F�hrer-Reserve � To the Disposal of Air-Region-Command XVII (22 Oct 1944-26 Nov 1944)
Placed to the Disposal of Flying-Replacement-Battalion XII, F�rth (27 Nov 1944-28 Feb 1945)
Retired (28 Feb 1945)
In Captivity (24 Apr 1945-03 Mar 1947)
Released (03 Mar 1947)

Decorations & Awards:
- 1914 EK I
- 1914 EK II
- Ritterkreuz II. Klasse des Kgl. S�chs. Albrechts-Ordens mit Schwertern
- Grossherzoglich Hessische Tapferkeitsmedaille
- Kgl. Preuss. Flugzeugbeobachter-Abzeichen
- Verwundetenabzeichen, 1918 in Schwarz
- Kgl. Preuss. Flieger Erinnerungs-Abzeichen
- k.u.k. �sterr. Milit�r-Verdienstkreuz III. Klasse mit der Kriegsdekoration
- T�rkischer Medschidi�-Orden IV. Klasse mit S�bel
- T�rkische Silberne Imtiaz-Medaille mit S�bel
- T�rkische Silberne Liakat-Medaille mit S�bel
- T�rkischer Eiserner Halbmond
- T�rkischer Flugzeugf�hrer-Abzeichen
- Deutsches Reiterabzeichen
- Ehrenkreuz f�r Frontk�mpfer 1914/1918
- Wehrmacht-Dienstauszeichnung IV. bis I. Klasse
- Flugzeugbeobachter-Abzeichen
- Spange zum EK I
- Spange zum EK II
- Slowakisches Flugzeugf�hrer- und Beobachter-Abzeichen
- Grosskreuz des Slowakischen Kriegssiegerkreuzes


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