Premenstrual Syndrome
Overview of Premenstrual Syndrome
PMS is defined as symptoms that begin 7 to 14 days prior to menstrual period. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins. About half of all women experience PMS at some time, some more than others. Peak occurrence is between ages 25 and 40.
Causes of Premenstrual Syndrome
The cause of PMS is unknown. It probably relates to changes in hormone levels, especially estrogen and progesterone. These fluctuations cause retention of sodium in the blood-stream which results in swelling in body tissues including the brain. Increased levels of prostaglandins may also contribute. Additional causes may be psychiatric, endocrinologic, diet, endorphins, serotonin, prostaglandin, fluid retention, vitamins and other factors.
Signs and Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome
Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome include nervousness, irritability, dizziness, fainting and emotional instability. Fluctuating sex drive may occur. Headaches are common. The breasts are frequently swollen, tender and painful. Bloating, constipation, diarrhea or other digestive disturbances frequently occur. Fluid retention leads to puffiness of the ankles, hands and face. Aggravation of acne may occur. |
