18. Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are the major organic molecules. Carbohydrates are molecules commonly called sugar with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, proteins are made up of amino acids and lipids are made of fatty acids (hydrogen and carbon and carboxyl group) and glycerol. Carbohydrates are sugars, starches and fibers, lipids make biological membranes and are stored energy and proteins make muscles and movement possible. Nucleic acids are made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus atoms and store genetic information.
19. Enzymes are catalysts and mostly proteins, which speed up chemical reactions and metabolism. Reactants which are affected by enzymes are called substrates, and the area on which an enzyme will attach to the substrates is called the active site.
20. Dehydration synthesis the joining to two sugars, which releases a water molecule, while hydrolysis occurs when polysaccharides are split again to form monosaccharides and absorb a molecule of water. These two actions occur with carbohydrates. |
