Legend:  Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
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Background: |
Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution
was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian
government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of
rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been
squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and
institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO
administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious
tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth
and political stability. Despite some irregularities the April 2003
elections marked the first civilian transfer of power in Nigeria's
history. |
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Location: |
Western
Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
|
|
Geographic coordinates: |
10 00 N,
8 00 E |
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Map references: |
Africa
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Area: |
total: 923,768 sq km
water: 13,000 sq km
land: 910,768 sq km |
|
Area - comparative: |
slightly
more than twice the size of California |
|
Land boundaries: |
total: 4,047 km
border countries: Benin 773
km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km |
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Coastline: |
853 km
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|
Maritime claims: |
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of
exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
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Climate: |
varies;
equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north |
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Terrain: |
southern
lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in
southeast, plains in north |
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Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest
point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m |
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Natural resources: |
natural
gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead,
zinc, arable land |
|
Land use: |
arable land: 30.96%
permanent crops: 2.79%
other: 66.25% (1998 est.) |
|
Irrigated land: |
2,330 sq
km (1998 est.) |
|
Natural hazards: |
periodic
droughts; flooding |
|
Environment - current issues: |
soil
degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution;
desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered
serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid
urbanization |
|
Environment - international agreements: |
party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine
Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
|
Geography - note: |
the
Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward
through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of
Guinea |
|
Population: |
133,881,703
note: estimates for this country
explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to
AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant
mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and
changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would
otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.) |
|
Age structure: |
0-14
years: 43.6% (male 29,322,774; female 28,990,702)
15-64
years: 53.6% (male 36,513,700; female 35,254,333)
65
years and over: 2.8% (male 1,890,043; female 1,910,151) (2003
est.) |
|
Median age: |
total: 18 years
male: 18.1 years
female: 17.9 years (2002) |
|
Population growth rate: |
2.53%
(2003 est.) |
|
Birth rate: |
38.75
births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate: |
13.76
deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate: |
0.26
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio: |
at
birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01
male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65
years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female
total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
|
Infant mortality rate: |
total: 71.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
68.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 74.44
deaths/1,000 live births |
|
Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 51.01 years
male: 50.89
years
female: 51.14 years (2003 est.) |
|
Total fertility rate: |
5.4
children born/woman (2003 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
5.8%
(2001 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
3.5
million (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
170,000 (2001 est.) |
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Nationality: |
noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian |
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Ethnic groups: |
Nigeria,
which is Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than
250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and
politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo
(Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% |
|
Religions: |
Muslim
50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10% |
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Languages: |
English
(official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani |
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Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 68%
male: 75.7%
female: 60.6% (2003 est.) |
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Country name: |
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria
conventional short form: Nigeria |
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Government type: |
republic
transitioning from military to civilian rule |
|
Capital: |
Abuja;
note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially transferred
from Lagos to Abuja; most federal government offices have now made
the move to Abuja |
|
Administrative divisions: |
36
states and 1 territory*; Abia, Abuja Federal Capital Territory*,
Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross
River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna,
Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun,
Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
|
|
Independence: |
1
October 1960 (from UK) |
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National holiday: |
Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960) |
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Constitution: |
new
constitution adopted May 1999 |
|
Legal system: |
based on
English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only in some northern
states), and traditional law |
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Suffrage: |
18 years
of age; universal |
|
Executive branch: |
chief
of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note
- the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29
May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head
of government
cabinet: Federal Executive Council
elections: president is elected by popular vote for no
more than two four-year terms; election last held 19 April 2003
(next to be held NA 2007)
election results: Olusegun
OBASANJO elected president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO
(PDP) 61.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI (ANPP) 31.2%, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu
OJUKWU (APGA) 3.3%, other 3.6% |
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Legislative branch: |
bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (107 seats, three
from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory; members
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of
Representatives (346 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 12 April
2003 (next to be held NA 2007); House of Representatives - last held
12 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007)
election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 53.6%, ANPP 27.9%, AD 9.7%;
seats by party - PDP 73, ANPP 28, AD 6; House of Representatives -
percent of vote by party - PDP 54.5%, ANPP 27.4%, AD 9.3%, other
8.8%; seats by party - PDP 213, ANPP 95, AD 31, other 7; note - two
constituencies are not reported |
|
Judicial branch: |
Supreme
Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal
(judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the
Advisory Judicial Committee) |
|
Political parties and leaders: |
Alliance
for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; All Nigeria Peoples'
Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA
[Chekwas OKORIE]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu
FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH]; Peoples
Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples
Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria Peoples
Party or UNPP [Saleh JAMBO] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders: |
Nigerian
Labor Congress or NLC [Adams OSHIOMOLE] |
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International organization participation: |
ACP,
AfDB, C, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW,
OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,
UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNMOVIC, UNU, UPU, WCO,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
|
Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief
of mission: Ambassador Jibril Muhammad AMINU
consulate(s)
general: Atlanta and New York
FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385
telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400
chancery: 3519
International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief
of mission: Ambassador Howard Franklin JETER
embassy:
7 Mambilla Drive, Abuja
mailing address: P. O. Box 554,
Lagos
telephone: [234] (9) 523-0916/0906/5857/2235/2205
FAX: [234] (9) 523-0353 |
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Flag description: |
three
equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green
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Economy - overview: |
The
oil-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability,
corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing
substantial reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's
former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from
overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides
20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of
budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has
failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a
large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the
signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria
received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1
billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms.
The agreement was allowed to expire by the IMF in November 2001,
however, and Nigeria apparently received much less multilateral
assistance than expected in 2002. Nonetheless, increases in foreign
oil investment and oil production kept growth at 3% in 2002. The
government lacks the strength to implement the market-oriented
reforms urged by the IMF, such as modernization of the banking
system; to curb inflation by blocking excessive wage demands; and to
resolve regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the
oil industry. When the uncertainties in the global economy are added
in, estimates of Nigeria's prospects for 2003 must have a wide
margin of error. |
|
GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $112.5 billion (2002 est.) |
|
GDP - real growth rate: |
3.2%
(2002 est.) |
|
GDP - per capita: |
purchasing power parity - $900 (2002 est.) |
|
GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 45%
industry: 20%
services: 35% (2002 est.) |
|
Population below poverty line: |
60%
(2000 est.) |
|
Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 40.8% (1996-97)
|
|
Distribution of family income - Gini
index: |
50.6
(1996-97) |
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
14.2%
(2002 est.) |
|
Labor force: |
66
million (1999 est.) |
|
Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.) |
|
Unemployment rate: |
28%
(1992 est.) |
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Budget: |
revenues: $3.4 billion
expenditures: $3.6
billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
|
Industries: |
crude
oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood,
hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials,
food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics,
steel |
|
Industrial production growth rate: |
0.4%
(2002 est.) |
|
Electricity - production: |
15.67
billion kWh (2001) |
|
Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 61.9%
hydro: 38.1%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
|
Electricity - consumption: |
14.55
billion kWh (2001) |
|
Electricity - exports: |
20
million kWh (2001) |
|
Electricity - imports: |
0 kWh
(2001) |
|
Oil - production: |
2.256
million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
|
Oil - consumption: |
275,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
|
Oil - exports: |
NA
(2001) |
|
Oil - imports: |
NA
(2001) |
|
Oil - proved reserves: |
27
billion bbl (37257) |
|
Natural gas - production: |
15.68
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - consumption: |
7.85
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - exports: |
7.83
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - imports: |
0 cu m
(2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - proved reserves: |
4.007
trillion cu m (37257) |
|
Agriculture - products: |
cocoa,
peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca),
yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish |
|
Exports: |
$17.3
billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
|
Exports - commodities: |
petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber |
|
Exports - partners: |
US
32.3%, Brazil 8.3%, Spain 7.2%, Indonesia 5.9%, France 5.6%, India
4.6% (2002) |
|
Imports: |
$13.6
billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
|
Imports - commodities: |
machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods,
food and live animals |
|
Imports - partners: |
UK 9.6%,
US 9.4%, China 9.3%, France 8.7%, Germany 6.8%, South Korea 6.1%,
Netherlands 5.2%, Italy 4.7% (2002) |
|
Debt - external: |
$29.7
billion (2002 est.) |
|
Economic aid - recipient: |
ODA $250
million (1998) |
|
Currency: |
naira
(NGN) |
|
Currency code: |
NGN
|
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Exchange rates: |
nairas
per US dollar - NA (2002), 111.23 (2001), 101.7 (2000), 92.34
(1999), 21.89 (1998) |
|
Fiscal year: |
calendar
year |
|
Railways: |
total: 3,557 km
narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m
gauge
standard gauge: 52 km 1.435-m gauge (2002) |
|
Highways: |
total: 194,394 km
paved: 60,068 km (including
1,194 km of expressways)
unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.)
|
|
Waterways: |
8,575 km
note: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and
smaller rivers and creeks |
|
Pipelines: |
condensate 105 km; gas 1,660 km; oil 3,634 km (2003) |
|
Ports and harbors: |
Calabar,
Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri |
|
Merchant marine: |
total: 44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 327,689 GRT/607,560
DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered
here as a flag of convenience: Bulgaria 1, Greece 1, Norway 1,
Pakistan 1, Togo 1, US 1 (2002 est.)
ships by type: bulk
1, cargo 7, chemical tanker 5, petroleum tanker 29, roll on/roll off
1, specialized tanker 1 |
|
Airports: |
70
(2002) |
|
Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 36
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to
3,047 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m:
3 (2002)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 34
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to
1,523 m: 13
under 914 m: 18 (2002) |
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Heliports: |
1 (2002)
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This page was last updated on 18 December,
2003
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