EBM Librarian: Bibliographies (English-language articles) of Possible Readings for an EBM Syllabus

See also EBM Librarian: Teaching EBM, Example Articles, & More

See also EBM Librarian: Bibliographies (non-English articles) of Suggested Readings for an EBM Syllabus

See also Keeping Current for OTs: EBM, Life-Long Learning, & Continuing Education

Syllabus Strategy:
A few of my OT professors had an interesting strategy. For assigned readings on a topic, they listed the page numbers from several different texts. We didn't have to read all of them, but were given the option to read whichever text explained the topic best. Some of my classmates found "book A" more understandable on that particular topic while others found "book C" more understandable. I really appreciated the extra effort my professors went into pointing us to various sources. You might consider the same technique for your students. For example, list several articles and book sections on designing a PICO and give your students the freedom to read whichever one fits their learning style best.

Reading out of your Field:
Your students are surgeons, why have them read articles for psychologists? There are at least 2 reasons to read out of your field. First, some health fields naturally support one type of study design &/or have difficulty in gathering or analyzing the data. By reading out of your field, you may learn another field has the same difficulties and how that field has addressed them. Second, although these articles contain the same concepts, it may not be until you read that one author's description that you finally understand it. Although I have an educational background in library science and occupational therapy, it was the dentistry articles that helped me better understand evidence-based medicine.

Framing the Question/PICO | Searching/Finding the Evidence/Articles | EBM: Prognosis | EBM: Diagnosis | EBM: Etiology/Harm | EBM: Therapy | EBM: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses | EBM: Economics | EBM: Quality of Life | EBM: Controversy or Difficulties | EBM: Law & Liability | EBM: Statistics, Biostatistics, Epidemiology (how to quickly note the math in the articles without thinking too hard) | EBM: Non-English Articles | EBM: Humor | EBM: Glossaries/Dictionaries | EBM: Miscellaneous |

EBM: Framing the Question/PICO

Salmond SW. Advancing evidence-based practice: a primer. Orthop Nurs. 2007 Mar-Apr;26(2):114-23; quiz 124-5.

Booth A. Clear and present questions: formulating questions for evidence based practice. Library Hi Tech. Bradford: 2006. Vol. 24, Iss. 3; p. 355.
Written for librarians, but does describe the difference between background and foreground questions.

Wilson K, McGowan J, Guyatt G, Mills EJ. Teaching evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: 3. Asking the questions and identifying the information. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Aug;8(4):499-506.

McKibbon KA, Marks S. Posing clinical questions: framing the question for scientific inquiry. AACN Clin Issues. 2001 Nov;12(4):477-81.

Mitchell G. Reframing the question. A way of applying evidence based medicine to a common clinical situation. Aust Fam Physician. 1998 Oct;27(10):875-6.

Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS. The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club. 1995 Nov-Dec;123(3):A12-3.

Armstrong EC. The well-built clinical question: the key to finding the best evidence efficiently. WMJ. 1999 Mar-Apr;98(2):25-8.

Stone PW. Popping the (PICO) question in research and evidence-based practice. Appl Nurs Res. 2002 Aug;15(3):197-8.

Booth A, O'Rourke AJ, Ford NJ. Structuring the pre-search reference interview: a useful technique for handling clinical questions. Bull Med Libr Assoc. 2000 Jul;88(3):239-46.

Anderson JD. The question. Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Jan;46(1):11-9.

Forumulating Answerable Clinical Questions from the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine

 

EBM: Searching/Finding the Evidence/Articles

Doig GS, Simpson F. Efficient literature searching: a core skill for the practice of evidence-based medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2003 Sep 3 [Epub ahead of print]

Birch DW, Eady A, Robertson D, De Pauw S, Tandan V; Evidence-Based Surgery Working Group. Users' guide to the surgical literature: how to perform a literature search. Can J Surg. 2003 Apr;46(2):136-41. Erratum in: C an J Surg. 2003 Aug 15;46(4):250.

Sassi F, Archard L, McDaid D. Searching literature databases for health care economic evaluations: how systematic can we afford to be? Med Care. 2002 May;40(5):387-94.

Wilson K, McGowan J, Guyatt G, Mills EJ. Teaching evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: 3. Asking the questions and identifying the information. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Aug;8(4):499-506.

Lang TA, Secic M. (1997). Asking Questions and Finding Answers: Reporting Research Designs and Activities. In TA Lang & M Secic, How to report statistics in medicine: Annotated guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers (3-37). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American College of Physicians.
This book is written for those wishing to write research articles, but the information in this chapter provides valuable information of what basic types of data goes into the Introduction, Materials & Methods, Results, And Discussion (IMRAD) format.

Lang TA, Secic M. (1997). Comparing Groups I: Reporting P Values. In TA Lang & M Secic, How to report statistics in medicine: Annotated guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers (65-80). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American College of Physicians.
A deeper description of what goes into the IMRAD format for P values.

Lang TA, Secic M. (1997). Analyzing Multiple Variables II: Reporting Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In TA Lang & M Secic, How to report statistics in medicine: Annotated guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers (127-135). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American College of Physicians.
A deeper description of what goes into the IMRAD format for ANOVA.

Laskin DM. Finding the evidence for evidence-based dentistry. J Am Coll Dent. 2000 Spring;67(1):7-10.

Odunsi KO, Cooke IE, Olive DL. Evidence-based medicine: how do we find the evidence? J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1998 Aug;5(3):313-8.

Felton DA. Conducting a search of the literature. Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Jan;46(1):45-9, vi.

Morrisey LJ, DeBourgh GA. Finding evidence: refining literature searching skills for the advanced practice nurse. AACN Clin Issues. 2001 Nov;12(4):560-77.

Allison JJ, Kiefe CI, Weissman NW, Carter J, Centor RM. The art and science of searching MEDLINE to answer clinical questions. Finding the right number of articles. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1999 Spring;15(2):281-96.

Neely JG, Hartman JM, Wallace MS. Building the powerful 10-minute office visit: Part II. Beginning a critical literature review. Laryngoscope. 2001 Jan;111(1):70-6.

Harris MR. Searching for evidence in perioperative nursing. Semin Perioper Nurs. 2000 Jul;9(3):105-14.

Glanville J, Lefebvre C. Identifying systematic reviews: Key resources. 2000 Aug;3(3):68-69.

 

EBM: Prognosis

Guyatt G, Drummond R. [Eds.]. Users' guides to the medical literature: a Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. Chicago: AMA Press, 2000. [Note: this is a revised and updated version of JAMA's Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (33 articles) and CMAJ's How to Read Clinical Journals (7 articles--NOTE: articles #9 and #10 are spoofs).]

Revised CONSORT statement "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" provides examples of what the article text should look like, scroll down to the checklist and click on the topic titles to read them; click on "links" in the left frame to view the document in Dutch, French, German, Japanese, & Spanish

Groll JM, Fritz MA. Evaluating the medical literature in reproductive medicine: questions concerning prognosis. Semin Reprod Med. 2003 Feb;21(1):27-38.

Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Swiontkowski MF. User's guide to the orthopaedic literature: how to use an article about prognosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 Oct;83-A(10):1555-64.

Lloyd PM. Users' guide to the dental literature: how to use an article about prognosis. Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Jan;46(1):127-36, vii.

Straus SE, McAlister FA. A clinician's guide to journal articles about prognosis. ACP J Club. 1999 May-Jun;130(3):A13-5.

Cullum N. Critical appraisal. Finding and appraising cohort studies for causation and prognosis. NT Learn Curve. 1999 Sep 1;3(7):8-10.

Randolph AG, Guyatt GH, Richardson WS. Prognosis in the intensive care unit: finding accurate and useful estimates for counseling patients. Crit Care Med. 1998 Apr;26(4):767-72.

van Walraven C, Hebert PC. A reader's guide to the evaluation of prognostic studies. Postgrad Med J. 1996 Jan;72(843):6-11.

Cullum N. Critical appraisal. Finding and appraising cohort studies for causation and prognosis. NT Learn Curve. 1999 Sep 1;3(7):8-10.

 

EBM: Diagnosis

Guyatt G, Drummond R. [Eds.]. Users' guides to the medical literature: a Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. Chicago: AMA Press, 2000. [Note: this is a revised and updated version of JAMA's Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (33 articles) and CMAJ's How to Read Clinical Journals (7 articles--NOTE: articles #9 and #10 are spoofs).]

Revised CONSORT statement "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" provides examples of what the article text should look like, scroll down to the checklist and click on the topic titles to read them; click on "links" in the left frame to view the document in Dutch, French, German, Japanese, & Spanish

Soares I, Carneiro AV. Prevention and screening. Part II: Critical appraisal of articles on screening. Rev Port Cardiol. 2003 Jan;22(1):117-30.

Jull A. Evaluation of studies of assessment and screening tools, and diagnostic tests. Evid Based Nurs. 2002 Jul;5(3):68-72.

Pritts EA, Duleba A, Olive DL. Evidence-based medicine: evaluating diagnostic tests. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1999 Feb;6(1):105-12. [Get this article, it's great!]

Archibald S, Bhandari M, Thoma A. Users' guides to the surgical literature: how to use an article about a diagnostic test. Evidence-Based Surgery Working Group. Can J Surg. 2001 Feb;44(1):17-23. [erratum appears in Can J Surg 2001 Dec;44(6):467].

Eckert SE, Goldstein GR, Koka S. How to evaluate a diagnostic test. J Prosthet Dent. 2000 Apr;83(4):386-91.

Daya S. Study design for the evaluation of diagnostic tests. Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1996 May;14(2):101-9.

Keenan SP, Guyatt GH, Sibbald WJ, Cook DJ, Heyland DK, Jaeschke RZ. How to use articles about diagnostic technology: gastric tonometry. Crit Care Med. 1999 Sep;27(9):1726-31.

Jaeschke RZ, Meade MO, Guyatt GH, Keenan SP, Cook DJ. How to use diagnostic test articles in the intensive care unit: diagnosing weanability using f/Vt. Crit Care Med. 1997 Sep;25(9):1514-21.

Sackett DL, Straus S. On some clinically useful measures of the accuracy of diagnostic tests. ACP J Club. 1998 Sep-Oct;129(2):A17-9.

Fletcher SW. Evidence-based screening: what kind of evidence is needed? ACP J Club. 1998 May-Jun;128(3):A12-4.

Guyatt GH. Readers' guide for articles evaluating diagnostic tests: What ACP Journal Club does for you and what you must do yourself. ACP J Club. 1991 Sept-Oct(& revised 1996);115:A16.

Earle C, Hebert PC. A reader's guide to the evaluation of screening studies. Postgrad Med J. 1996 Feb;72(844):77-83.

Gilbert R, Logan S, Moyer VA, Elliott EJ. Assessing diagnostic and screening tests: Part 1. Concepts. West J Med. 2001 Jun;174(6):405-9.

Gilbert R, Logan S, Moyer VA, Elliott EJ. Assessing diagnostic and screening tests: Part 2. How to use the research literature on diagnosis. West J Med. 2001 Jul;175(1):37-41.

Malone DE, Maceneaney PM. Applying 'technology assessment' and 'evidence based medicine' theory to interventional radiology. Part 1: Suggestions for the phased evaluation of new procedures. Clin Radiol. 2000 Dec;55(12):929-37.

Malone DE, MacEneaney P. Applying 'technology assessment' and 'evidence-based medicine' theory to interventional radiology. Part one: suggestions for the phased evaluation of new procedures. Clin Radiol. 2002 Mar;57(3):233. [NOTE: this is a letter update by the authors.]

Sharma S. The likelihood ratio and ophthalmology: a review of how to critically appraise diagnostic studies. Can J Ophthalmol. 1997 Dec;32(7):475-8.

McQueen MJ. Evidence-based medicine: its application to laboratory medicine. Ther Drug Monit. 2000 Feb;22(1):1-9.

Moore RA. Concepts and principles of evidence-based laboratory medicine. Am Clin Lab. 1999 Jan-Feb;18(1):24-5.

 

EBM: Etiology/Harm

Guyatt G, Drummond R. [Eds.]. Users' guides to the medical literature: a Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. Chicago: AMA Press, 2000. [Note: this is a revised and updated version of JAMA's Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (33 articles) and CMAJ's How to Read Clinical Journals (7 articles--NOTE: articles #9 and #10 are spoofs).]

Wilson K, Mills EJ, Hollyer T, Vohra S, Guyatt G. Teaching evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: 2. A conceptual approach to causation-part 1. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Jun;8(3):379-83.

Revised CONSORT statement "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" provides examples of what the article text should look like, scroll down to the checklist and click on the topic titles to read them; click on "links" in the left frame to view the document in Dutch, French, German, Japanese, & Spanish

Jacob RF, Lloyd PM. How to evaluate a dental article about harm. J Prosthet Dent. 2000 Jul;84(1):8-16.

Cullum N. Critical appraisal. Finding and appraising cohort studies for causation and prognosis. NT Learn Curve. 1999 Sep 1;3(7):8-10.

Podrebarac T, Tugwell P, Hebert PC. A reader's guide to the evaluation of causation. Postgrad Med J. 1996 Mar;72(845):131-6.

Turcotte K, Raina P, Moyer VA. Above all, do no harm: assessing the risk of an adverse reaction. West J Med. 2001 May;174(5):325-9.

Maceneaney PM, Malone DE. Applying 'evidence-based medicine' theory to interventional radiology. Part 2: a spreadsheet for swift assessment of procedural benefit and harm. Clin Radiol. 2000 Dec;55(12):938-45.

Meade MO, Cook DJ, Kernerman P, Bernard G. How to use articles about harm: the relationship between high tidal volumes, ventilating pressures, and ventilator-induced lung injury. Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;25(11):1915-22.

Sirio CA. Evidence based medicine: how to use articles about harm: where are the emperor's clothes? Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;25(11):1785-6.

Warner JP. Evidence-based psychopharmacology 3. Assessing evidence of harm: what are the teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate? J Psychopharmacol. 2000 Mar;14(1):77-80.

Shaw LJ, Iskandrian AE, Hachamovitch R, Germano G, Lewin HC, Bateman TM, Berman DS. Evidence-based risk assessment in noninvasive imaging. J Nucl Med. 2001 Sep;42(9):1424-36.

Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jun 30;318(26):1728-33.

Cullum N. Critical appraisal. Finding and appraising cohort studies for causation and prognosis. NT Learn Curve. 1999 Sep 1;3(7):8-10.

Weil S. University of Toronto Medical Journal. Evidence-based medicine: How to read an article on risk. 2000 May;77(3):259-260.

 

EBM: Therapy

Guyatt G, Drummond R. [Eds.]. Users' guides to the medical literature: a Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. Chicago: AMA Press, 2000. [Note: this is a revised and updated version of JAMA's Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (33 articles) and CMAJ's How to Read Clinical Journals (7 articles--NOTE: articles #9 and #10 are spoofs).]

Busse JW, Guyatt GH, Bhandari M, Cassidy JD.>Busse JW, Guyatt GH, Bhandari M, Cassidy JD. User's guide to the chiropractic literature-IA: how to use an article about therapy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2003 Jun;26(5):330-7.

Busse JW, Guyatt GH, Bhandari M, Cassidy JD. User's guide to the Chiropractic Literature-IB: How to use an article about therapy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2003 Oct;26(8):525-32.

Wilson K, Mills EJ, McGowan J, Guyatt G. Teaching evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: 5. Interpreting the results of a study on therapy and applying them to a patient. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Dec;8(6):867-73.

Wilson K, Mills EJ, Ross C, Guyatt G. Teaching evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: 4. Appraising the evidence for papers on therapy. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Oct;8(5):673-9.

Revised CONSORT statement "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" provides examples of what the article text should look like, scroll down to the checklist and click on the topic titles to read them; click on "links" in the left frame to view the document in Dutch, French, German, Japanese, & Spanish

Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Swiontkowski MF. User's guide to the orthopaedic literature: how to use an article about a surgical therapy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 Jun;83-A(6):916-26.

Goldstein GR, Preston JD. How to evaluate an article about therapy. J Prosthet Dent. 2000 Jun;83(6):599-603.

Urschel JD, Goldsmith CH, Tandan VR, Miller JD. Users' guide to evidence-based surgery: how to use an article evaluating surgical interventions. Evidence-Based Surgery Working Group. Can J Surg. 2001 Apr;44(2):95-100.

Cullum N. Evaluation of studies of treatment or prevention interventions. Part 2: applying the results of studies to your patients. Evid Based Nurs. 2001 Jan;4(1):7-8.

Morales AJ. Study design for the evaluation of treatment. Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1996 May;14(2):111-8.

Warner JP. Evidence-based psychopharmacology 1. Appraising a single therapeutic trial: what is the evidence for treating early Alzheimer's disease with donepezil? J Psychopharmacol. 1999;13(3):308-12.

Cook DJ, Hebert PC, Heyland DK, Guyatt GH, Brun-Buisson C, Marshall JC, Russell J, Vincent JL, Sprung CL, Rutledge F. How to use an article on therapy or prevention: pneumonia prevention using subglottic secretion drainage. Crit Care Med. 1997 Sep;25(9):1502-13.

Sackett DL, Haynes RB. Summarising the effects of therapy: a New table and some more terms. ACP J Club. 1997 Jul-Aug;127:A15.

Olive DL, Pritts EA, Morales AJ. Evidence-based medicine: study design for evaluation of treatment. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1998 Feb;5(1):75-82.

Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jun 30;318(26):1728-33.

DiCenso A. Clinically useful measures of the effects of treatment. Evid Based Nurs. 2001 Apr;4(2):36-9.

 

EBM: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Guyatt G, Drummond R. [Eds.]. Users' guides to the medical literature: a Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. Chicago: AMA Press, 2000. [Note: this is a revised and updated version of JAMA's Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (33 articles) and CMAJ's How to Read Clinical Journals (7 articles--NOTE: articles #9 and #10 are spoofs).]

Deeks JJ. Systematic reviews in health care: Systematic reviews of evaluations of diagnostic and screening tests. BMJ. 2001 Jul 21;323(7305):157-62.

Lang TA, Secic M. (1997). Combining the Results of Several Studies: Reporting the Results of Meta-Analyses. In TA Lang & M Secic, How to report statistics in medicine: Annotated guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers (171-185). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American College of Physicians.
A deeper description of what goes into the IMRAD format for meta-analyses.

Sutton AJ, Abrams KR. Systematic reviews of trials and other studies. Health Technology Assessment. 1998; 2(19)1-310. This 310-page manual seems to provide all the information you need to research & write a systematic review and meta-analysis; from EBM Tudor.

The State of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Montori V, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF. User's guide to the orthopaedic literature: how to use a systematic literature review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Sep;84-A(9):1672-82.

Felton DA, Lang BR. The overview: an article that interrogates the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2000 Jul;84(1):17-21.

Cullum N. Critical appraisal. How to decide if review articles are trustworthy and relevant for practice. NT Learn Curve. 1999 Aug 4;3(6):4-6.

Ciliska D, Cullum N, Marks S. Evaluation of systematic reviews of treatment or prevention interventions. Evid Based Nurs. 2001 Oct;4(4):100-4.

Dickson R, Cullum N. Systematic reviews: how to use the information. Nurs Stand. 1996 Feb 7;10(20):32.

Sindhu F, Dickson R. Literature searching for systematic reviews. Nurs Stand. 1997 Jul 2;11(41):40-2.

Dickson R, Entwistle V. Systematic reviews: keeping up with research evidence. Nurs Stand. 1996 Jan 31;10(19):32.

Warner JP. Evidence-based psychopharmacology 2. Appraising a systematic review: is risperidone better than conventional antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia? J Psychopharmacol. 1999 Dec;13(4):415-8.

Cook DJ, Levy MM, Heyland DK. How to use a review article: prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Evidence Based Critical Care Medicine Group. Crit Care Med. 1998 Apr;26(4):692-700.

Shaughnessy AF, Slawson DC. Getting the most from review articles: a guide for readers and writers. Am Fam Physician. 1997 May 1;55(6):2155-60.

Acton GJ. Meta-analysis: a tool for evidence-based practice. AACN Clin Issues. 2001 Nov;12(4):539-45.

Moher D, Jadad AR, Klassen TP. Guides for reading and interpreting systematic reviews: III. How did the authors synthesize the data and make their conclusions? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Sep;152(9):915-20.

Jadad AR, Moher D, Klassen TP. Guides for reading and interpreting systematic reviews: II. How did the authors find the studies and assess their quality? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Aug;152(8):812-7.

Klassen TP, Jadad AR, Moher D. Guides for reading and interpreting systematic reviews: I. Getting started. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Jul;152(7):700-4.

The Moose Initiative (Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) from the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT); click on �News� on the left frame and scroll to down to the Proposal Statement and the Checklist

Ross SD. Drug-related adverse events: a readers' guide to assessing literature reviews and meta-analyses. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Apr 23;161(8):1041-6.

Horvath AR, Pewsner D. Systematic reviews in laboratory medicine: principles, processes and practical considerations. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Apr;342(1-2):23-39.

An Introduction to Systematic Reviews

Appraising Systematic Reviews

 

EBM: Economics

Guyatt G, Drummond R. [Eds.]. Users' guides to the medical literature: a Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. Chicago: AMA Press, 2000. [Note: this is a revised and updated version of JAMA's Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (33 articles) and CMAJ's How to Read Clinical Journals (7 articles--NOTE: articles #9 and #10 are spoofs).]

Thoma A, Sprague S, Tandan V. Users' guide to the surgical literature: how to use an article on economic analysis. Can J Surg. 2001 Oct;44(5):347-54.

Stone PW, Bakken S, Curran CR, Walker PH. Evaluation of studies of health economics. Evid Based Nurs. 2002 Oct;5(4):100-4.

Drummond M. Evidence-based medicine and cost-effectiveness: Uneasy bedfellows? Evidence-Based Medicine. 1998 Sept/Oct;3(5):133.

Lamptey N-K. The ABCs of cost-effectiveness analysis. University of Toronto Medical Journal. 1999 May;76(3):150-151. [Full Text]

How to Review the Evidence: Systematic Identification & Review of the Scientific Literature Online book from Australia; 115 pages

How to Compare the Costs & Benefits: Evaluation of the Economic Evidence Online book from Australia; 122 pages

Health Economics Information: NLM

Thoma A, Sprague S, Tandan V. Users' guide to the surgical literature: how to use an article on economic analysis. Can J Surg. 2001 Oct;44(5):347-54.

Sculpher M, Mercey D. How to assess an article on economic evaluation. Sex Transm Infect. 1998 Jun;74(3):223-7.

Subak, L.L. (1998). Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. In D.J. Friedland (Ed.), Evidence-Based Medicine: A framework for clinical practice (pp. 83-100). Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange.

Gray, A. (1999). Economic Evaluation. In M. Dawes et al., Evidence-Based Practice: A primer for health care professionals (101-110). NY: Churchill Livingstone.

Gray, A. (1999). Is the Intervention Cost-Effective? In M. Dawes et al., Evidence-Based Practice: A primer for health care professionals (181-197). NY: Churchill Livingstone.

Ramsey S.D., Sullivan S.D. (2000). Weighing the Economic Evidence: Guidelines for Critical Assessment of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses. In J.P. Geyman et al., Evidence-Based Clinical Practice: Concepts and approaches (103-110). Boston, MA: Butterworth Heinemann.

Sackett DL, et al. [Eds.] (2000). Reports of Economic Analyses. In Sackett DL et al., Evidence-Based Medicine: How to practice and teach EBM, 2nd ed. (144-150). NY: Churchill Livingstone.

Geyman JP, Deyo RA, Ramsey SD. [Eds.] (2000). Cost-Effectiveness of Primary Care. In J.P. Geyman et al., Evidence-Based Clinical Practice: Concepts and approaches (111-118 and 163-164). Boston, MA: Butterworth Heinemann.

Lang TA, Secic M. (1997). Weighing the Costs and Consequences of Treatment: Reporting the Results of Economic Evaluations. In TA Lang & M Secic, How to report statistics in medicine: Annotated guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers (187-210). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American College of Physicians.
This book is written for those wishing to write research articles, but the information in this chapter provides valuable information of what types of data (for an economics article) goes into the Introduction, Materials & Methods, Results, And Discussion (IMRAD) format.

Health Economics Evaluations Database subscription database

What is... series handouts on cost-effectiveness

Syllabi For Practising EBM: Evidence-Based Purchasing includes an analysis of a research article

 

EBM: Quality of Life

Guyatt G, Drummond R. [Eds.]. Users' guides to the medical literature: a Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. Chicago: AMA Press, 2000. [Note: this is a revised and updated version of JAMA's Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (33 articles) and CMAJ's How to Read Clinical Journals (7 articles--NOTE: articles #9 and #10 are spoofs).]

Kerba M. Assessing health-related quality of life. University of Toronto Medical Journal. 2001 May;78(3):196-199. [Full Text]

Seers, K. (1999). Qualitative Research. In M. Dawes et al., Evidence-Based Practice: A primer for health care professionals (111-125). NY: Churchill Livingstone.

Taylor, T.R. (2000). Understanding the Choices that Patients Make. In J.P. Geyman et al., Evidence-Based Clinical Practice: Concepts and approaches (73-81). Boston, MA: Butterworth Heinemann.

What is... series handouts on health utilities and quality adjusted life years (QALY)

 

EBM: Controversy or Difficulties

 

EBM: Law & Liability

Rosoff AJ. Evidence-based medicine and the law: the courts confront clinical practice guidelines. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2001 Apr;26(2):327-68.

Marwick C. Will evidence-based practice help span gulf between medicine and law? JAMA. 2000 Jun 7;283(21):2775-6.

Eisenberg JM. What does evidence mean? Can the law and medicine be reconciled? J Health Polit Policy Law. 2001 Apr;26(2):369-81.

Shuman DW. Expertise in law, medicine, and health care. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2001 Apr;26(2):267-90.

Mulrow CD, Lohr KN. Proof and policy from medical research evidence. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2001 Apr;26(2):249-66.

Havighurst CC, Hutt PB, McNeil BJ, Miller W. Evidence: its meanings in health care and in law. (Summary of the 10 April 2000 IOM and AHRQ Workshop, "Evidence": its meanings and uses in law, medicine, and health care). J Health Polit Policy Law. 2001 Apr;26(2):195-215.

 

EBM: Statistics, Biostatistics, Epidemiology (how to quickly note the math in the articles without thinking too hard)

(2002). Epidemiology and statistics. In S. Daugherty (Ed.), USMLE step 3: Qbook (pp. 33-52). Chicago, IL: Kaplan Inc.

Niccoli JJ. Guide to critical evaluation of the medical literature. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1994 Oct;84(10):528-31.

Wharton S. Evidence-based medicine series: Part 4; Making sense of the numbers. 1999 May;76(3):150-151. [Full Text]

Understanding Study Results lecture notes of Kristin Marciante, teaching assistant at the University of Washington School of Pharmacy

Gross R, Jensen N. Using evidence to make decisions. WMJ. 1999 Mar-Apr;98(2):53-6.

Pritts EA, Duleba A, Olive DL. Evidence-based medicine: evaluating diagnostic tests. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1999 Feb;6(1):105-12. [Get this article, it's great!]

Sharma S. The likelihood ratio and ophthalmology: a review of how to critically appraise diagnostic studies. Can J Ophthalmol. 1997 Dec;32(7):475-8.

Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jun 30;318(26):1728-33.

DiCenso A. Clinically useful measures of the effects of treatment. Evid Based Nurs. 2001 Apr;4(2):36-9.

Sheldon TA. Biostatistics and study design for evidence-based practice. AACN Clin Issues. 2001 Nov;12(4):546-59.

Dowie J. The 'number needed to treat' and the 'adjusted NNT' in health care decision-making. J Health Serv Res Policy. 1998 Jan;3(1):44-9.

Giocoli G. Evidence-based clinical microbiology. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Sep;38(9):3520-1.

Revised CONSORT statement "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" provides examples of what the article text should look like, scroll down to the checklist and click on the topic titles to read them; click on "links" in the left frame to view the document in Dutch, French, German, Japanese, & Spanish

Problems and challenges of teaching biostatistics to medical students and professionals. Med Teach. 1999 May;21(3):286-288.

What is... series handouts on NNT, CI, critical appraisal, and more

STATS - STeve's Attempt to Teach Statistics this man is wonderful for providing this info; lots of great handouts on research concepts in epidemiology & statistics; check out his Likelihood Ratio slide rule

Sheldon T. EBN notebook. Statistics for evidence-based nursing. Evidence-Based Nursing. 3(1):4-6, 2000 Jan.

Anonymous. Statistical and Epidemiologic Definitions and Calculations. Evidence-Based Eye Care. 2002 Jan;3(1):7.

Confidence Interval Calulator quickly calculate the confidence limits at a 95% Confidence Interval for ARR, NNT, RR, RRR, OR, sensitivity, specificity, and 2-level likelihood ratios; uses Excel

Statistically Significant Sites article reviewing biostatistics & statistics websites

Evidence-Based Tools: Statistics from the Centre for Evidence-Based Dentistry

 

EBM Librarian: Bibliographies (non-English articles)

Go to EBM Librarian: Bibliographies (non-English articles)

 

EBM: Humor

Go to EBM Librarian: Teaching EBM, Example Articles, & More

 

EBM: Glossaries/Dictionaries

Szatmari P. Some useful concepts and terms used in articles about treatment. Evid Based Ment Health. 1998 May;1(2):39-40.

Streiner D, Geddes J. Some useful concepts and terms used in articles about diagnosis. Evid Based Ment Health. 1998 Feb;1(1):6-7.

Anonymous. Glossary [systematic reviews]. Evid Based Ment Health. 1998 Nov;1(4):128.

Anonymous. Glossary [therapeutics]. Evid Based Ment Health. 1998 May;1(2):64.

Anonymous. Glossary [diagnosis]. Evid Based Ment Health. 1998 Feb;1(1):32.

Anonymous. Glossary: terms used in therapeutics; terms used in diagnosis. Evidence-Based Medicine. 1998 May/Jun;3(3):65.

Weil E. Evidence-based medicine glossary. University of Toronto Medical Journal. 1999 May;76(3):140-141. [Full Text]

Anonymous. Glossary. Evid Based Nurs. [in every issue; inside back cover].

 

EBM: Miscellaneous

EBM Discussion Lists includes discussion listservs for various healthcare professionals and in various languages

Sackett DL. Bias in analytic research. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(1-2):51-63. [This article is a must! Check out the list of 35 biases (with examples from the literature) in the article's appendix.]

Wentz R. Visibility of research: FUTON bias. Lancet. 2002 Oct 19;360(9341):1256. (Describes two biases not listed in Sackett's article: Full Text On the Net (FUTON) bias and No Abstract Available (NAA) bias)

List of Cognitive Biases from Wikipedia--use the list of references at the end to verify the veracity of this page

Gregoire G, Derderian F, Le Lorier J. Selecting the language of the publications included in a meta-analysis: is there a Tower of Babel bias? J Clin Epidemiol. 1995 Jan;48(1):159-63.

Mills EJ, Hollyer T, Guyatt G, Ross CP, Saranchuk R, Wilson K. Teaching evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: 1. A learning structure for clinical decision changes. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Apr;8(2):207-14.

Schulz KF. Assessing allocation concealment and blinding in randomised controlled trials: why bother? Evid Based Nurs. 2001 Jan;4(1):4-6. [Defines concealed vs. non-concealed allocation.]

Benaroia M. Evidence-Based Medicine Series: Part 3; Usefulness of evidence-based medicine to medical students and a guide to the use of the evidence-based medicine. University of Toronto Medical Journal. 1999 May;76(3):148-149. [Full Text]

Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, Gottlieb DJ, Lucas FL, Pinder L. The Implications of Regional Variations in Medicare Spending Part II: Health Outcomes and Satisfaction with Care. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):I-I49.

Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, Gottlieb DJ, Lucas FL, Pinder L. The Implications of Regional Variations in Medicare Spending Part I: The Content, Quality, and Accessibility of Care. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):I-I36.

Alan Schartz's EBM and Decision Tools

EBM Listservs

Core Library for Evidence-Based Practice great bib; also in Spanish

Evidence-Based Medicine Bibliography

Evidence-Based Medicine bibliography, workshop listings, etc.

Evidence that Changed Medical Practice

Carr AB, McGivney GP. Users' guides to the dental literature: how to get started. J Prosthet Dent. 2000 Jan;83(1):13-20. [Note: has a nice, lengthy glossary at the end.]

Hong D, Tandan VR, Goldsmith CH, Simunovic M. Users' guide to the surgical literature: how to use an article reporting population-based volume-outcome relationships in surgery. Can J Surg. 2002 Apr;45(2):109-15.

Carr AB, McGivney GP. Users' guides to the dental literature: how to get started. J Prosthet Dent. 2000 Jan;83(1):13-20. [erratum appears in J Prosthet Dent 2000 Apr;83(4):391].

McGivney GP. Evidence-based dentistry article series. J Prosthet Dent. 2000 Jan;83(1):11-2.

Randolph AG, Guyatt GH, Calvin JE, Doig G, Richardson WS. Understanding articles describing clinical prediction tools. Evidence Based Medicine in Critical Care Group. Crit Care Med. 1998 Sep;26(9):1603-12.

Randolph AG, Guyatt GH, Carlet J. Understanding articles comparing outcomes among intensive care units to rate quality of care. Evidence Based Medicine in Critical Care Group. Crit Care Med. 1998 Apr;26(4):773-81.

Thompson C, Cullum N. Examining evidence: an overview. NT Learn Curve. 1999 Mar 3;3(1):7-9.

Sindhu F, Dickson R. The complexity of searching the literature. Int J Nurs Pract. 1997 Dec;3(4):211-7.

Hebert PC, Tugwell PX. A reader's guide to the medical literature--an introduction. Postgrad Med J. 1996 Jan;72(843):1-3.

Odunsi KO, Cooke IE, Olive DL. Evidence-based medicine: how do we find the evidence? J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1998 Aug;5(3):313-8.

Reeves S, Koppel I, Barr H, Freeth D, Hammick M. Twelve tips for undertaking a systematic review. Med Teach. 2002 Jul;24(4):358-63. [Note: article is how to research and write a systematic review.]

Table: Comparing the old world (before evidence based practice) and the new world (with evidence based practice)

Carr AB, McGivney GP. Users' guides to the dental literature: how to get started. J Prosthet Dent. 2000 Jan;83(1):13-20. [Note: has a nice, lengthy glossary at the end.]

Lang TA, Secic M. (1997). Considering Medical Risks and Patient Preferences: Reporting Decision Analyses and Clinical Practice Guidelines. In TA Lang & M Secic, How to report statistics in medicine: Annotated guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers (211-230). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American College of Physicians.
A deeper description of what goes into the IMRAD format for decision analyses and practice guidelines.

Glossary of terms for evidence-based orthopaedics. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 Aug;83-A(8):1284.

Ledbetter CA, Stevens KR. Basics of evidence-based practice. Part 2: Unscrambling the terms and processes. Semin Perioper Nurs. 2000 Jul;9(3):98-104.

Stevens KR, Ledbetter CA. Basics of evidence-based practice. Part 1: The nature of the evidence. Semin Perioper Nurs. 2000 Jul;9(3):91-7.

Vesely AE, De Almeida J. Evidence-based medicine, part 2: Evidence and the introduction of new therapies into practice. 2002 May;79(3):226-230. [Full Text]

Vesely AE, De Almeida J. Evidence-Based Medicine: Part 1: More than just the randomized controlled trial. 2002 Mar;79(2):129-132.

White TJ, Arakelian A, Rho JP. Counting the costs of drug-related adverse events. Pharmacoeconomics. 1999 May;15(5):445-58.

McDonald JM. The value-added laboratory: an opportunity to merge research and service objectives. Clin Lab Manage Rev. 1997 Mar-Apr;11(2):88-92.

Pysher TJ, Daly JA. The pediatric office laboratory. A look at recent trends. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1989 Feb;36(1):1-28.

Spanish Glossary of EBM/Medicina Basada en la Evidencia (MBE) terms are given in English & Spanish and defined in Spanish

Curso de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia detailed syllabus in Spanish

Que es la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia (MBE)?/What is Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) I'm told this gives an excellent overview of EBM in Spanish

Randomised Controlled Trials: A User's Guide online version of the book by Alejandro R Jadad

Controlled Trials from History from the James Lind library

Full list of systematic reviews of herbal medicinal products

 

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