Here are some:

1. Using the Internet to introduce a unit You can pre-select a set of sites that are related to your topic. Perhaps you want to show something on a current event, or on a global issue. Sometimes you can find something especially powerful like the Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust which contains not only journals and artifacts, but examples of art and music from the Holocaust victims.

2. Use a web site to enrich a unit There are several museums online. If you're studying American History, for example, you could show students images of art from the Colonial Period or artifacts from the Civil War. The Library of Congress has a wonderful site for this purpose: American Memories.

3. Use an activity site to involve the whole class in problem-solving While the topic might not be an exact content-match, the Arctica site is a great one to use to involve students in logical thinking. It's set up like a choose your own adventure and has terrific graphics. Arctica is a mystery which was revealed in weekly episodes. The setting is a cabin on a ship in the Arctic which was used by anthropologists searching for remnants of an 1883 expedition. Now that the student contest is over, all the episodes are available. Students read through the clues and submit their hypotheses.

4. Involve students in an online adventure Since you only have one computer in the classroom, you wouldn't be able to do EVERYTHING that is possible in these activities, but your students would still benefit. GlobaLearn is a FREE online activity. This company mounts live expeditions all over the world. This spring they feature an expedition to the Eastern Mediterranean. Participating students interact with GlobaLearn's remote expedition teams via their World Wide Web (WWW) site. At each stopping point, the team is hosted by a local school child who offers a personal introduction to the local community. The host child serves as the starting point for ensuing investigations into the history, traditions, industries, and physical resources of the community. Using laptop computers and digital cameras and recorders, the explorers capture their discoveries daily and send them, via satellite uplink, to GlobaLearn's server in Connecticut. In minutes, GlobaLearn's home staff formats the materials for the Web site. Once the materials are posted, they can be viewed by anyone with access to the World Wide Web.

OnlineClass is a terrific source of online activities. These require a subscription fee, but they are very high quality and offer teacher support materials, online support, and access to guest experts. The current history/social studies project (concluding in June) is the North American Quilt which focuses on geography, ecology, and cultures. Mississippi Adventure helps students understand the impact of the river on the ecology, economy, and people.

5. Publish student work on the Internet. One of the best examples of quality student publishing I've ever seen is the What did you do in the war, Grandma? site. This site represents a collaboration between high school students and a university. The students conducted oral interviews of local residents and the university supplied the technical support.

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General Tips for Using Technology Effectively:

• When making presentations that use overheads, slides or computer software such as PowerPoint, make an identical set of handouts for students before the class begins so that students have a way of getting involved with the material you are illustrating and to facilitate their notetaking.
• Use the digital counter on your VCR to note the location of a videotape that you would like to highlight, then preview the tape on the machine you plan to use in class.
• Determine what resources and consulting experts are available to assist you with high technology options such as multimedia applications.
• Find out if the necessary equipment is available and convenient for use in a classroom or media center.
• Check electronic presentations in the room you'll be using. Things may look different in the classroom than they do on your desktop computer.
• Determine if enough time is available to learn about the technology, practice its use, and develop applications for active learning strategies.
• Introduce technology into the parts of the course that are difficult for you to teach yourself
• Technology shouldn't compete with standard instructional formats. Use a variety of instructional approaches that maximizes the strengths of the instructional tools available.

Designing Overheads or Electronic Presentations

• Limit the number of lines of text on a single overhead, the less the better
• Bullets or dashes help to set off points.
• Confine each overhead to a single concept.
• Short phrases are preferable to full sentences.
• Only include the key points of the presentation
• Whole paragraphs are totally unsuitable
• Summarize the main point of an overhead in a heading or title
• For more complex ideas, add information sequentially to the image by preparing a base visual and adding overlays or using the "build" feature in your software

Format

1. A horizontal format covers the projected viewing area better than a vertical format
2. Use a vertical format when you have brief lines of text

Typefaces

1. Sans serif typefaces, such as Arial or Helvetica, are generally more readable when projected. ALL CAPS IS HARD TO READ.
2. Italics can be used, but sparingly
3. Do not use an outline type, drop shadows, letters with shading or patterns, fine type, or type that has thick and thin strokes
4. Case: Body of the text should be set in both capital and lower case letters except for short titles that can be set in all capitals
5. Choose type that is at lest 1/4 inch in height, or 24 point.
6. Borders should "frame" the message not overpower what you are trying to convey

Color Contrast

1. Use sufficient contrast between the lightness and darkness of the letters and the background for them to be easily seen
2. Limit the number of text colors in a given overhead or slide
3. Use colors, such as red, sparingly and only for special emphasis

The Best Color Combinations

1. White characters on dark blue or black background
2. Yellow characters on dark blue or black background
3. Black or dark blue characters on white background
4. Black or dark blue characters on a pale gray,blue or yellow background
5. Yellow characters on black background

Summary

• Use short titles
• Keep text short and simple, just emphasize the key points.
• Text should be in upper and lower case
• Use a sans serif (Arial) typeface of at least 24 point for readability

Select one format, vertical or horizontal, and use it throughout your presentation
 

Terima kasih
 

Hjh. Norizan bt. Hj. AHmad
28 Jun 2000
MP Teknik
Kuala Lumpur