Review
True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
____ 1. Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a
microscope.
____ 2. All living things are composed of many cells.
____ 3. A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on
all the processes of life.
____ 4. All living things that are not bacteria are
eukaryotes.
____ 5. Lysosomes carry on cellular respiration.
____ 6. DNA stores information that directs the
activities of a cell.
____ 7. The only difference between a plant cell and
an animal cell is that plant cells have chloroplasts.
____ 8. The information needed by a cell to direct
its activities and to determine its characteristics is contained in molecules
of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
____ 9. Human sperm and egg cells have 23
chromosomes.
____ 10. Gametes are diploid so that when fertilization
occurs, the resulting zygote will have the characteristic number of chromosomes
for that species.
____ 11. A karyotype is a type of gene.
____ 12. During telophase, a nuclear envelope surrounds
each new set of chromosomes.
____ 13. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each new cell
has a complete set of the original cell’s
chromosomes.
____ 14. Plant cells cannot undergo cell division
because of their strong cell walls.
____ 15. Cytokinesis only occurs during metaphase II.
____ 16. Meiosis results in the formation of haploid
cells from diploid cells.
____ 17. Meiosis produces four nuclei that have a
different chromosome number from the original cell’s nucleus.
____ 18. Genetics is the branch of biology that involves
the study of how different traits are transmitted from one generation to the
next.
____ 19. Plants in Mendel’s P generation were all
heterozygous.
____ 20. The scientific study of heredity is called
genetics.
____ 21. A dominant allele masks the effect of a
recessive allele.
____ 22. Genes on chromosomes are the units of
inheritance.
____ 23. The allele for a recessive trait is usually
represented by a capital letter.
____ 24. Heterozygous individuals have two of the same
alleles for a particular gene.
____ 25. A probability of 1/4 is equal to a probability
of 75 percent.
____ 26. The dominant allele for tallness in pea plants
is represented by the letter t.
____ 27. Individuals must exhibit a trait in order for
it to appear in their offspring.
____ 28. In all living things, DNA replication must
occur after cell division.
____ 29. Before a DNA molecule can replicate itself, it
must make itself more compact. This is accomplished by the double helix coiling
up on itself.
____ 30. The genetic code is different in nearly all
organisms.
____ 31. A codon signifies either a specific amino acid
or a stop signal.
____ 32. Only ribosomal RNA plays a role in translation.
____ 33. Changes in the DNA of an organism are called
mutations.
____ 34. If each parent carries a copy of the sickle
cell gene, there is a one-in-four chance that their child will have sickle cell
anemia.
____ 35. Somatic mutations affect an organism’s
offspring.
The
partial pedigree below is for a family with a genetic disorder.
____ 36. Refer to the illustration above. The father
listed in the pedigree is most likely heterozygous for the trait.
____ 37. An individual who expresses a genetic disorder
is called a carrier.
____ 38. A pedigree is a family record that shows how a
trait is inherited over several generations.
____ 39. An autosomal trait will occur with equal
frequency in both males and females.
Multiple
Choice
Identify
the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
____ 40. Hooke’s discovery of cells was made observing
|
a. |
living algal cells. |
c. |
dead plant cells. |
|
b. |
living human blood cells. |
d. |
dead protist cells. |
____ 41. The smallest units of life in all living things
are
|
a. |
cells. |
c. |
cytoplasm. |
|
b. |
mitochondria. |
d. |
Golgi apparatus. |
____ 42. One difference between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes is that
|
a. |
nucleic acids are found only in
prokaryotes. |
|
b. |
mitochondria are found in larger
quantities in eukaryotes. |
|
c. |
Golgi vesicles are found only in
prokaryotes. |
|
d. |
prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane. |
____ 43. Cell membranes
|
a. |
are only found on a small number of
cells. |
|
b. |
contain genes. |
|
c. |
are made of DNA. |
|
d. |
are thin coverings that surround cells. |
____ 44. The structure that regulates what enters and
leaves the cell is called
|
a. |
the nucleus. |
c. |
the nuclear membrane. |
|
b. |
the cell wall. |
d. |
the cell membrane. |
____ 45. Cell membranes
|
a. |
are only found on a small number of
cells. |
|
b. |
contain genes. |
|
c. |
are made of DNA. |
|
d. |
are thin coverings that surround cells. |
____ 46. The cell membrane
|
a. |
encloses the contents of a cell. |
|
b. |
allows material to enter and leave the
cell. |
|
c. |
is selectively permeable. |
|
d. |
All of the above |
____ 47. A structure within a cell that performs a
specific function is called a(n)
|
a. |
organelle. |
c. |
tissue. |
|
b. |
organ tissue. |
d. |
biocenter. |
____ 48. A particularly active cell might contain large
numbers of
|
a. |
chromosomes. |
c. |
mitochondria. |
|
b. |
vacuoles. |
d. |
walls. |
____ 49. In which of the following organelles is a
cell’s ATP produced?
|
a. |
mitochondrion |
c. |
Golgi apparatus |
|
b. |
endoplasmic reticulum |
d. |
lysosome |
____ 50. Proteins are made in cells on the
|
a. |
mitochondria. |
c. |
nucleus. |
|
b. |
ribosomes. |
d. |
cell membrane. |
____ 51. The packaging and distribution center of the
cell is the
|
a. |
nucleus. |
c. |
central vacuole. |
|
b. |
Golgi apparatus. |
d. |
nuclear envelope. |
____ 52. The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is
called the
|
a. |
nucleolus. |
c. |
nucleoplasm. |
|
b. |
nuclear wall. |
d. |
nuclear envelope. |
____ 53. All cells have
|
a. |
a covering called a membrane that
surrounds the cell and controls what information and materials enter and
leave it. |
|
b. |
an internal fluid that gives shape to
the cell and supports the other things within it. |
|
c. |
a central zone or nucleus that contains
the cell's genes. |
|
d. |
All of the above |
____ 54. cell : cell membrane ::
|
a. |
nucleus : chromosome |
c. |
chromosome : DNA |
|
b. |
nucleus : nuclear envelope |
d. |
cell : DNA |
____ 55. Refer to the illustration above. Which
structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?
|
a. |
structure “1” |
c. |
structure “3” |
|
b. |
structure “2” |
d. |
structure “4” |
____ 56. Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses
structure “3”
|
a. |
to transport material from one part of
the cell to the other. |
|
b. |
to package proteins so they can be
stored by the cell. |
|
c. |
as a receptor. |
|
d. |
to produce energy. |
____ 57. Refer to the illustration above. Structure “1”
is
|
a. |
the endoplasmic reticulum. |
c. |
a mitochondrion. |
|
b. |
a Golgi apparatus. |
d. |
the nucleus. |
____ 58. Refer to the illustration above. In eukaryotic
cells, chromosomes are found in
|
a. |
structure “1.” |
c. |
structure “3.” |
|
b. |
structure “2.” |
d. |
structure “5.” |
____ 59. Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown
is probably an animal cell because
|
a. |
it has mitochondria. |
c. |
it has a cell membrane. |
|
b. |
it does not have a cell wall. |
d. |
it does not have a nucleus. |
____ 60. All the following are found in both plant and
animal cells, except
|
a. |
a cell wall. |
c. |
mitochondria. |
|
b. |
a cell membrane. |
d. |
the endoplasmic reticulum. |
____ 61. The organelles associated with photosynthesis
are the
|
a. |
mitochondria. |
c. |
Golgi apparatus. |
|
b. |
chloroplasts. |
d. |
vacuoles. |
____ 62. The organelles in plant cells that contain a
green pigment are the
|
a. |
mitochondria. |
c. |
chloroplasts. |
|
b. |
bilayer lipids. |
d. |
Golgi apparatus. |
____ 63. Plant cells have large membrane-bound spaces in
which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. These places are known
as
|
a. |
mitochondria. |
c. |
Golgi apparatus. |
|
b. |
chloroplasts. |
d. |
vacuoles. |
____ 64. Plant cells
|
a. |
do not contain mitochondria. |
|
b. |
have a cell wall instead of a cell
membrane. |
|
c. |
have a large vacuole instead of a Golgi
apparatus. |
|
d. |
have chloroplasts and a cell wall. |
____ 65. Which of the following is the correct order of
organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex?
|
a. |
organ systems, organs, tissues, cells |
|
b. |
tissues, cells, organs, organ systems |
|
c. |
cells, tissues, organ systems, organs |
|
d. |
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
____ 66. Chromatids are
|
a. |
dense patches within the nucleus. |
|
b. |
bacterial chromosomes. |
|
c. |
joined strands of duplicated genetic
material. |
|
d. |
prokaryotic nuclei. |
____ 67. A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to
each other in a chromosome is called a(n)
|
a. |
chloroplast. |
c. |
gamete. |
|
b. |
centromere. |
d. |
centriole. |
____ 68. The chromosomes in your body
|
a. |
exist in 23 pairs. |
|
b. |
each contain thousands of genes. |
|
c. |
found in the cytoplasm |
|
d. |
All of the above |
____ 69. A student can study a karyotype to learn about
the
|
a. |
molecular structure of a chromosome. |
|
b. |
genes that are present in a particular
strand of DNA. |
|
c. |
medical history of an individual. |
|
d. |
chromosomes present in a somatic cell. |
____ 70. A diploid cell is one that
|
a. |
has two homologues of each chromosome. |
|
b. |
is designated by the symbol 2n. |
|
c. |
has chromosomes found in pairs. |
|
d. |
All of the above |
____ 71. The diploid number of chromosomes in a human
skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human ovum is
|
a. |
46. |
c. |
23. |
|
b. |
92. |
d. |
12.5. |
____ 72. How many chromosomes are in the body cells of
an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
|
a. |
4 |
c. |
12 |
|
b. |
8 |
d. |
16 |
____ 73. The phase of mitosis that is characterized by
the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called
|
a. |
telophase. |
c. |
anaphase. |
|
b. |
metaphase. |
d. |
prophase. |
____ 74. Refer to the illustration above. The cell in
diagram “1” is in
|
a. |
metaphase. |
c. |
anaphase. |
|
b. |
telophase. |
d. |
prophase. |
____ 75. Refer to the illustration above. Mitosis begins
with the stage shown in diagram
|
a. |
“1.” |
c. |
“3.” |
|
b. |
“2.” |
d. |
“4.” |
____ 76. Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown
in diagram “5” is in
|
a. |
metaphase. |
c. |
anaphase. |
|
b. |
telophase. |
d. |
prophase. |
____ 77. A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes.
After mitosis and cell division, each of the two new cells formed from the
original cell
|
a. |
gets 23 chromosomes. |
|
b. |
grows new chromosomes from existing DNA. |
|
c. |
gets a complete set of 46 chromosomes. |
|
d. |
None of the above |
____ 78. As a result of mitosis, each of the two new
cells produced from the original cell during cytokinesis
|
a. |
receives a few chromosomes from the
original cell. |
|
b. |
receives an exact copy of all the
chromosomes present in the original cell. |
|
c. |
donates a chromosome to the original
cell. |
|
d. |
receives exactly half the chromosomes
from the original cell. |
____ 79. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the
following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
|
a. |
“A,” “B,” “C,” “D” |
c. |
“B,” “A,” “C,” “D” |
|
b. |
“C,” “B,” “A,” “D” |
d. |
“A,” “C,” “B,” “D” |
____ 80. Refer to the illustration above. During which
stage do the centromeres divide?
|
a. |
“A” |
c. |
“C” |
|
b. |
“B” |
d. |
“D” |
____ 81. 5 : cell cycle ::
|
a. |
6 : prophase |
c. |
3 : meiosis |
|
b. |
9 : cytokinesis |
d. |
4 : mitosis |
____ 82. In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs when
|
a. |
the chromosomes make exact copies of
themselves. |
|
b. |
spindle fibers are formed. |
|
c. |
a new cell wall forms. |
|
d. |
osmotic pressure is too low. |
____ 83. Mitosis is a process by which
|
a. |
DNA is replicated. |
c. |
cells grow in size. |
|
b. |
cytokinesis occurs. |
d. |
a cell’s nucleus divides. |
____ 84. Separation of homologues occurs during
|
a. |
mitosis. |
c. |
meiosis II. |
|
b. |
meiosis I. |
d. |
fertilization. |
____ 85. The difference between anaphase of mitosis and
anaphase I of meiosis is that
|
a. |
the chromosomes line up at the equator
in anaphase I. |
|
b. |
centromeres do not exist in anaphase I. |
|
c. |
chromatids do not separate at the
centromere in anaphase I. |
|
d. |
crossing-over occurs only in anaphase of
mitosis. |
Diagrams A and B show cells from an
organism with a diploid chromosome number of 4.
____ 86. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the
cells will be a diploid cell at the completion of division?
|
a. |
“A” |
c. |
Both |
|
b. |
“B” |
d. |
Neither |
____ 87. Refer to the illustration above. Which of these
cells is in the process of dividing to form gametes?
|
a. |
“A” |
c. |
Both |
|
b. |
“B” |
d. |
Neither |
____ 88. The scientific study of heredity is called
|
a. |
meiosis. |
c. |
genetics. |
|
b. |
crossing-over. |
d. |
pollination. |
____ 89. The “father” of genetics was
|
a. |
T. A. Knight. |
c. |
Gregor Mendel. |
|
b. |
Hans Krebs. |
d. |
None of the above |
____ 90. What is the probability that the offspring of a
homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will
exhibit the dominant phenotype?
|
a. |
0.25 |
c. |
0.66 |
|
b. |
0.5 |
d. |
1.0 |
____ 91. The passing of traits from parents to offspring
is called
|
a. |
genetics. |
c. |
development. |
|
b. |
heredity. |
d. |
maturation. |
____ 92. A genetic trait that appears in every
generation of offspring is called
|
a. |
dominant. |
c. |
recessive. |
|
b. |
phenotypic. |
d. |
superior. |
____ 93. The phenotype of an organism
|
a. |
represents its genetic composition. |
|
b. |
reflects all the traits that are
actually expressed. |
|
c. |
occurs only in dominant pure organisms. |
|
d. |
cannot be seen. |
____ 94. If an individual has two recessive alleles for
the same trait, the individual is said to be
|
a. |
homozygous for the trait. |
c. |
heterozygous for the trait. |
|
b. |
haploid for the trait. |
d. |
mutated. |
____ 95. An individual heterozygous for a trait and an
individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce many
offspring that are
|
a. |
all the same genotype. |
c. |
of three different phenotypes. |
|
b. |
of two different phenotypes. |
d. |
all the same phenotype. |
____ 96. Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in
pea plants. Which of the following represents a genotype of a pea plant that is
heterozygous for tallness?
|
a. |
T |
c. |
Tt |
|
b. |
TT |
d. |
tt |
In humans, having freckles (F) is dominant
to not having freckles (f). The inheritance of these traits can be studied
using a Punnett square similar to the one shown below.
____ 97. Refer to the illustration above. The genotype
represented in box “1” in the Punnett square would
|
a. |
be homozygous for freckles. |
|
b. |
have an extra freckles chromosome. |
|
c. |
be heterozygous for freckles. |
|
d. |
have freckles chromosomes. |
____ 98. Refer to the illustration above. The genotype
in box “3” of the Punnett square is
|
a. |
FF. |
c. |
ff. |
|
b. |
Ff. |
d. |
None of the above |
____ 99. A trait that occurs in 450 individuals out of a
total of 1,800 individuals occurs with a probability of
|
a. |
0.04. |
c. |
0.50. |
|
b. |
0.25. |
d. |
0.75. |
____ 100. How many different phenotypes can be
produced by a pair of codominant alleles?
|
a. |
1 |
c. |
3 |
|
b. |
2 |
d. |
4 |
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant to
brown fur (b). Consider the following cross between two rabbits.
____ 101. Refer to the illustration above. The
device shown, which is used to determine the probable outcome of genetic
crosses, is called a
|
a. |
Mendelian box. |
c. |
Genetic graph. |
|
b. |
Punnett square. |
d. |
Phenotypic paradox. |
____ 102. Refer to the illustration above. Both
of the parents in the cross are
|
a. |
black. |
c. |
homozygous dominant. |
|
b. |
brown. |
d. |
homozygous recessive. |
____ 103. Refer to the illustration above. The
phenotype of the offspring indicated by box “3” would be
|
a. |
brown. |
c. |
a mixture of brown and black. |
|
b. |
black. |
d. |
The phenotype cannot be determined. |
____ 104. Refer to the illustration above. The
genotypic ratio of the F1 generation would be
|
a. |
1:1. |
c. |
1:3. |
|
b. |
3:1. |
d. |
1:2:1. |
____ 105. What is the expected genotypic ratio
resulting from a homozygous dominant ´ heterozygous monohybrid cross?
|
a. |
1:0 |
c. |
1:2:1 |
|
b. |
1:1 |
d. |
1:3:1 |
____ 106. What is the expected genotypic ratio
resulting from a heterozygous ´ heterozygous monohybrid cross?
|
a. |
1:2:1 |
c. |
1:2 |
|
b. |
1:3:1 |
d. |
1:0 |
____ 107. What is the expected phenotypic ratio
resulting from a homozygous dominant ´ heterozygous monohybrid cross?
|
a. |
1:3:1 |
c. |
2:1 |
|
b. |
1:2:1 |
d. |
1:0 |
____ 108. Refer to the illustration above. The
phenotype represented by the cell labeled “1” is
|
a. |
round, yellow. |
c. |
wrinkled, yellow. |
|
b. |
round, green. |
d. |
wrinkled, green. |
____ 109. An organism that has inherited two of
the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called
|
a. |
hereditary. |
c. |
homozygous. |
|
b. |
heterozygous. |
d. |
a mutation. |
____ 110. In pea plants, yellow seeds are
dominant over green seeds. What would be the expected genotype ratio in a cross
between a plant with green seeds and a plant that is heterozygous for seed
color?
|
a. |
1:3 |
c. |
4:1 |
|
b. |
1:2:1 |
d. |
1:1 |
____ 111. All of the following are true about
the structure of DNA except
|
a. |
short strands of DNA are contained in
chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell. |
|
b. |
every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a
phosphate group, and a base. |
|
c. |
DNA consists of two strands of
nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds. |
|
d. |
the long strands of nucleotides are
twisted into a double helix. |
____ 112. Molecules of DNA are composed of long
chains of
|
a. |
amino acids. |
c. |
monosaccharides. |
|
b. |
fatty acids. |
d. |
nucleotides. |
____ 113. Which of the following is not
part of a molecule of DNA?
|
a. |
deoxyribose |
c. |
phosphate |
|
b. |
nitrogenous base |
d. |
ribose |
____ 114. A nucleotide consists of
|
a. |
a sugar, a protein, and adenine. |
|
b. |
a sugar, an amino acid, and starch. |
|
c. |
a sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogen-containing base. |
|
d. |
a starch, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogen-containing base. |
____ 115. The part of the molecule for which
deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the
|
a. |
phosphate group. |
|
b. |
sugar. |
|
c. |
nitrogen base. |
|
d. |
None of the above; DNA is not named
after part of the molecule. |
____ 116. Refer to the illustration above. The
entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n)
|
a. |
amino acid. |
c. |
polysaccharide. |
|
b. |
nucleotide. |
d. |
pyrimidine. |
____ 117. The base-pairing rules state that the
following are base pairs in DNA:
|
a. |
adenine—thymine; uracil—cytosine. |
|
b. |
adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine. |
|
c. |
adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine. |
|
d. |
uracil—thymine; guanine—cytosine. |
____ 118. ATTG : TAAC ::
|
a. |
AAAT : TTTG |
c. |
GTCC : CAGG |
|
b. |
TCGG : AGAT |
d. |
CGAA : TGCG |
____ 119. During DNA replication, a
complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a
portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
|
a. |
TTGCATG. |
c. |
CCTAGCT. |
|
b. |
AAGTATC. |
d. |
GGATCGA. |
____ 120. The function of rRNA is to
|
a. |
synthesize DNA. |
c. |
form ribosomes. |
|
b. |
synthesize mRNA. |
d. |
transfer amino acids to ribosomes. |
____ 121. Which of the following types of RNA
carries instructions for making proteins?
|
a. |
mRNA |
c. |
tRNA |
|
b. |
rRNA |
d. |
All of the above |
____ 122. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
|
a. |
is sometimes single-stranded. |
|
b. |
contains a different sugar molecule. |
|
c. |
contains the nitrogen base uracil. |
|
d. |
All of the above |
____ 123. Which of the following is not
found in DNA?
|
a. |
adenine |
c. |
uracil |
|
b. |
cytosine |
d. |
None of the above |
____ 124. RNA is chemically similar to DNA
except that its sugars have an additional oxygen atom, and the base thymine is
replaced by a structurally similar base called
|
a. |
uracil. |
c. |
cytosine. |
|
b. |
alanine. |
d. |
codon. |
____ 125. In RNA molecules, adenine is
complementary to
|
a. |
cytosine. |
c. |
thymine. |
|
b. |
guanine. |
d. |
uracil. |
mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC
Genetic Code:
____ 126. Refer to the illustration above. What
is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by the piece of mRNA shown in
the diagram?
|
a. |
Ser—Tyr—Arg—Gly |
c. |
Leu— |
|
b. |
Val—Asp—Pro—His |
d. |
Pro—Glu—Leu—Val |
____ 127. Which of the following would
represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand in the diagram was made?
|
a. |
CUCAAGUGCUUC |
c. |
GAGTTCACGAAG |
|
b. |
GAGUUCACGAAG |
d. |
AGACCTGTAGGA |
____ 128. Refer to the illustration above. The
anticodons for the codons in the mRNA in the diagram are
|
a. |
GAG—UUC—ACG—AAG. |
c. |
CUC—GAA—CGU—CUU. |
|
b. |
GAG—TTC—ACG—AAG. |
d. |
CUU—CGU—GAA—CUC. |
____ 129. A ribosome has
|
a. |
one binding site for DNA. |
|
b. |
three binding sites used during
translation. |
|
c. |
four binding sites for tRNA. |
|
d. |
no binding sites since the proteins must
detach. |
____ 130. Suppose that you are given a
polypeptide sequence containing the following sequence of amino acids:
tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of
the genetic code given in the table below to determine the DNA sequence that codes
for this polypeptide sequence.
|
mRNA |
Amino acid |
|
UAU, UAC |
tyrosine |
|
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG |
proline |
|
GAU, GAC |
aspartic acis |
|
AUU, AUC, AUA |
isoleucine |
|
UGU, UGC |
cysteine |
|
a. |
AUGGGUCUAUAUACG |
c. |
GCAAACTCGCGCGTA |
|
b. |
ATGGGTCTATATACG |
d. |
ATAGGGCTTTAAACA |
____ 131. Each of the following is a type of
RNA except
|
a. |
carrier RNA. |
c. |
ribosomal RNA. |
|
b. |
messenger RNA. |
d. |
transfer RNA. |
____ 132. Transfer RNA acts as an “interpreter”
because it
|
a. |
carries an amino acid to its correct
codon. |
|
b. |
synthesizes amino acids as they are
needed. |
|
c. |
produces codons to match the correct
anticodons. |
|
d. |
converts DNA into mRNA. |
____ 133. In order for protein synthesis to
occur, mRNA must migrate to the
|
a. |
ribosomes. |
c. |
RNA polymerase. |
|
b. |
lac operon. |
d. |
heterochromatin. |
____ 134. During transcription
|
a. |
proteins are synthesized. |
c. |
RNA is produced. |
|
b. |
DNA is replicated. |
d. |
translation occurs. |
____ 135. Transcription is the process by which
genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)
|
a. |
RNA molecule. |
c. |
uracil molecule. |
|
b. |
DNA molecule. |
d. |
transposon. |
____ 136. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that
specifies a particular amino acid is called a
|
a. |
mutagen. |
c. |
anticodon. |
|
b. |
codon. |
d. |
exon. |
____ 137. The X and Y chromosomes are called
the
|
a. |
extra chromosomes. |
c. |
sex chromosomes. |
|
b. |
phenotypes. |
d. |
All of the above |
____ 138. A change in a gene due to damage or
being copied incorrectly is called
|
a. |
evolution. |
c. |
segregation. |
|
b. |
meiosis. |
d. |
a mutation. |
____ 139. A diagram in which several
generations of a family and the occurrence of certain genetic characteristics
are shown is called a
|
a. |
Punnett square. |
c. |
pedigree. |
|
b. |
monohybrid cross. |
d. |
family karyotype. |
____ 140. A family record that indicates the
occurrence of a trait is a
|
a. |
sonogram. |
c. |
pedigree. |
|
b. |
karyotype. |
d. |
chromosome map. |
____ 141. What would be the blood type of a
person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O allele from the
other?
|
a. |
type A |
c. |
type AB |
|
b. |
type B |
d. |
type O |
____ 142. Which of the following describes
hemophilia?
|
a. |
multiple-allele trait |
c. |
sex-linked trait |
|
b. |
dominant trait |
d. |
codominant trait |
____ 143. In humans, the risks of passing on a
genetic disorder to one’s children can be assessed by
|
a. |
analysis of a pedigree. |
c. |
prenatal testing. |
|
b. |
genetic counseling. |
d. |
All of the above |
____ 144. Genetic counseling is a process that
|
a. |
helps identify parents at risk for
having children with genetic defects. |
|
b. |
assists parents in deciding whether or
not to have children. |
|
c. |
uses a family pedigree. |
|
d. |
All of the above |
____ 145. While studying several generations of
a particular family, a geneticist observed that a certain disease was found
equally in males and females and that all children who had the disease had
parents who also had the disease. The gene coding for this disease is probably
|
a. |
sex-linked recessive. |
c. |
autosomal recessive. |
|
b. |
sex-linked dominant. |
d. |
autosomal dominant. |
____ 146. If a characteristic is sex-linked, it
|
a. |
occurs most commonly in males. |
c. |
can never occur in females. |
|
b. |
occurs only in females. |
d. |
is always fatal. |
____ 147. Since the allele for colorblindness
is located on the X chromosome, colorblindness
|
a. |
cannot be inherited. |
c. |
is sex-linked. |
|
b. |
occurs only in adults. |
d. |
None of the above |
____ 148. People with Down syndrome have
|
a. |
45 chromosomes. |
c. |
47 chromosomes. |
|
b. |
46 chromosomes. |
d. |
no X chromosomes. |
Review
Answer
Section
TRUE/FALSE
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. T
9. T
10. F
11. F
12. T
13. T
14. F
15. F
16. T
17. T
18. T
19. F
20. T
21. T
22. T
23. F
24. F
25. F
26. F
27. F
28. F
29. F
30. F
31. T
32. F
33. T
34. T
35. F
36. T
37. F
38. T
39. T
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
40. C
41. A
42. D
43. D
44. D
45. D
46. D
47. A
48. C
49. A
50. B
51. B
52. D
53. D
54. B
55. B
56. D
57. A
58. B
59. B
60. A
61. B
62. C
63. D
64. D
65. D
66. C
67. B
68. D
69. D
70. D
71. C
72. D
73. B
74. C
75. C
76. B
77. C
78. B
79. C
80. A
81. D
82. C
83. D
84. B
85. C
86. A
87. B
88. C
89. C
90. D
91. B
92. A
93. B
94. A
95. B
96. C
97. A
98. B
99. B
100. C
101. B
102. A
103. B
104. D
105. B
106. A
107. D
108. A
109. C
110. D
111. A
112. D
113. D
114. C
115. B
116. B
117. B
118. C
119. D
120. C
121. A
122. D
123. C
124. A
125. D
126. C
127. C
128. A
129. B
130. B
131. A
132. A
133. A
134. C
135. A
136. B
137. C
138. D
139. C
140. C
141. A
142. C
143. D
144. D
145. D
146. A
147. C
148. C