Chapter 9…….Nutrition

 

Students should be able to:

 

·        List six important nutrients that the body needs and their different forms

·        Explain how each nutrient is used by the body

·        Define a balanced diet

·        Describe how the body uses a Calorie

·        Compare the number of calories used in different activities by different sexes and ages

 

 

Chapter outline:

 

1.     the six nutrients:  

 

a.     water : inorganic, 0 Calorie, important for hydrolysis, thermoregulation, and provide medium for  chemical

reactions

 

b.     minerals : inorganic, required in minute amounts for normal body processes  ; Ca, Na, Cl, Fe, I, Zn

 

c.      vitamins : organic, required in minute amounts for normal body processes ; A, B complex 1-6, C, K, D, E, B12

 

d.     Carbohydrates: organic ,1^st  source of energy

 

I.  monosaccharides:

Glucose,fructose,galactose(C6H12O6);Ribose and deoxyribose

 

II. disaccharides :

Maltose (2 glucose) ; Sucrose (glucose+fructose) ; Lactose (glucose + galactose)

 

III. polysaccharides:

Starch , Cellulose ,  and Glycogen: polymers of glucose

 

e.      Lipids : organic, 2^nd source of energy

 

I.                  Triglycerides: Fatty acids (Saturated or Unsaturated) + Glycerol

 

II.               Phospholipids: cell membrane

 

III.           Cholesterol

 

f.       Proteins : organic building blocks , polymers of Amino Acids

 

2.     Calorie : is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 100 g water by 1 C

 

3.     males use more Calories than females

 

4.     The harder the activity the more Calories used

 

5.     Balanced Diet: Calories used =Calories obtained

 

6.     Gain weight : Calories used  < Calories obtained

 

7.     Lose weight: Calories used > Calories obtained

 

Balanced Diet Lab  ; Study Guide 49-54   ;      Video: Nutrition