Chapter 28……....DNA ..Life’s Code

 

 

Students should be able to :

 

·        Describe the structure of Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

·        List the differences between DNA and RNA

·        Understand how scientists proved that DNA controls traits

·        Explain how DNA controls genetic traits

·        Describe How DNA copies itself and works to make Proteins

·        Describe how mutations occur.

·        Describe how cloning and breeding produce off spring with desired traits

·        Explain how recombinant DNA can help humans

 

Chapter Outline:

 

1.     Nucleic acids are polymers of Nucleotides which is a molecule of Phosphate+ sugar + Nitrogen base

 

2.     Nucleic acids are of two types DNA and RNA

 

3.     DNA and RNA have different sugars, sizes, Nitrogen bases, location in the cell, and play different  roles in the cell

 

4.     DNA = Deoxiribo Nucleic Acid which is the genetic code in the nucleus which controls all the traits of the cell and the organism by controlling protein synthesis . DNA copies itself before every cell division and any miscopying leads to mutation

 

5.     RNA = Ribo Nucleic Acid which plays an important role in protein synthesis and it is of three types

 

i.                   rRNA =ribosomal RNA that reads the mRNA from the nucleus

ii.                 mRNA=messenger RNA that is the message from the nucleus and it is a copy of the gene under study

iii.              tRNA = transfer RNA brings the specific Amino Acid to the ribosomes to make the specified protein

 

6.     Clone is a living thing that comes from one parent and is identical to the parent that is both have the same DNA

 

7.     Scientists did an experiment on mice to prove that DNA controls traits ..figure 28-4 page 590

 

8.     Twin types are either Fraternal ( formed from 2 fertilized eggs ,have same or different sex and have different DNA) or Identical  (formed from one  fertilized egg ,have the same  sex and have the  same  DNA)

 

9.     Recombinant DNA  formed when DNA is spliced into the DNA of another organism

 

                             Terms not found in the text book:

                                      Codon, Anticodon, DNA Replication,  DNA Transcription, mRNA                Translation , Nitrogen Bases (A=Adenine, G=Guanine, C= Cytosine,                             T=Thyamine, U=Uracil)

 

Study Guide Papers 163-168