N.J. Knowles - Refereed publications

1. Harris, T.J.R., Underwood, B.O., Knowles, N.J., Crowther, J.R. and Brown, F. (1979). Molecular approach to the epidemiology of swine vesicular disease: correlation of variation in the virus structural polypeptides with serological properties. Infection and Immunity 24: 593-599.
   
2. Knowles, N.J., Buckley, L.S. and Pereira, H.G. (1979). Classification of porcine enteroviruses by antigenic analysis and cytopathic effects in tissue culture: description of 3 new serotypes. Archives of Virology 62: 201-208.
   
3. Knowles, N.J. and Buckley, L.S. (1980). Differentiation of porcine enterovirus serotypes by complement fixation. Research in Veterinary Science 29: 113-115.
   
4. Knowles, N.J. (1983). Isolation and identification of porcine enteroviruses in Great Britain, 1979 to 1980. British Veterinary Journal 139: 19-22.
   
5. Donaldson, A.I., Ferris, N.P., Knowles, N.J. and Barnett, I.T.R. (1983). Comparative studies of United Kingdom isolates of swine vesicular disease virus. Research in Veterinary Science 35: 295-300.
   
6. Espinoza, A.M. and Knowles, N.J. (1983). A serological and biochemical study of new field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A in Peru, 1975 to 1981. Veterinary Microbiology 8: 555-562.
   
7. Knowles, N.J. and Barnett, I.T.R. (1985). A serological classification of bovine enteroviruses. Archives of Virology 83: 141-155.
   
8. Hamblin, C., Knowles, N.J. and Hedger, R.S. (1985). Isolation and identification of bovid enteroviruses from free-living wild animals in Botswana. Veterinary Record 116: 238-239.
   
9. Knowles, N.J. and Hedger, R.S. (1985). A study of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their structural polypeptides. Veterinary Microbiology 10: 347-357.
   
10. Caracappa, S., Vesco, G., Iannizzotto, G., Guercio, V. and Knowles, N.J. (1985). Isolation and identification of porcine enteroviruses in Sicily. (Isolamento ed identificazione di enterovirus suini in Sicilia). Archivio Veterinario Italiano 36: 167-170.
    
11. Sharma, A.K., Knowles, N.J., Prasad, S. and Shrivastava, R.N. (1986). Preliminary studies on a sheep enteroviruses. Indian Journal of Virology 2: 86-88.
    
12. Shin, T.K., Lee, C.S., Kwon, H.J. and Knowles, N.J. (1987). Serological classification of porcine enteroviruses isolated in Korea. Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 27: 223-226.
    
13. Gershon, P.D. and Knowles, N.J. (1988). FRAGMAP - a program for restriction site map comparison. Nucleic Acids Research 16: 1779-1787.
    
14. Knowles, N.J. (1988). The association of group III porcine enteroviruses with epithelial tissue. Veterinary Record 122: 441-442.
    
15. Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1988). Serological and biochemical study of an isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A from Bavaria in 1984. Revue scientifique et technique de l'Office International des Epizooties 7: 365-373.
    
16. Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Kitching, R.P. (1988). Serological and biochemical analysis of some recent type A foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from the Middle East. Epidemiology and Infection 101: 577-590.
    
17. Craig, J.C., Parkinson, D. and Knowles, N. (1989). The suitability of different microtitre plates for detection of antibody to virus antigens by indirect ELISA. Journal of Biological Standardization 17: 125-135.
    
18. Kitching, R.P., Knowles, N.J., Samuel, A.R. and Donaldson, A.I. (1989). Development of foot-and-mouth disease virus strain characterisation - a review. Tropical Animal Health and Production 21: 153-166.
    
19. Craig, J.C., Parkinson, D., Goatley, L. and Knowles, N. (1989). Assay sensitivity and differentiation of monoclonal antibody specificity in ELISA with different coating buffers. Journal of Biological Standardization 17: 281-289.
    
20. Knowles, N.J. and Sharma, G.K. (1990). A study of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A in India between 1977 and 1985. Revue scientifique et technique de l'Office International des Epizooties 9: 1157-1168.
    
21. Ryan, M.D., Jenkins, O., Hughes, P.J., Brown, A., Knowles, N.J., Booth, D., Minor, P.D. and Almond, J.W. (1990). The complete nucleotide sequence of enterovirus type 70: relationships with other members of the Picornaviridae. Journal of General Virology 71: 2291-2299.
    
22. Samuel, A.R., Ouldridge, E.J., Arrowsmith, A.E.M., Kitching, R.P. and Knowles, N.J. (1990). Antigenic analysis of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from the Middle East, 1981 to 1988. Vaccine 8: 390-396.
    
23. Seechurn, P., Knowles, N.J. and McCauley, J.W. (1990). The complete nucleotide sequence of a pathogenic swine vesicular disease virus. Virus Research 16: 255-274.
    
24. Mart�nez, M.A., Hern�ndez, J., Piccone, M.E., Palma, E.L., Domingo, E., Knowles, N.J. and Mateu, M.G. (1991). Two mechanisms of antigenic diversification of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Virology 184: 695-706.
    
25. McCauley, J. and Knowles, N. (Eds) (1991). Viral sequence data: a listing of viral and phage sequence references and accession numbers, complete up to February 1991. Virus Research 19: 241-499.
    
26. Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J., Samuel, G.D. and Crowther, J.R. (1991). Evaluation of a trapping ELISA for the differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains using monoclonal antibodies. Biologicals 19: 299-310.
    
27. Kitching, R.P., Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1992). The epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease based on nucleotide sequences of FMD virus. Animal Biotechnology Bulletin 2: 5-7.
    
28. Mart�nez, M.A., Dopazo, J., Hern�ndez, J., Mateu, M.G., Sobrino, F., Domingo, E. and Knowles, N.J. (1992). Evolution of the capsid protein genes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Antigenic variation without accumulation of amino acid substitutions over six decades. Journal of Virology 66: 3557-3565.
    
29. Vosloo, W., Knowles, N.J. and Thomson, G.R. (1992). Genetic relationships between southern African SAT-2 isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Epidemiology and Infection 109: 547-558.
    
30. Zhang, G., Wilsden, G., Knowles, N.J. and McCauley J.W. (1993). Complete nucleotide sequence of a coxsackie B5 virus and its relationship to swine vesicular disease virus. Journal of General Virology 74: 845-853.
    
31. Samuel, A.R., Ansell, D.M., Rendle, R.T., Armstrong, R.M., Davidson, F.L., Knowles, N.J. and Kitching, R.P. (1993). Field and laboratory analysis of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Bulgaria in 1991. Revue scientifique et technique de l'Office International des Epizooties 12: 839-848.
    
32. Chamberlain, R.W., Wamwayi, H.M., Hockley, E., Shaila, M.S., Goatley, L., Knowles, N.J. and Barrett, T. (1993). Evidence for different lineages of rinderpest virus reflecting their geographic isolation. Journal of General Virology 74: 2775-2780.
    
33. Ansell, D.M., Samuel, A.R., Carpenter, W.C. and Knowles, N.J. (1994). Genetic relationships between foot-and-mouth disease type Asia 1 viruses. Epidemiology and Infection 112: 213-224.
    
34. Woodbury, E.L., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J., Hafez, S.M. and Kitching, R.P. (1994). Analysis of mixed foot-and-mouth disease virus infections in Saudi Arabia: prolonged circulation of an exotic serotype. Epidemiology and Infection 112: 201-211.
    
35. Dawe, P.S., Sorensen, K.J., Ferris, N.P., Barnett, I.T.R., Armstrong, R.M. and Knowles, N.J. (1994). Experimental transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from carrier African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in Zimbabwe. Veterinary Record 134: 211-215.
    
36. Dawe, P.S., Flanagan, F.O, Madekurozwa, R.L., Sorensen, K.J., Anderson, E.C., Foggin, C.M., Ferris, N.P. and Knowles, N.J. (1994). Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in a wildlife area of Zimbabwe. Veterinary Record 134: 230-232.
    
37. Armstrong, R.M., Samuel, A.R., Carpenter, W.C., Rama Kant and Knowles, N.J. (1994). A comparative study of serological and biochemical methods for strain differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease type A viruses. Veterinary Microbiology 39: 285-298.
    
38. Woodbury, E.L., Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1995). Serial passage in tissue culture of mixed foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes. Archives of Virology 140: 783-787.
    
39. Minor, P.D., Brown, F., Domingo, E., Hoey, E., King, A., Knowles, N., Lemon, S., Palmenberg, A., Rueckert, R., Stanway, G. Wimmer, E. and Yin-Murphy, M. (1995). Picornaviridae. In: Virus Taxonomy. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Sixth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Murphy, F.A., Fauquet, C.M., Bishop, D.H.L., Ghabrial, S.A. and Jarvis, A.W. Vienna: Springer-Verlag Archives of Virology (Suppt. 10) 329-336.
    
40. Davidson, F.L, Crowther, J.R., Nqindi, J., Knowles, N.J., Thevasagayam, S.J. and Van Vuuren, C.J. (1995). Antigenic analysis of SAT 2 serotype foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from Zimbabwe using monoclonal antibodies. Epidemiology and Infection 115: 193-205.
    
41. Sharma, A., Prasad, S., Shrivastava, R.N. and Knowles, N.J. (1996). Isolation and characterization of enteroviruses from sheep. International Journal of Animal Sciences 11: 95-98.
    
42. Hyypi�, T., Hovi, T., Knowles, N.J. and Stanway, G. (1997). Classification of enteroviruses based on molecular and biological properties. Journal of General Virology 78: 1-11.
    
43. Brocchi, E., Zhang, G., Knowles, N.J., Wilsden, G., McCauley, J.W., Marquardt, O., Ohlinger, V.F. and De Simone, F. (1997). Molecular epidemiology of recent outbreaks of swine vesicular disease: two genetically and antigenically distinct variants in Europe, 1987-1994. Epidemiology and Infection 118: 51-61.
    
44. Lin, F., Mackay, D.K.J. and Knowles, N.J. (1997). Detection of swine vesicular disease virus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Virological Methods 65: 111-121.
    
45. Koenen, F., Vanderhallen, H., Papadopoulos, O., Billinis, C., Paschaleri-Papadopoulou, E., Brocchi, E., De Simone, F., Carra, E. and Knowles, N.J. (1997). Comparison of the pathogenic, antigenic and molecular characteristics of two encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) isolates from Belgium and Greece. Research in Veterinary Science 62: 239-244.
    
46. Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J., Kitching, R.P. and Hafez, S.M. (1997). Molecular analysis of type O foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated in Saudi Arabia between 1983 and 1995. Epidemiology and Infection 119: 381-389.
    
47. Haydon, D.T., Lea, S., Fry, L., Knowles, N., Samuel, A.R., Stuart, D. and Woolhouse, M.E.J. (1998). Characterizing sequence variation in the VP1 capsid proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype O) with respect to virion structure. Journal of Molecular Evolution 46: 465-475.
    
48. Haydon, D., Knowles, N. and McCauley, J. (1998). Methods for the detection of non-random base substitution in virus genes: models of synonymous nucleotide substitution in picornavirus genes. Virus Genes 16: 253-266.
    
49. Lin, F., Mackay, D.K.J. and Knowles, N.J. (1998). The persistence of swine vesicular disease virus infection in pigs. Epidemiology and Infection 121: 459-472.
    
50. Martin, L.-A., Meyer, A.J., O'Hara, R.S., Fu, H., Mellor, P.S., Knowles, N.J. and Mertens P.P.C. (1988). Phylogenetic analysis of African horse sickness virus segment 10: sequence variation, virulence characteristics and cell exit. Archives of Virology [Supplement] 14: 281-293.
    
51. Pattnaik, B., Venkataramanan, R., Tosh, C., Sanyal, A., Hemadri, D., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Kitching, R.P. (1998). Genetic heterogeneity of Indian field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O as revealed by partial sequencing of 1D gene. Virus Research 55: 115-127.
    
52. Knowles, N.J., Dickinson, N.D., Wilsden, G., Carra, E., Brocchi, E. and De Simone, F. (1998). Molecular analysis of encephalomyocarditis viruses isolated from pigs and rodents in Italy. Virus Research 57: 53-62.
    
53. Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Mackay, D.K.J. (1999). Genetic analysis of type O viruses responsible for epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in North Africa. Epidemiology and Infection, in press.
    
54. Nijhar, S.K., Mackay, D.K.J., Brocchi, E., Ferris, N.P., Kitching, R.P. and Knowles, N.J. (1999). Identification of neutralizing epitopes on a European strain of swine vesicular disease virus. Journal of General Virology 80: 000-000, in press.
    
55. Marvil, P., Knowles, N.J., Mockett, A.M.A., Britton, P., Brown, T.D.K. and Cavanagh, D. (1999). Avian encephalomyelitis virus is a picornavirus and is most closely related to hepatitis A virus. Journal of General Virology, in press.
    
56. Koenen, F., Vanderhallen, H., Dickinson, N.D. and Knowles, N.J. (1999). Phylogenetic analysis of European encephalomyocarditis viruses: comparison of two genomic regions. Archives of Virology, in press.
    
57. Zhang, G., Haydon, D.T., Knowles, N.J., McCauley, J.W. (1999). Molecular evolution of swine vesicular disease virus. Journal of General Virology,in press.
    
58. Peng, J.H., McCauley, J.W., Kitching, R.P. and Knowles, N.J. (1999). Nucleotide sequence of porcine enterovirus type 9. Journal of General Virology, in press.

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